of Priam by the reduction of the tributary cities of Asia Minor. With a fleet of eleven vessels he ravaged the coasts of Mysia, made frequent disembarcations of his forces, and succeeded eventually in destroying eleven cities, among which, according to Strabo (534), were Hypoplacian Thebe, Lyrnessus, and Pedasus, and in laying waste the island of Lesbos. (Compare Homer, Il. 9, 328.) Among the spoils of Lyrnessus, Achilles obtained the beautiful Briseis, while, at the taking of Thebe, Chryseis the daughter of Chryses, a priest of Apollo at Chrysa, became the prize of Agamemnon. A pestilence shortly after appeared in the Grecian camp, and Calchas, encouraged by the proffered protection of Achilles, ventured to attribute it to Agamemnon's detention of the daughter of Chryses, whom her father had endeavoured to ransom, but in vain The monarch, although deeply of fended, was compelled at last to surrender his captive, but, as an act of retaliation, and to testify his resentment, he deprived Achilles of Briseis. Hence arose "the anger of the son of Peleus," on which is based the action of the Iliad. Achilies on his part withdrew his forces from the contest, and neither prayers, nor entreaties, nor direct offers of reconciliation, couched in the most tempting and flattering terms (I 9, 119, segg), could induce him to return to the field. Among other things the monarch promised him, if he would forget the injurious treatment which he had received, the hand of one of his daughters, and the sovereignty of seven cities of the Peloponnesus. (Il. 9, 142 and 149) The death of his friend Patroclus, however, by the hand of Hector (Il. 16, 821, seqq.), roused him at length to action and revenge, and a reconciliation having thereupon taken place between the two Grecian leaders, Briseis was restored. (Il. 19, 78, seqq.—Id. 246, seqq.) As the arms of Achiiles, having been worn by Patroclus, had become the prize of Hector, Vulcan, at the request of Thetis, fabricated a suit of impenetrable armour for her son. (Il. 18, 468, seqq.) Arrayed in this, Achilles took the field, and after a great slaughter of the Trojans, and a contest with the god of the Seamander, by whose waters he was nearly overwhelmed, met Hector, chased him thrice around the walls of Troy, and finally slew him by the aid of Minerva (II. 22, 136, seqq.) According to Homer (U. 24, 14, segg ), Achilles dragged the corpse of Hector, at his chariot-wheels, thrice round the tomb of Patroclus and from the language of the poet, he would appear to have done this for several days in succession. Virgil, however, makes Achilles to have dragged the body of Hector twice round the walls of Troy. In this it is probable that the Roman poet followed one of the Cyclic, or else Tragic writers. (Heyne, Excurs. 18, ad En. 1) The corpse of the Trojan hero was at last yielded up to the tears and supplications of Priam, who had come for that purpose to the tent of Achilles, and a truce was granted the Trojans for the performance of the funeral obsequies. (Il. 24, 599-Id. 663.) Achilles did not long survive his illustrious opponent. Some accounts make him to have died the day after Hector was slain. The common authorities, however, interpose the combats with Penthe silea and Memnon previous to his death. (Compare Heyne, Excurs. 19, ad En. 1.-Quint. Smyrn. 1.21. s.) According to the more received account. as it is given by the scholiast on Lycophron (v. 269), and also by Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius, Achilles, having become enamoured of Polyxena, the daughter of Priam, signified to the monarch that he would become his ally on condition of receiving her hard in marriage. Priam consented, and the parties having come for that purpose to the temple of the Thymbræan Apollo, Achilles was treacherously slain by Paris, who had concealed himself there, being wonded by him with an arrow in the heel. Another tradition, related by Arctinus, makes him to have been slain (in accordance with Hector's prophecy, Il 21, 452), in the Scean gate, while rushing into the city. Hyginus states that Achilles went round the walls of Troy boasting of his exploit in having slain Hector, until Apollo, in anger, assumed the form of Paris, and slew him with an arrow (Hygin. fab. 107), but, with surprising inconsistency, he mentions in another place (fab. 110), that he was slain by Deiphobus and Alexander of Paris. The scholiast on Lycophron, cited above, says that the Trojans would not give up the corpse of Achilles until the Greeks had restored the various presents with which Priam had redeemed the dead body of Hector. The ashes of the hero were mingled in a golden urn with those of Patroclus, and the promontory of Sigæum is said to mark the place where both repose. A tomb was here erected to his memory, and near it Thetis caused funeral games to be celebrated in honour of her son, which were afterward annually observed by a decree of the oracle of Dodona (vid. Sigæum.) It is said, that, after the taking of Troy, the ghost of Achilles appeared to the Greeks, and demanded of them Polyxena, who was accordingly sacrificed on his tomb by his son Neoptolemus, or Pyrrhus. (Eurip. Hec. 35, seqq-Senec. Troad. 191.—Ovid, Met. 13, 441, seqq.—Q. Calab. 14.) Another account makes the Trojan princess to have killed herself through grief at his loss. (Tzetzes, ad Lycophr. 323.-Philostratus, Heroica., p. 714, ed. Morellus.) The Thessalians, in accordance with the oracle just mentioned, crected a temple to his memory at Sigæum, and rendered him divine honours. Every year they brought thither two bulls, one white and the other black, crowned with garlands, and along with them some of the water of the Sperchius. (Gruber, Wörterb. der altclassischen Mythologie, vol. i., p. 48.) Another and still stranger tradition informs us, that Achilles survived the fall of Troy and married Helen; but others maintain that this union took place after his death, in the island of Leuce, where many of the ancient heroes lived in a separate elysium (vid Leuce). When Achilles was young, his mother asked him whether he preferred a long life spent in obscurity, or a brief existence of military glory. He decided in favour of the latter. (Compare II. 9, 410, scqq) Some ages after the Trojan war, Alexander, in the course of his march into the East, offered sacrifices on the tomb of Achilles, and expressed his admiration as well of the hero, as of the bard whom he had found to immortalize his name. (Plutarch, Vit. Alexand. 15.) —VII. Tatius, a native of Alexandrea, commonly assigned to the second or third century of the Christian era. The best critics, however, such as Huet, Chardon la Rochette, Coray, and Jacobs, make him to have flourished after the time of Heliodorus, since they have discovered in him what they consider manifest imitations of the latter writer. Nay, if it be true that Musæus, whom he has also imitated, composed his poem of Hero and Leander before 430 or 450 of our era, we must then place Achilles Tatius even as low as the middle of the 5th century. (Schoell, Hist. Litt. Gr. 6, 231.) According to Suidas, he became, towards the end of his life, a Christian and bishop. But as the lexicographer makes no mention of his episcopal see, and as Photius, who speaks in three different places of him, is silent on this head, it may be permitted us to doubt the accuracy of Suidas's statement. (Photi Bibliothec., vol. i., p. 33, ed. Bekker.-Id. ibid., p. 50.-— Id. ibid., p. 66.) Equally unworthy of reliance would appear to be another remark of the same lexicographer, that Achilles Tatius wrote a treatise on the sphere. If this were correct, we ought to put him one or two centuries earlier, inasmuch as Firmicus, a Latin writer of the middle of the fourth century, cites the "Sphere of Achilles." (Astron. 4, 10.) Suidas, however, who is not accustomed to discriminate very nicely between persons bearing the same name, here confounds ACHILLEUM, a town on the Cimmerian Bosporus, ACHILLEUS, I. a relation of Zenobia, invested with ACHIVI, properly speaking, the name of the Achæan ACHLYS. Vid. Supplement. ACICHORIUS, a general with Brennus in the expe- him with the author of the " Introduction to the Pha- - ACIDALIA, a surname of Venus, from a fountain of ACILIA, I. gens, a plebeian family of Rome, of whom ACILIUS, I. a Roman, who wrote a work in Greek with P. Corn. Scipio Nasica, A.U.C. 561, and the conqueror of Antiochus at Thermopyla. (Liv. 35, 24.—Id. 36, 19.)—V. Glabrio M., son of the preceding, a decemvir. He built a temple to Piety, in fulfilment of a vow which his father had made when fighting against Antiochus. He erected also a gilded statue (statuam auratam) to his father, the first of the kind ever seen at Rome. (Val. Max. 2, 5.-Liv. 40, 34. Compare Hase, ad loc.)-VI. A consul, A.U.C. 684, appointed to succeed Lucullus in the management of the Mithradatic war. (Cic. in Verr. 7, 61.)-VII. Aviola Manius, a lieutenant under Tiberius in Gaul, A.D. 19, and afterward consul. He was roused from a trance by the flames of the funeral pile, on which he had been laid as a corpse, but could not be rescued. (Plin. 7, 53.—Val. Mar. 1, 8.)-VIII. Son of the preceding, consul under Claudius, A.D. 54.—IX. A consul with M. Ulpian Trajanus, the subsequent emperor. He was induced to engage with wild beasts in the arena, and, proving successful, was put to death by Domitian, who was jealous of his strength. AcIRIS, now the Agri, a river of Lucania, rising near Abællinum Marsicum, and falling into the Sinus Tarentinus. Near its mouth stood Heraclea ACINDYNUS. Vid. Supplement. Acis, a Sicilian shepherd, son of Faunus and the nymph Simæthis. He gained the affections of Galatea, but his rival Polyphemus, through jealousy, crushed him to death with a fragment of rock, which he hurled upon him. Acis was changed into a stream, which retained his name. According to Servius (ad Virg. Eclog. 9, 39) it was also called Acilius. Cluverius places it about two miles distant from the modern Castello di Acci. Fazellus, however, without much reason, assigns the name of Acis to the Fiume Freddo, near Taormina. Sir Richard Hoare describes the Acis of Cluverius as a limpid though small stream. The story of Acis is given by Ovid (Met. 13, 750, seq.) ACOETES. Vid. Supplement. ACOMINATUS. Vid. Nicetas. ACONTIUS, a youth of Cea, who, when he went to Delos to sacrifice to Diana, fell in love with Cydippe, a beautiful virgin, and, being unable to obtain her, by reason of his poverty, had recourse to a stratagem. A sacred law obliged every one to fulfil whatever promise they had made in the temple of the goddess; and Acontius having procured an apple or quince, wrote on it the following words: "I swear by Diana I will wed Acontius." This he threw before her. The nurse took it up, and handed it to Cydippe, who read aloud the inscription, and then threw the apple away. After some time, when Cydippe's father was about to give her in marriage to another, she was taken ill just before the nuptial ceremony. Acontius thereupon hastened to Athens, and, the Delphic oracle having declared that the illness of Cydippe was the punishment of her perjury, the parties were united. ACORIS. Vid Supplement. ACRA, I. a village on the Cimmerian Bosporus. (Strab. p. 494.)—II. A promontory and town of Scythia Minor, now Ekerne or Cavarna. ACHEADINA, one of the five divisions of Syracuse, and deriving its name from the wild pear-trees with which it once abounded (úxpúç, a wild pear-tree). It is sometimes called the citadel of Syracuse, but incorrectly, although a strongly fortified quarter. It was very thickly inhabited, and contained many fine buildings, yielding only to Ortygia. (Laporte Du Theil, ad Strab, vol 2., p. 358, not. 3, French transl.) As regards the situation of Achradina, and its aspect in more modern times, compare Swinburn, Travels in the Two Sicilies, 3, 382 (French transl.), and Gäller, de Situ et Origine Syracusarum, p. 49, seqq. ACREA. Vid. Supplement. ACREPHNIA, a city of Boeotia, situate on Mount Pious, towards the northeast extremity of the Lake Co pais. It was founded either by Athamas, or by Acræpheus, a son of Apollo. Pausanias calls the place Acræphnium (9, 23.—Compare Steph. Byz. s. v.). ACRAGALLIDE. Vid. Crauallida. ACRAGAS, I. The Greek name of Agrigentum.-II. A river in Sicily, on which Agrigentum was situate. It gave its Greek name to the city. The modern name is San Blasio. (Mannert, 9, 2, 354.)--III. An engraver on silver, whose country and age are both uncertain. He is noticed by Pliny (33, 12, 55), who speaks of cups of his workmanship, adorned with sculptured work, preserved in the temple of Bacchus at Rhodes. His hunting pieces on cups were very famous. (Sillig, Dict. Art, s. v.) ACRATUS, a freedman of Nero, sent into Asia to plunder the temples of the gods, which commission he executed readily, being, according to Tacitus (Ann. 15, 45), "cuicumque flagitio promptus." Secundus Carinas was joined with him on this occasion, whom Lipsius (ad Tac. I. c.) suspects to be the same with the Carinas sent into exile (Dio Cassius, 59, 20) by the Emperor Caligula, for declaiming against tyrants. Compare Juvenal, 7, 204. ACRIDOPHAGI, an Ethiopian nation, who fed upon locusts. Diodorus Siculus (3, 28) says, that they never lived beyond their 40th year, and that they then perished miserably, being a1tacked by swarms of winged lice (Tεрwroì plɛipes), which issued forth from their skin. The account given of their diet is much more probable. The locust is said to be a very common and palatable food in many parts of the East, after having been dried in the sun. This is thought by some to have constituted the food of the Israelites on the occasion mentioned in Exodus (16, 14). Wesseling (ad Diod. Sic. 3, 28) is of this opinion. But the salvim of Moses evidently mean quails, as the received version has rendered the word. ACRION, a Locrian, was a Pythagorean philosopher; he is mentioned by Valerius Maximus (8, 7) under the name of Arion, which is a false reading instead of Acrion. (Cic. Fin. 5, 9.) ACRISIONEIS, a patronymic appellation given to Danaë, as daughter of Acrisius. (Virg. Æn. 7, 410, and Servius, ad loc.) ACRISIONIADES, a patronymic of Perseus, from his grandfather Acrisius. (Ovid, Met. 5, v. 70.) ACRISIUS, son of Abas, king of Argos, by Ocalea, daughter of Mantineus. He was born at the same birth as Prœtus, with whom it is said that he quarrelled even in his mother's womb. After many dissensions, Pruetus was driven from Argos. Acrisius had Danae by Eurydice, daughter of Lacedæmon; and an oracle having declared that he should lose his life by the hand of his grandson, he endeavoured to frustrate the prediction by the imprisonment of his daughter, in order to prevent her becoming a mother (vul. Danaë). His efforts failed of success, and he was eventually killed by Perseus, son of Danaë and Jupiter. Acrisius, it seems, had been attracted to Larissa by the reports which had reached him of the prowess of Perseus. At Larissa, Perseus, wishing to show his skill in throwing a quoit, killed an old man who proved to be his grandfather, whom he knew not, and thus the oracle was fulfilled. Acrisius reigned about 31 years. (Hygin. fab. 63.—Ovid, Met. 4, fab. 16.-Horat. 3, od. 16.-Apollod. 2, 2, &c.—Paus. 2, 16, &c.— Vid. Danaë, Perseus, Polydectes.) ACRITAS, a promontory of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus. (Plin. 4, 5.-Mela, 2, 3.) Now Cape Gallo. ACROATHOS, or ACROTHŎUM. The name of Acroathog properly denotes the promontory of the peninsula of Athos, now Cape Monte Santo. It is the lower one of the two, the upper one being called Nymphæum (Promontorium). By Acrothoum (or Acrothoi) is meant a town on the peninsula of Athos, situate some distance up the mountain, and of which Mela observes (2, 3), that the inhabitants were supposed to live be- | when he lived is uncertain: he is thought, however, to yond the usual time allotted to man. (Compare Thu- have been later than Servius. Acron's scholia on cyd. 4, 109.-Scylax, p. 26.—Steph. Byz. s. v. "A0ws. Horace have descended to us in part, or at least only -Strab. epit. lib. 7, 331.) a part was ever published. They are valuable on ac ACROCERAUNIA, or ACROCERAUNII Montes. Vid. Ce- count of their containing the remarks of C. Æmilius, Julius Modestus, and Q. Terentius Scaurus, the oldest commentators on Horace. Acron also wrote scholia on Terence, which are cited by Charisius, but they have not reached us. Some critics ascribe to him the scholia which we have on Persius. (Schoell, Hist. Litt. Rom. 3, 326.) raunia. ACROCORINTHUS, a high hill, overhanging the city of Corinth, on which was erected a citadel, called also by the same name. This situation was so important a one as to be styled by Philip the fetters of Greece. The fortress was surprised by Antigonus, but recovered in a brilliant manner by Aratus. (Strab. 8, 380.Paus. 2, 4.-Plut. Vit. Arat.-Stat. Theb. 7, v. 106.) "The Acrocorinthus, or Acropolis of Corinth," observes Dodwell, is one of the finest objects in ⚫ Greece, and, if properly garrisoned, would be a place of great strength and importance. It abounds with excellent water, is in most parts precipitous, and there is only one spot from which it can be annoyed with artillery. This is a pointed rock, at a few hundred yards to the southwest of it, from whence it was battered by Mohammed II. Before the introduction of artillery, it was deemed almost impregnable, and had never been taken except by treachery or surprise. Owing to its natural strength, a small number of men was deemed sufficient to garrison it; and in the time of Aratus, according to Plutarch, it was defended by 400 soldiers, 50 dogs, and as many keepers. It was surrounded with a wall by Cleomenes. It shoots up majestically from the plain to a considerable height, and forms a conspicuous object at a great distance: it is clearly seen from Athens, from which it is not less than fortyfour miles in a direct line. Strabo affirms that it is 3 1-2 stadia in perpendicular height, but that the ascent to the top is 30 stadia by the road, the circuitous inflections of which render this no extravagant computation. The Acrocorinthus contains within its walls a town and three mosques. Athenæus commends the water in the Acrocorinthus as the most salubrious in Greece. It was at this fount that Pegasus was drinking when taken by Bellerophon." (Dodwell, vol. 2, p. 187.) All modern travellers who have visited this spot, give a glowing description of the view obtained from the ridge. Consult, in particular, Clarke's Travels, vol. 6, p. 750. ACROPOLIS, in a special sense, the citadel of Athens, an account of which will be given under the article Athenæ. ACROPOLITA. Vid. Supplement. ACROTATUS, I. son of Cleomenes, king of Sparta, died before his father, leaving a son called Areus, who contended for the crown with Cleonymus his uncle, and obtained it through the suffrages of the senate. Cleonymus, in his disappointment, called in Pyrrhus of Epirus. (Paus. 3, 6-Plut. vit. Pyrrh.-Paus. 1, 13.)—II. A king of Sparta, son of Areus, and grandson of the preceding. He reigned one year. Before ascending the throne, he distinguished himself by courageously defending Sparta against Pyrrhus. (Plut. vit. Pyrrh.) ACROTHŎUM. Vid. Acroathos. ACTA or ACTE, strictly speaking, a beach or shore on which the waves break, from yw, “to break.” According to Apollodorus (Steph. B. s. v. 'AKT), the primitive name of Attica was 'Akτý (Acte), from the circumstance of two of its sides being washed by the sea. The name is also applied by Thucydides to that part of the peninsula of Athos which is below the city of Sane and including it. Besides Sane, the historian mentions five other cities as being situate upon it. (Thucyd. 4, 109.) ACTEON, a celebrated hunter, son of Aristaus and Autonoë the daughter of Cadmus. Having inadvertently, on one occasion, seen Diana bathing, he was changed by the goddess into a stag, and was hunted down and killed by his own hounds. (Ov. Met. 3, 155, seqq.) The scene of the fable is laid by the poets at Gargaphia, a fountain of Boeotia, on Mount Citharon, about a mile and a half from Platea. From a curious passage in Diodorus Siculus (4, 81), a suspicion arises, that the story of Acteon is a corruption of some earlier tradition, respecting the fate of an intruder into the mysteries of Diana. Wesseling's explanation does not appear satisfactory, although it may serve as a clew to the true one. (Wesseling, ad Diod. Sic. l. c.) ACRON, I. a king of the Caninenses, whom Romulus slew in battle, after the affair of the Sabine women. His arms were dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius, and his subjects were incorporated with the Roman people. (Plut. Vit. Rom.) Propertius styles him Caninus Acron, from the name of his city and people (4, 10, 7), and also Herculeus (4, 10, 9), from the circumstance of all the Sabine race tracing their descent from Hercules or Sancus.-II. A celebrated physician of Agrigentum in Sicily, contemporary with Empedocles (Diog. Laert. 8, 65). Plutarch speaks of his having been at Athens during the time of the great plague, which occurred B.C. 430. He aided the Athenians-Consult Siebelis, ad Paus. I. c.) on that occasion, by causing large fires to be kindled in their streets. (Plut. Is. et Os. 383.) Acron is generally regarded as the founder of the sect of Empirics or Experimentalists (Pseud. Gal. Isag. 372). As this school of medicine, however, had a much later date, it is probable that he was merely one of the class of physicians called eptodevrai, who did not confine themselves to mere theory, but went round and visited patients. His contempt for the mysterious charlatanism of Empedocles drew upon him the hatred of that philosopher. At least it is fair to suppose that this was the cause of their enmity. Acron wrote, according to Suidas, a treatise in Doric Greek, on the healing art, and another on diet. He appears also, from the words of the lexicographer, to have turned his attention in some degree to the influence of climate. (Consult Sprengel, Hist. Med. 1, 273.)—III. | Helenius Acron, an ancient commentator. The period ACTEUS, the first king of Attica, according to the ancient writers. He was succeeded by Cecrops, to whom he had given one of his daughters in marriage. (Paus. 1, 2.—Clem. Alex. 1, 321.) He is called by some Actæ on. (Strab. 397.-Harpocr. s. v. 'Aktη. ACTE, a freed woman of Asiatic origin. Suetonius (Vit. Ner. 28) informs us, that Nero, at one time, was on the point of making her his wife, having suborned certain individuals of consular rank to testify, under oath, that she was descended from Attalus. From a passage in Tacitus (Ann. 14, 2) it would appear, that Seneca introduced this female to the notice of the tyrant, in order to counteract, by her means, the dreaded ascendency of Agrippina. (Compare Dio Cass. 61, 7.) ACTIA, games renewed by Augustus in commemoration of his victory at Actium. They are also styled Ludi Actiaci by the Latin writers, and were celebrated in the suburbs of Nicopolis. Strabo makes them to have been quinquennial. Previously, however, to the battle of Actium they occurred every three years. (Strab. 7, 325.) ACTIS, one of the Heliades, or offspring of the Sun, who, according to Diodorus Siculus (5, 57), migrated from Rhodes into Egypt, founded Heliopolis, and taught the Egyptians astrology. The same writer states, that the Greeks, having lost by a deluge nearly all their memorials of previous events, became ignorant of their claim to the invention of the science in question, and allowed the Egyptians to arrogate it to themselves. Wesseling considers this a mere fable, based on the national vanity of the Greeks, who, it is well known, inverted so many of the ancient traditions, and in this case, for example, made that pass from Greece into Egypt, which came in reality from Egypt to Greece. (Wess. ad Diod. Sic. l. c.) ACTORIDES, I. a patronymic given to Patrocius, grandson of Actor (Ooid, Met. 13, fab. 1.)—II. Tho sons of Actor and Molione. (Vid. Molionides.) ACTORIUS. Vid. Supplement. ACTUARIUS. Vid. Supplement. ACULEO. Vid. Supplement. ACUMENUS. Vid. Supplement. We have only a few fragments of his work, collected by Sturz, and placed by him at the end of those of Pherecydes, published at Gera, 2d ed., 1824. ACUTICUS, M., an ancient comic writer, author of various pieces, entitled, Leones, Gemini, Bæotia, &c., and ascribed by some to Plautus. (Voss. de Poct. Lat. c. 1.) AD AQUAS, AD AQUILAS, &c., a form common to very many names of places. The Roman legions, on many occasions, when stopping or encamping in any quarter, did not find any habitation or settlement by which the place in question might be designated, and therefore selected for this purpose some natural object, or some peculiar feature in the adjacent scenery. Thus Ad Aquas indicated a spot near which there was water, or an encampment near water, &c. Another form of common occurrence is that which denotes the number of miles on any Roman road. Thus, Ad Quartum, "at the fourth mile-stone," supply lapidem. So also, Ad Quintum, Ad Decimum, &c. ACUSILAUS, a Greek historian, born at Argos, and who lived, according to Josephus (contr. Ap. 1, 2), a short time previous to the Persian invasion of Greece, being a contemporary of Cadmus of Miletus. He wrote a work entitled "Genealogies," in which he gave the origin of the principal royal lines among his ACTISANES, according to Diodorus Siculus (1, 60), countrymen. He made historic times commence with a king of Ethiopia, who conquered Egypt and de- Phoroneus, son of Inachus, and he reckoned 1020 throned Amasis. He was remarkable for his modera-years from him to the first Olympiad, or 776 B.C. tion towards his new subjects, as well as for his justice and equity. All the robbers and malefactors, too, were collected from every part of the kingdom, and, having had their noses cut off, were established in Rhinocolura, a city which he had founded for the purpose of receiving them. We must read, no doubt, with Stephens and Wesseling, in the text of Diodorus, Aut instead of 'Apacis, for the successor of Apries cannot here be meant. Who the Actisanes of Diodorus was, appears to be undetermined. According to Wesseling (ad loc.), Strabo is the only other writer that makes mention of him. (Strabo, 759.) Acrium, originally the name of a small neck of land, called also Acte ('AKT), at the entrance of the Sinus Ambracius, on which the inhabitants of Anactorium had erected a small temple in honour of Apollo. On the outer side of this same promontory was a small harbour, the usual rendezvous of vessels which did not wish to enter the bay. Scylax (p. 13) calls this harbour Acte. Thucydides, however, applies this name to the temple itself. Polybius (4, 63) makes mention of the temple, under the appellation of Actium, and speaks of it as belonging to the Acarnanians. Actium became famous, in a later age, for the decisive victory which Augustus gained in this quarter over the fleet of Mare Antony. From the accounts given of it by the Roman writers, Actium appears to have been, about the time of this battle, nothing more than a temple on a height, with a small harbour below. The conqueror beautined the sacred edifice, and very probably a number of small buildings began after this to arise in the vicinity of the temple. (Strab. 325 -Sueton. Vit. Aug. 17-Cic. ep. ad fam. 16, 9.) Hence Strabo (451) applies to it the epithet of xwpiov. It never, however, became a regular city, although an inattentive reader would be likely to form this opinion from the language of Mela (2, 3) and Pliny (4, 1). Both these writers, however, in fact, confound it with Nicopolis. There are no traces of the temple at the present day, but Poaqueville found some remains of the Hippodrome and Stadium. More within the Sinus Ambracius (Galf of Arta) lies the small village of Azio. Hence probably, according to Mannert, originated the error of D'Anville, who places Actium, in contradiction to all ancient authorities, at some distance within the ADAMANTEA, Jupiter's nurse in Crete, who susbay (Vid Nicopolis, and compare Mannert, 8, 70.—pended him in his cradle from a tree, that he might Porquerille, 3, 445.) Acrics, a surname of Apollo, from Actium, where he had a temple. (Virg. En. 8. v. 704.) ACTIUS NAVIUS. Vid. Attus Navius. ACTOR, the father of Menatius, and grandfather of Patroclus, who is hence called Actorides. The birth of Actor is by some placed in Locris, by others in Thessaly. As a Thessalian, he is said to have been the son of Myrmidon and Pisidia, the daughter of Eolus, and husband of Egina, daughter of the Asopus; and to have conceded his kingdom, on account of the rebellion of his sons, to Peleus. (Ov. Trist. 1, 9.) Consalt, on the different individuals of this name, the remarks of Heyne, ad Apollod. 3, 13. ADA, the sister of Artemisia. She married Hidrieus, her brother (such unions being allowed among the Carians), and, after the death of Artemisia, ascended the throne of Caria, and reigned seven years conjointly with her husband. On the death of Hidrieus she reigned four years longer, but was then driven from her dominions by Pixodarus, the youngest of her brothers, who had obtained the aid of the satrap Orontobates. Alexander the Great afterward restored her to her throne. She was the last queen of Caria. (Quint. Curt. 2, 8.) ADAD, an Assyrian deity, supposed to be the sun. Macrobius (Sat. 1, 23) states, that the name Adad means "One" (Unus), and that the goddess Adargatis was assigned to this deity as his spouse, the former representing the Sun, and the latter the Earth. He also mentions, that the effigy of Adad was represented with rays inclining downward, whereas they extend upward from that of Adargatis. Selden (de Dis Syris, c. 6, synt. 1) thinks that Macrobius must be in error when he makes Adad equivalent to "One," and that he must have confounded it with the word Chad, which has that meaning. ADÆUS. Vid. Supplement. be found neither on the earth, the sea, nor in heaven. To drown the infant's cries, she caused young boys to clash small brazen shields and spears as they moved around the tree. She is probably the same as Amal thea. ADAMANTIUS. Vid. Supplement. ADANA, a city of Cilicia, southeast of Tarsus, on the Sarus, or Sihon. It was at one time a large and wellknown place, and was said to have been founded by Adanus, son of Uranus and Gæa. (Steph_B.) ADDUA, now Adda, a river of Cisalpine Gaul, rising in the Rhætian Alps, traversing the Lacus Larius, and falling into the Po to the west of Cremona In the old editions of Strabo, it is termed in one passage |