being had to their gender; as, vxags, gracious, -¿ros, a few excepted.

Many adjectives, particularly compounds and derivatives, seem to have two genders only; and are rarely found in the neuter; as, qλiλλŋv, a true Grecian: and some, one gender only; as, piλoßarıλeus, a king's friend. To this head may be referred some nouns in of the first of the simples, and their correspondent feminines in -65 of the third; as, Bonλá-rns, a herdsman, -TIS) G. 78

στίδος.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES.

Many numerals are irregular: also cardinals; as E, one, duo, two, rgis, three, &c. Sing. Nom is, uía, èr. G. ἑνὸς, μιᾶς ἑνὸς, Ο ἑνὶ, μιᾶς ἑνί. Α. ἕνα μίαν, ἓν, the rest are wanting. So also the compounds duis and undeis, which are also found in the plural.

Sing. wanting, Dual. N. A. *Avo, G. duoiv, fem. dusi, D. due. But do is of all genders, and has all cases, except the dative. Auò is rarely declined.

Dual. N. A. "Aμow, both, G. D. äμcow, of all genders: the rest are wanting.

Plur. οἱ καὶ ἁι τρεῖς καὶ τά τρία, G. τριῶν. D. τρισὶ, Α. τ8ς καὶ τὰς τρεῖς καὶ τὰ τρία

Plur. N. οἱ καὶ αἱ τέσσαρες καὶ τὰ τέσσαρα, G. τεσσάρων, D. τεσσαρσι. Α. τὰς καὶ τὰς τέσσαρας κὶ τὰ τέσσαρα.

Cardinals from four to a hundred are not declined; as wivte, five, ixató», a hundred: but after a hundred they are declined regularly; as, diaxócio, two hundred, -ai -α.

Ordinals are adjectives which exactly answer to the question, What number or order? as, agaros, first, devregos, second, reitos, third. From whence aise adjectives, referring to days; as, wewτalos, the first, &c. and these are all regular.

Numerals, signifying the increase of number, in wλóos -, suffer contraction in all their cases; as, diaλóos, twofold more, Matth. xxiii. 15, diwasg.

TO ADJECTIVES BELONG COMPARISON.

The degrees of comparison are the same as in Latin. The positive ends in ag, as, is, nv, ns, 65, k, 05,-85, US, WV. * According to the Attics duw.

⚫ Adjectives in 051 after a long* syllable form the comparative by changing into regos, and the superlative into τατος, as, σέμνος, honourable, -ότερος, -ότατος. After a short syllabie they change • into w; as, σοφὸς, wise, -ώτερος, -ώταT05. After a doubtful one they either retain or change o; 25, ἱκανὸς, -ότερος, -ότατος, and -ώτερος, -ώτατος.

But US is often changed into w and 150s; as, iug-us, wide, iw, 1505. And nouns in change of the plural into ίτερος; us, ἅρπαξ, ravenous, άρπαγες, έτερος, ίςατος.

IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.‡

1. In ; as, padi, easy, jœwv, jxs&; iniyos, a few, iniZwv, iniyı50s, &c. Some adjectives have several comparatives and superlatives, and these not unfrequently derived from different roots: those are, yadòs, good,

iodaòs, good, xuxòs, cowardly, ngòs, little.

'Ayatos

ἀμείνων ζἀγαθώτατος; 2. Παρείων άρισος, δε

*The last syllable but one that has a long vowel or a diphthong in it is always long, as wgos; so also if it have a short or doubtful vowel before a double consonant, or two consonants, as Ceμvos, vdosos; but if it have a short vowel before a single consonant the syllable is short, as uogos.

+ Omitting.

These irregular comparatives and superlatives really belong to, and may better be derived from, other words than the positives usually assigned;-thus duvav, from a intensive and Mew, to endure, aguwv, better, i. e. as Homer uses the word for more heroic in war, from Agus, Mars, agisos, the greatest general. βελτίων, βελτισος, may come from βουλομαι, to desire, or from βέλος, a dart. Kgoowv, or xgaliwv, and galisos, from xgalus, strong. Awiwy and awsos from aw, to will, &c. &c.

Rarely.

These are rather from Apns.

ω,

Some in reject o; others w, from the comparative and superlative; as, Φίλος, beloved, *φίλτερος, φίλτατος. According to the Attics many in are formed by έsegos and έσατος; others by αίτερος and αίτατος; a few by ίτερος and ίσατος.

2. In aς; 25, μέγας, great, μείζων and μάσσων, μέγισος. 3. In us; as, πολυς, many, πλείων and πλέων, πλεῖσος; besides others of different terminations.

ων,

Comparatives in , especially those which are irregular, are contracted in the accusative singular, and nominative, accusative, and vocative plural; as, πλείων, more: Sing. Ν. ὁ καὶ ἡ πλείων, το πλείον,

G. του, της, του πλείονος.

D. τω, τη τω πλείονι.

Α. τον την πλείονα, πλείσα, πλείω, το πλειον.

V. ὦ πλειον.

Dial. N. A, τω, τα, τω πλείονε.

G. D. τοιν, ταιν, τον πλειονοιν.

V. ᾧ πλειονε

Plur. Ν. οἱ, αἱ πλείονες, πλείους, πλείους, τα πλείονας

πλείοα πλείω.

G. των πλειόνων.

D τοις, ταις, τοις πλείοσι.

Α. τ8ς, τας πλείονας, πλείους, πλείους, τα πλείονα, πλειοά,

πλείω.

Γ. ὦ πλείονες, πλείους, πλείους, πλείονα, πλείοα, πλείω.

ως

Many comparatives in and wy have other comparatives; ων being changed into έτερος, 25, χειρων χειρότερος, much worse, ίων changes ., and he preceding consonant into σσ; a5, παχίων, thicker, πάσσων. [S0 κρατος, κρείσσων, for κρατίων, stronger.]

Other parts of speech‡ are also sometimes varied by

* And also φίλίων, φίλισης.

+ So also certain superlatives; as, ελάχισότερος.

A second comparative or superlative degree is sometimes formed from a first superlative, as from ελάχιστος, the least, comes ελαχιστότερος, « less than the least;” from κύδιστος, most glorious, is derived κυδιστατος, by far the most glorious. Some ad. jectives have no comparative degree, as ανθρωπινος, ανθρωπινεςατος, humane, most humane. Some have the comparative only, as αφαρτερος, more rapid, and some only the superlative as Έσχατος, the last, ύψιστος, the loftiest..

comparison, and when compared, they become adjectives; as,

1. Substantives: many neuters in, by changing & into and; as, "Alox, aloxias, airxisos, baseness, more base, most base. "Exlós, extiov, exdisos, enmity, more averse, most averse: and also, others of different genders and terminations.

2. Verbs: by changing, for the most part, w w.into τερος and τατος: as, δεύω, δεύτερος, δεύτατος, I moisten, more

wet, most wet.

3. Participles: by changing into isigos and saros; 25, ἐῤῥωμένος, έρρωμενέσερος, ερρωμενέςατος, braved, braver, bravest.

4. Pronouns: as, avròs, «vTóratos, he, his very self. 5. Adverbs: as, άvá, ává-tegos, -Tatos, high, higher, highest, &c.

6. Prepositions: as, πρὸς πρότερος, πρότατος, πρόατος, πρῶτος, fore, former, foremost. Υπερ, ὑπερθερος, ὑπεραίος, above, higher, highest.

PRONOUNS

Are either simple or compound.
Simple pronouns are,

1. Primitive: as, iyà,* I, ov, thou, &, of himself. 2. Indefinite; as, deiva,t and these have their peculiar forms of declension,

Sing. N. ἐγὼ, G, ἐμᾶ οι με, D. ἐμοὶ οτ μοι, Α. ἐμὲ οι μὲν Dual. N. A. või võ, G. D. võiv vậy.

Plur. N. ἡμεῖς, G. ἡμῶν, D. ἡμίν, Α. ἡμας, V. ἡμεῖς.

Sing. N. cù, G. GỠ, D. cõi, A. G

ev.

Dual. N. A. V. oqãi, cîã, G. D. oqãív, oQâv.

Plur. N. ὑμεῖς, G. ὑμῶν, D. ὑμῖν, Α. ὑμας, V, ὑμεῖς.
Sing. N. is wanting, G. &, Doi, A. %.

Dual. N. A. σφῶε σφε, G. D. σφοίν σφιν.

Plur. N. σφεῖς, G. σφῶν, D. σφίσι, Α. σφᾶς.

Sing. Ν. ὁ καὶ ἡ καὶ τὸ δεῖνα, G. του καὶ τῆς καὶ του δεῖνος, and masculine δείνατος, D. τῷ δεινατι, δεῖνα, δείνα, καὶ τῇ καὶ τῷ δεῖνι,

Pronouns for the most part want the vocative; when they have it, it is like the nominative.

† Aava is seldom declined at all.

Α. τὸν δεῖνα, δείνα, καὶ τὴν καὶ τὸ δεῖνα; the rest, i. e. the dual and plural, are wanting.*

3. Demonstrative; as ὗτος, ἐκεῖνος, this, he.

4. Relative; as, αὐτὸς, he, himself, with an article the same, ὅς, who.

5. Possessive; as, ἐμὸς, mine, σος, thine, ὅς, his, νωίτε gos, ours, for two, σφοίτερος, yours, for two, ἡμέτερος, ours, for more than two, ὑμέτερος, yours, for more than two, σφέτερος, theirs, for more than two.

And all these are declined after the manner of adjectives in @; as, ἐμὸς, ἐμὴ, ἐμόν, but ἐκείνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκείνο; αυτὸς, αυτή, αυτο; έτος somewhat otherwise.

Sing. Ν. έτος, άυτη, τότο, G. τέτε, ταύτης, τέτε, D. τέτῳ, ταυτῃ, τέτῳ, Α. τοτον, ταυτην, τ8το.

Dual. Ν. Α. τέτω, ταυτα, τέτω, G. D. τετοιν, ταυται»,

τέτοιν.

Plur. N. ὗτοι, νται, ταῦτα, G. τέτων, D. τέτοις, ταύταις, τέτοις, Α. τέτες, ταυτας, ταῦτα.

COMPOUND OR DEFECTIVE‡ PRONOUNS.

Εμαυ]ς) - αὐτῆς, αυτό, 1.-αυτῷ - αυτῇ -αυτῷ, Α.-αυτὸν, -αυτήν, αυτό, want the dual and plural, except ἑαυτῇ.

Σεαυτό

G.

Εαυτό

Plur. G. ἑαυτῶν οι αυτῶν, D. οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, Α. - &ς, -ὰς, &, for which are read, Plur. G. σφῶν, άντων, D. σφισιν αύτοις, Α. σφᾶς αὐτές.

VERB.

A verb is either personal or impersonal, transitive or intransitive, or neuter; as in Latin.

*

Δεινα is rarely read, unless with a preceding article. [The poets sometimes have dus, which is but a contraction of three words ὁ δε εις, this or that one.]

†The possessive pronouns are derived from the primitives, as έμος, my, fromέμου, gen. of ἐγω, ἡμέτερος, our, from ἡμεις, we,cus, thy, from συ, thou; so also ὑμετέρος, from ὑμεις, νωιτερ, from νωϊ, σφετέρος, from σφείς, &c. &c.

# These pronouns are sometimes called reciprocals, but improperly defective ones. In reciprocation the action recoils upon the agent; we cannot say εμαυτος φιλώ, σαυτος φιλεις, but εμαυτον φιλῶ, 1 love myself, σαυλον φιλεις, thou lovest thyself; the accusative pointing out the person on whom the action returns.