citantur. At occidit Saturninum Rabirius; utinam fecisset; non *supplicium deprecarer, sed præmium postularem. Etenim si Scævæ, servo Q. Crotonis qui occidit L. Saturninum, libertas data est; quod Equiti95 Rom. præmium dari par fuisset? et, si C. Marius, quòd fistulas, quibus aqua suppedibatur Jovis Optimi Maximi templis ac sedibus, præcidi imperarat, quòd in clivo Capitolino improborum civium

Desunt, ut videtur, non pauca.

a precarer ut parceretur ei.

97. Aqua suppeditabatur.] The river Anio L. Cassius Longinus, the censors. Vide was first lead into the Capitol in the year of Front. de aquæduc. the city 627, by Cneus Servilius Cæpio, and

ALEXANDER. J. TAYLOR

ALEXA DER. J. TAYLOR

M

IN

L. CATILINAM,

HABITA IN SENATU.

ARGUMENTUM.-Cum multa de hac conjuratione apud Sallustium, Plutarchum in vitâ Ciceronis, Appianum in lib. 2. de bell. civil. et Florum lib. 4. legi possint: afferam duntaxat, quæ ad rem nostram pertinent. Catilina et conjurati reliqui in domum M. Leccæ vii. Id, Novemb. nocte consequente convenerant, quâ constitutum est ut Catilina ex urbe exiret, alii remanerent cædis atque incendiorum causâ; moræ paululum sibi Catilina depoposcit, quòd Cicero Consul viveret; ad quem C. Cornelium et L. Vargunteium, Equites Romanos paulo ante lucem præmisit, qui simulatâ honoris salutatione, in lecto eum occiderent; hujus consilii per Fulviam, vilissimum scortum, factus certior, præsidiis domum munivit; quare ab ingressu prohibiti sunt. Eodem ipso die Cicero Consul in Jovis Statoris ædem Senatum convocavit, ut ad eum de totâ conjuratione, et imminenti Reipub. periculo referret. Afuit ipse Catilina, quem venientem nemo salutavit, cui nemo assedit, relictâ subselliorum parte, quam occupaverat. Cicero verò seu Catilinæ præsentiâ, seu irâ commoveretur, hanc habuit Orationem quâ eum exhortatur vehementissimè, ut cum sociis ex urbe exeat in exilium, cùm jam nihil eos in urbe delectare possit, quem omnes boni cives metuunt et odeTEMPUS.-Habita est hæc Oratio in Senatu vi. Idus Novemb. in æde Jovis Statoris, anno urbis conditæ 690. ætatis suæ quadragesimo quarto.

runt.

PARTES.-Tres sunt, Exordium Contentio, et Peroratio.

EVENTUS.-Commovit totum Senatum, et Equites qui aderant; necnon Catilinam furiosum licèt et audacem perterruit.

GENUS.-Assentior Mureto, qui contra alios bene multos Ciceronis Interpretes negat vel esse in genere judiciali, quia in Senatu judicia non exercebantur: vel in genere deliberativo; non enim deliberat Cicero, neque sententiam dicit, aut suadet quicquam, aut dissuadet; sed Catilinam exagitat, estque potius increpatio vehemens, quàm deliberatio, aut accusatio.

EXORDIUM.

Abruptum est et inflammatum à Catilinæ præsentiâ et audaciâ.

CONTENTIO.

Hanc facit quasi propositionem. Catilina debet ex urbe discedere vel in exilium, vel in castra Manlii, non jam interfici: 1. quia patet conjuratio, et totius vitæ ratio: 2. quia Catilinæ optandum esse debet ad castra Manlii proficisci: 3. quia Reipublicæ utile est eum non interfici.

I.

Q

а

UOUSQUE tandem abutêre, Catilina, a patentiâ nostrâ? quamdiu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? b quem ad finem

sese effrenata jactabit audacia? nihil-ne te nocturnum præsidium palatii, nihil urbis vigiliæ, nihil timor populi, nihil consensus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatûs locus, nihil horum ora vultusque moverunt? patere tua consilia non sentis? constrictam jam omnium horum a conscientiâ teneri conjurationem tuam non vides? quid proximâ, quid superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris? O . tempora! ô mores! Senatus hæc intelligit, consul videt: hic tamen10 vivit. Vivit imo verò etiam in Senatum venit: fit publici consilii particeps: notat et designat oculis ad cædem unumquemque nostrum. Nos autem viri fortes satisfacere reipublicæ videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus. Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci jussu consulis jampridem oportebat: in te conferri pestem istam, quam tu in nos15 omnes jamdiu machinaris. An verò vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, Tib. Gracchum mediocriter labefactantem statum reipublicæ privatus interfecit: Catilinam verò orbem terræ cæde atque incendiis vastare cupientem nos consules perferemus? nam illa nimis antiqua prætereo, quod Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Melium novis rebus20

a scientiâ,

They are said, eludere, who by ridicule bid defiance to others. Accordingly as if he should say you set us at defiance, and insult over us as if overthrown.

3. Palatii.] The Palatium was so called from Mount Palatine, where Evander and Romulus dwelt. It was the citadel in which when any tumult arose, a guard was immediately placed, because from that point it was easy to command the whole city.

4. Urbis vigilia.] Sallust relates that after the discovery of the conspiracy, the Senate decreed that patroles commanded by the inferior magistrates, should be placed through all the city.

Ib. Nihil consensus.] In many copies it is written conventus. But the meaning of both the words is the same, for all good men consentiunt et conveniunt to defend the commonwealth against the fury of Cataline.

5. Munitissimus.] It was well fortified, for the purpose of holding the Senate, which had convened in the capitol in the temple of Jupiter Stator, and not in the senate chamber.

Ib. Horum ora vultusque moverunt.] He should have feared the Senators, and not have so rashly come into their presence; for they were so indignant at Cataline, that no one saluted him as he came into the Senate, but all left the seats on that part of the house on which he sat, that they might not sit with the enemy of their country.

6. Constrictam.] That is, your conspira cy is so manifest to all, that it can escape no one entirely. A metaphor taken from a beast caught and thrown down in the

toils.

8. Quid proximâ nocte.] Cataline had met

b

b affectantem regnum.

with the other conspirators in the house of M. Porcius Lecca

Ib. Superiore nocte.] On the night before

the last.

Ib. Convocaveris.] He had assembled the accomplices of his sedition to deliberate about killing Cicero and making war upon their country.

11. Fit publici consli particeps.] Cicero endeavours to increase their indignation, because Cataline had not come into the Senate to inquire or seek for any thing, but to participate in the counsels which the Senate might take.

13. Nos autem viri fortes.] This is wrong, for Cataline should have been long since slain by us.

14. Tela.] He intends every kind of ar mour which was to be used in overturning the state.

Ib. Ad mortem.] A proposition in which he affirms that Cataline should be put to death for an example to others.

16. An vero.] An argument by comparison, from the less to the greater.

Ib. P. Scipio. Scipio Nasica, who according to Livy, lib. 49. was judged by the Senate to be one of the best men, he was the son of Scipio the Censor, who built a portico in the Capitol.

17. Tib. Gracchum.] Tiberius Gracchus by his liberality in giving away his corn, excited suspicion against himself of aspiring to the kingdom, and was slain by Scipio.

18. Privatus.] He is called a private person who has no command, such as the Priests, common criers, and other inferior magistrates. Vide Arist. 4. Polit.

20. Servilius Ahala.] When the Roman

a

studentem manu sua occidit. Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac republica virtus, ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum, quàm acerbissimum hostem coërcerent. Habemus enim senatus consultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave: non deest reipublicæ consilium, 25neque auctoritas hujus ordinis: nos, nos, dico apertè consules desumus. Decrevit quondam Senatus, ut L. Opimius Cos. videret, ne quid respublica detrimenti caperet:nox nulla intercessit; interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspiciones C. Gracchus, clarissimo patre natus, avis, Majoribus: occisus est cum liberis M. Fulvius, 30consularis. Simili senatusconsulto, C. Mario et L. Valerio Coss. permissa est respub. num unum diem postea L. Saturninum tribunumpleb. et C. Servilium Prætorem mors ac reipub. pœna remorata est? At nos vigesimum jam diem patimur hebescere aciem horum auctoritatis; habemus enim hujusmodi senatusconsultum, verumtamen in35clusum in tabulis, tanquam gladium in vagina reconditum: quo ex senatusconsulto confestim interfectum te esse, Catilina, convenit. Vivis, et vivis non ad deponendam, sed ad confirmandam audaciam. II. Cupio, P. C. me esse clementem: cupio in tantis reipublicæ periculis non dissolutum videri: sed jam me ipsum inertiæ nequiti

d

people were hard pressed by famine, and Sp. Melius distributed corn among them, he was suspected of aspiring after the kingdom. Servilius a master of horse, with the power of Dictator, slew him, not obeying his summons in the year of the city 315. Vide Livium lib. 4.

23. Senatus consultum.] Sallust says concerning this. "When these things were told to Cicero, he was in doubt, and could not determine what should be done, he however reported the matter to the Senate, which decreed that the consuls should take care that the commonwealth should receive no detriment. Caius Antonius and Cicero being consuls. It gave them power to restrain the soldiers and allies, and to exercise the supreme command, which authority was on other occasions granted by the people. Plutarch in his life of Cicero says that this decree of the Senate was passed after C. Cornelius and L. Vargunteius had attempted to kill Cicero in his own house, as he will afterwards declare.

24. Reipub. consilium.] By which council power was given to the Senate to make this decree.

26. L. Opimius.] L. Opimius was consul with Q. Fabius Maximus in the year of the city 633.

28. C. Gracchus.] C. Gracchus was the son of T. Sempronius Gracchus, who was twice consul and triumphed over the Cel

tebrians.

29. Avis Majoribus.] The Gracchi became illustrious through the great glory of

c nunquid interfecti sunt in eodem die?

the things which they did in the republic. Tiberius Gracchus was the founder of this name, from whom the two Tiberiuses sprung illustrious for the glory of their consulship and victories. To the latter of these Tiberius and Caius were born, from Cornelia the daughter of Africanus the elder, in whom the most powerful minds and the greatest eloquence were combined. But when each of them being a tribune of the people, had published the agrarian law, he was slain; Tiberius by Scipio Nasica in the capitol, Caius by Opimius on Mount Aventinus.

Ib. M. Fulvius.] M. Fulvius was a companion and participator with Caius Gracchus in this sedition, wherefore by a decree of the Senate, he with his two sons was slain by Opimius, his house was overturned and confiscated, on which Catulus afterwards erected a portico.

31. L. Saturninum et C. Servilium Præ torem.] These two having killed a Senator in a tumult were declared enemies by the Senate, which commanded Marius to bring them to justice. The consul armed with dictatorial power attacked them in the ca. pitol, and obliged them with all their fol. lowers to surrender, after which they were stoned by the mob before they were brought to a trial, in the year 634.

33. Vigesimum jam diem.] Cicero complains that they were slain on the very day on which the decree was given, and that a like decree was passed against Cataline twenty days since, and had not yet been executed.

b

æque condemno. Castra sunt in Italia contra rempubl. in Etruriæ faucibus collocata: crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus: eorum autem imperatorem castrorum ducemque hostium intra moenia, 5 atque adeo in Senatu videmus, intestinam aliquam quotidie perniciem reipublicæ molientem. Si te jam, Catilina, comprehendi, si interfici jussero, credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non hoc potius omnes boni serius à me, quàm quisquam crudelius factum esse dicant. Verum ego hoc, quod jampridem factum esse oportuit, certâ de cau-10sâ nondum adducor, ut faciam; tum denique interficiere, cum jam nemo tam improbus, tam perditus, tam tui similis inveniri poterit, qui id non jure factum esse fateatur. Quamdiu quisquam

е

erit, qui te defendere audeat, vives: et vives ita, ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis præsidiis obsessus, ne commovere te contral5 rempublicam possis; multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient. Etenim quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius expectes, si neque nox tenebris obscurare, cœtus nefarios, nec privata domus parietibus continere voces conjurationis tuæ potest? si illustrantur, si erum-20 punt omnia? muta jam istam mentem: mihi crede: obliviscere cædis, atque incendiorum; teneris undique: luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia omnia, quæ etiam mecum licet recognoscas. Meministine, me ante diem xii. Kalend. Novemb. dicere in senatu, certo die fore in armis, qui dies futurus esset in ante diem VIII. Kal. Novemb.25 C. Manlium audaciæ satellitem atque administrum tuæ ? num me fefellit, Catilina, non modò res tanta, tam atrox, tam incredibilis, verum id quod multo magis est admirandum, dies? Dixi ego idem in Senatu, cædem te optimatum contulisse in ante diem v. Kal. No

a aditu. f destinasse.

f

b parantem. c cogitantem.

3. Castra sunt.] Cn. Manilius had an army at Fæsuli near Florentia which he had collected from the old soldiers of Sylla, in whose camp he had served.

4. Eorum imperatorem.] Cataline was the commander of that army, in the camp of which Manilius the Prætor was.

8. Credo erit.] This is irony, the same word is often used by Cicero.

Ib. Omnes boni.] By good men he means the sincere lovers of their country who sought its welfare. The meaning, therefore is, should I order him to be put to death, no good citizen would charge me with cruelty, but would rather say that I should have done it sooner.

15. Præsidiis obsessus.] That is sur rounded, for Cicero had many and strong guards, both from the free towns of Italy, and from the city which were placed in them to oppose the attacks of Cataline.

24. Ante diem XII. Kal.] In Priscianus lib. 18. it is read tertium et tertio Kal. vel Kalendarum, which belongs to that day which was to be the first of the assembly of the consular comitia. Cut when Cicero on the day before had made known to the

Senate the designs of Cataline, it was decreed that the comitia should not be held on the last day, that the Senate might deliberate concerning these things. For otherwise the Senate could not meet on that day. That is, as Plutarch says, on the next, which was the very day of the comitia, Cicero in full Senate attacks Cataline. On which occasion it was decreed that the consuls should take care that the republic received no injury. Since therefore Asconius says that this oration was spoken on the eighteenth day after the republic was committed to the care of the consuls, it will appear that it was in reality spoken on the sixth of the ides of November.

27. Num me fefellit.] Cicero here intimates to Cataline that he was perfectly ac quainted with all his designs. But according to Sallust he received his intelligence from Fulvia, whom Curius a conspirator of Senatorian rank loved, and to whom he had disclosed all the counsels of the con. spiracy.

29. Ante diem.] That is on the day be fore that day on which the comitia were to assemble, nevertheless Sallust says, C.