The perfect is formed from the perfect active, by assuming the characteristic of the second indefinite in the place of its own; as, τετυφα, τέτυπα.

Verbs ending in a pure, only reject x; as, λɛλv××, λɛXvx, from vw, to unloose.

Et of every future is changed into ot; as, πείσω, πεποιθα: s in the penultimate of futures of two syllables is changed into o; as, σπέρω, ἔσπορα: perfect tenses active in ηκα reject nu; as, τετίμηκα, τετομα. The penultimate at of the present active, is changed into n; as, aw, Te‡nva. In like manner & in these verbs Jaλ, I flourish, snaα, κλαζω, I cry out, κεκληγα.* Ι

The pluperfect is formed from the perfect, as in the active voice: as, τέτυπα, έτετυπειν.

The second indefinite is formed from the second indefinite active, by changing on into όμην; as, ἔτυπον, ἐτυπόμην. The second future is formed from the second future active, by changing & into sal; as, TVñÕ, TUTÕμA.†

Sing. τυπᾶμαι, τυπῆ, τυπείται, D. τυπώμεθον, τυπεῖσθον, τυπεῖσθον, Ρ. τυπέμεθα, τυπεῖσθε, τυπᾶνται.

After this manner, the first future of the fourth conjugation is formed and varied.

Some verbs signify actively through all the voices; as, dia, I invest, int, I know.

Some active verbs, in certain tenses, are used as neuter or passive verbs; as, isnui, I appoint; snxe and say, I have stood; geinw, I overturn, gov, I have fallen. On the contrary, some passive and neuter verbs, in certain tenses, are used actively; as, tomat, I have made, Cow, I will quicken.

Middle verbs, for the most part, are to be taken actively, especially in the future and first indefinite. Deponents also are taken actively in all tenses of the passive voice, except the first indefinite.

* But a is sometimes preserved, especially when the change would make the perfect middle the same as the first indefinite active; as, fara.

† Edw, w, and pays do not take the circumflex on the second future; as, έδομαι, ἔδεσαι, έδεται.

Let the pupil write other verbs in the same way. For example, let him display τέρπω, λείβω, γράφω, in the first conjugation; πλέκω, λέγω, βρέχω, ὀξυσσω, in the second; ἀνυπω, σπεύδω, πείθω, φράζω, τίω, in the third, and ψάλλως νέμω, Φαίνω, σπείρω, τέμνω, in the fourth. Such exercises insure a competent acquaintance with a Greek verb.

OF THE DEPONENT VERB.

The Deponent Verb, or that which wants the active voice, forms certain tenses after the manner of the passive voice; others, after the manner of the middle. For example,

Indic. Pres. doua, I receive, Imperf. idexóun, Fut. 1. of the middle form, digouat, Indef. 1. ideauny, Perfect, of the passive form, dideyuar, Pluperfect, idedeyuny, Paulopost-fut. dedicouai, Indef. 1. idixony, Fut. 1. dexoquar. Some have a second indefinite of a middle form; as, πευθομαι, ἐπυθόμην.

Verbs, according to their voices, are thus conjugated:

Act.

Pass.

Mid. Dep.

Pres.

Γτιπιω

Fut. 1. τύψω

Perf. τέτυφα.
Ind. 2. ἐτυπην.

Fut. 1. τυψομαι

Perf. τετυπα

δέχομαι

Fut. 1. δεξομαι

Perf. δεδεγμαι.

CONTRACTED VERBS.

Verbs of the third conjugation of barytons, in -aww -ow, suffer contraction in the present and imperfect tenses; in the others they do not vary from the common forms.

In conj.

CHARACTERISTICS.

PRESENT.

-an }

2. -εω Φιλέω, I love,
3. -όω χρυσόω, I gild,

πεφίληκα.

ωσω, χρυσώσω, ωκα κεχρυσωκα.

MANNER OF CONTRACTING.

IN THE FIRST CONJUGATION.

If or a follow a, the contraction is w.

If any other vowel or diphthong follows a, the con traction is a.

IN THE SECOND CONJUGATION.

E is contracted into ; to into 8.

If a long vowel, or diphthong, follows, the contraction is made by dropping . But dissyllables of the second conjugation admit only the contraction in : other terminations are not contracted; as, πλεω, I sail, πλέεις, πλεῖς: also certain compounds.

IN THE THIRD CONJUGATION.

If worn follow o, the contraction is w. If ε, o, or & follow 0, the contraction is . If any other vowel or diphthong follow, the contraction is of; as. xguo, -ón, -oĩ: except in the infinitive is contracted into 8; as, xgvoósiv, χρυσόν.

FORMATION OF THE TENSES.

Through all the voices the formation is the same as the formation of baryton verbs; but the first future requires a long vowel before ow. Except that,

In the first conjugation, verbs which have or 1, also trisyllables which have a or ę pure, before aw, and dissyllables that have a org before aw, although a consonant precedes, form the future in aw, and perfect in axa; as, iw, I permit, iάow, ɛlaxa, yeλaw, I laugh, -aσw, -axa, xhaw, I dash, -aow, -axa. To this class add, dinaw, I vindicate, daw, I seek, &c. Also, those futures which verbs in -αννυω οι -ασκω make; as, πεταω, I open, πεταννύω, Ι unfold, deaw, I act, dideacxw, I fly, &c.

Some have -aw and -yow, especially among the poets. Sometimes is rejected from the perfect, and the penultimate is shortened; as, yeynna, yiyaa. The same happens in verbs in μ; as, snx, saa; from whence the participles most in use are, γεγαώς, born, γεγώς, ἕσαὼς, ἑςώς.

The perfect of the first conjugation, x being omitted, forms a contracted participle, which is thus varied:

Ν. γεγ -αώς, -ως, αυῖα, -ώσα, -ας, - ώς, G. αότο, το, ανίας, -ώσης, αότο, @τ@, &c.

In the second conjugation, some verbs form the future in -, and perfect in -ɛxa; as, Tλew, I perfect, &c. likewise those futures which verbs in - or -xw make. Some have - and -exe, now and nxa, especially among the poets; as, zogsw, I cleanse, and zaλew, I call, xaλnow, xaxaxa. Dissyllables in a form the future in -ʊʊw, and perfect in vxa; as, xew, I pour, λ, I sail, except dew, I bind, dnow.

In the third conjugation, primitive verbs in ow, unless they become verbs in wu, or arise from a noun, form the future and perfect by the penultimate o; as, άgów, I plough, duów, I unite, &c.

The second indefinite is formed from the imperfect, by rejecting the vowel before or; as, ἐτίμαον, ἔτιμον, ἐφίλεον, ἔφιλον.

The second future is formed like the second future of the barytons. Each of these is found only among verbs which are contracted in impure, particularly those of the second conjugation.

* And those from themes rarely used.

*

FORM OF THE CONTRACTED VERBS IN THE ACTIVE VOICE.

10-100

10-103

3-1020

8- 3013-33

70-320

8- 30-
13- 33-2
70-370-

8- 30

13- 33-2

22-320

20- 30

13- 33. 20-370

no- 3