Imper. Pres.

σέσθωσαν

FORM OF THE BARYTON VERBS IN THE PASSIVE VOICE.

So Indef. 2.

~

τυπ

-@ τῆς τῆ, &c.

* Of the

persons of the perfect and pluperfect tenses, see rule, p. 32, 33.

Infinitive Pres. τυπτ -εσθαι. Perfect τετυφθ και
Paulo post future τετυψ -εσθαι.

Indef. 2. τυπ

Fut. 2. τυφοξήσεσθαι

Participles.

Pres. τυπτόμε

Perf. τετυμμέ

Paulo post fut. τετυψόμε- νος, νη, νον ν8, νῆς, να, &c.
Fut. 1. τυφθησόμε

Fut. 2. τυπησόμε

Indef: 1. τυφοξ εἰς, εἶσα, έν εντος, είσης, έντος, &C.

2.

Participle Pres. τυπτόμενος, perf. τετυ-μμένος, paulo p. f. τετυψόμενος, indef. 1. τυφθεις, fut. 1. τυφθησόμενος, indef. 2. τυπείς, fut. 2. τυπησόμενος.

FORMATION OF THE TENSES.

The present tense is formed from the present active, by changing @ into ομαι; as, τυπίω, τυπτομαι.

The imperfect is formed from the imperfect active, by changing or into όμην; as, ἔλυπτον, ἐτυπτόμην.

The second indefinite is formed from the second indefinite active, by changing or into ny; as, ἔτυπον, ἔτυπην.

* The augment of the indefinites is applied only in the indicative.

The second future is formed from the second future active, by changing a into ήσομαι; 35, τυπῶ, τυπήσομαι. The perfect is formed from the perfect active, by changing in the

First conj. φαξ impure into μαι; as, τέτερφα, τέτεςμαι.
3 pure into μμαι; as, τέτυφα, τέτυμμαι.
2
into γμαι; as, λέλεχα, λέλεγμαι.
after into μαι; as, ήλεγχα, ἤλεγμαι.
σμαι; as, πέπεικα πεπεισμαι.

Second

ха

Third x into

Mar when the penultimate of the perfect active is long, and the characteristic of the present is a pure; as, λiana, I have washed, λέγομαι.

In the fourth xa into a; as, aλxx, I have sung, ἔψαλμα..

Some verbs in a pure form the perfect,

1. In us, when the penultimate is long: as, nuna, I have heard, ul. So, I command, zęśw, I beat, Taiw. I pay, σw, I shake, &c.

2. In a when the penultimate is short, or doubtful; as, ngona, ngoμai. So Jvw, I burn incense, Auw, I release, igaw, I see, augaw, I endeavour, &c.

3. In σμαι and μαι; 2S, κεκλεικα, I have closed, κέκλεισα μαι, and κέκλειμαι.

Dissyllables of the first conjugation, which have reɛ in the penultimate, change into a; as, seepw, I turn, sgpa, Γραμμαι.

In the second and third conjugation the penultimate εν frequently rejects e; as, πέφυγμαι, κέχυμαι.

Verbs in ava and v often form the perfect in qua; as, μιαίνω, I defile, μολύνω, I pollute, με μίασμαι, μεμολυσμαι.

THE PERSONS OF THE PERFECT.

The second person singular arises from the first, by changing the consonants which precede a into the characteristic of the first future active; as, réтvμμai, vérvfai. But only is changed after the liquid of the theme; as, τίτερμαι, τέτερψαι. In the fourth conjugation, μ is always changed into r; as, ἔσπαρμαι, ἔσπαρται.

The third person singular arises from the second, by changing into r; as, wagons, so wagtas.

The second and third persons dual, and second person plural, are formed from the third person singular, by changing the smooth mutes into the rough; as, TέTUTTαI, τέτυφθον, τετυφθει σ is assumed before t; as, κεκρι-ται, σθον.

The third person plural is formed from the third person singular, ending in a pure, by receiving before ται; as, κέκριται κέκρινται: but if the third person singular ends in a impure, the third person plural is formed by its participle and the third person plural of the verb εἰμὶ; as, τέλυπται, τετυμμένοι εἰσι. In like manner after ν of a diphthong. After this rule, for the most part, the persons of the pluperfect are formed.

The imperative takes its second person singular from the second person singular of the indicative; and the other persons from the second person plural: from which also arises the perfect infinitive: as, TETU-40, -4.9x..

The optative and subjunctive are more frequently formed by the participle, and ein, : pas pure of the indicative, is sometimes changed into in the optative; a5, λέλυμαι, λελυμένος εἴην, and λελυμην. But α, ε, o take s before u in the optative, and in the subjunctive they change the short vowel into w; as, exтaμai, ixtaipenv, έκτωμαι.

The other tenses of the passive voice are formed from the perfect passive.

The pluperfect is formed from the first person singu lar, by changing μa into μ, and prefixing e, if it begins with a consonant; as, τετυμμαι, ἐτετυμμην.

The paulo post-future is formed from the second per son singular, by placing qu before ai; as, tεtvan, te τυψομαι.

The first indefinite is formed from the third person singular, by changing * into nv; as, "x85×1, üz8oðnv• z and & before και into their rough mutes; ὤρυκται, ὤρυχθην. The repeated consonant is cast off; as, τετυπται, ἐτύφθην.

Εμνήσθην and ἐῤῥωσθην assume, and έσωθην rejects r, in the penultimate. In some it changes into ; in others it retains both; as, ipp and ppen.

n

In third persons from σua, σ is retained, r being inserted; s

πέφρασαι.

Dissyllables of the first conjugation, which, in the perfect, had changed & into a, here resume ε; as, ἔσραπται, ἐσρέφθην and those which had rejected y, here, according to the poets, resume it; as, ἐκλίνθην for ἐκλίθην.

The first future is formed from the first indefinite, by changing into σομαι, and removing the augment; as, ἔτυφθην, τυφθήσομαι. It is sometimes found in the subjunctive.*

The tenses of the middle voice are declined like the forms of the active or passive voices, according to their terminations.

FORMATION OF THE TENSES.

The present and imperfect are the same as in the passive voice.

The first future is formed from the first future active, by changing @ into ομαι; as, τύψω, τύψομαι. But in the fourth conjugation into ἅμαι; as, σπερῶ, σπερέμαι.

The first indefinite is formed from the first indefinite active, by adding μην; as, ἔτυψα, ἔτυψαμην, which is thus varied:

Indic. S. ἐτυψ -άμην, -ως '-ατο, D. άμεθον, -ασθον, άσθην, Ρ. -άμεθα, '-ασθε. '-αντο.

Imperat. S. τυψ -αι, άσθω, D. ασθον, άσθων, Ρ. -ασθε -άσθωσαν.

Optat. S. τυψ -αίμην, '-αιο, '-αιτος D. -αίμεθον, '-αισθον, -αίσθην, Ρ. -αίμεθα, αισθεί και το.

* Very rarely in the imperative; as, ἐπιζησσω, Π.Θ.

E 2