The Social Meaning of Modern Biology

according achieve adaptive altruism animal appeared argue attempt become behavior belief biological biologists cause century choice Christian claims concerns considered contemporary continued Crick critics cultural Darwinian Darwinism determinism direction effect efforts environment ethics evolution evolutionary example existence expression fact faith findings fitness force forms function genes genetic hopes human Huxley implications important individual intellectual interests interpretation knowledge laws leading less living Marxism material means mechanisms metaphysical mind molecular biology Monod moral myth natural selection objective offered organism origins perspective philosophical physical political popular position possible present problem programmed progress proved question reason reduced reductionism refer reflects religion religious remains reproductive response role scientific scientists seemed selfish sense serve simply social social Darwinism society sociobiology species Spencer Stent structure struggle success suggested theory thought tion traditional ultimate universal values Western Wilson writings