critics (according to Quintilian, 10, 1) cited his Thebais as a work worthy of being compared with the poems of Homer, and of terminating the list of epic poems of the first class. They extolled the grandeur of his ideas and the energy of his style, but they confessed, at the same time, that he was deficient in elegance and grace. Antimachus was also the author of an elegy entitled Lyde, which the ancients regarded as a chef-d'œuvre. It is now entirely lost. The Anthology has preserved for us one of his epigrams. The fragments of Antimachus have been collected and published by Schellenberg, under the title "Antimachi Colophoni fragmenta, nunc primum conquisita," &c., Hala, 1786, 8vo. (Scholl, Hist. Lt. Gr., vol. 1, p. 245, and 2, p. 126.)-II. A Trojan whom Paris bribed to oppose the restoring of Helen to Menelaus and Ulysses, who had come as ambassadors to recover her. He recommended to put them to death. His sons, Hippolochus and Pisander, were killed by Agamemnon. (., 11, 122, seqq.) ANTINOEIA, annual sacrifices and quinquennial games in honour of Antinous, instituted by the Emperor Hadrian at Mantinea, where Antinous was worshipped as a divinity. They were celebrated also at Argos. (Potter, Gr. Antiq., vol. 1, p. 424.) ANTINOOPOLIS or ANTINOE, a town of Egypt, built in honour of Antinous, opposite Hermopolis Magna, on the eastern bank of the Nile. It was previously an obscure place called Besa, but became a magnificent city. (Vid. Antinous.) It is now called Ensené, and a revered sepulchre has also caused it to receive the name of Shek-Abadé. (Ammian. Marcellin., 19, 12. Dio Cass., 69, 11.-Spartian., Vit. Hadr., 14. -Description de l'Egypte, vol. 4, p. 197, seqq.) Antakia, and has suffered severely by a ate earthquake. At the distance of four or five miles below was a celebrated grove called Daphne; whence, for the sake of distinction, it has been called Antiochia near Daphne, or Antiochia Epidaphnes ('AvrióXEIA ʼn pòs Auovηv. Hierocl. Synecdem, p. 711.-Plin., 5, 21.—Antiochia Epidaphnes, vid. Daphne).—II. A city of Lycaonia, near the northern confines of Pisidia, sometimes called Antiochia of Pisidia ('AVTIÓXEIC Ilodias). According to Strabo, it was founded by a colony from Magnesia, on the Mæander. This probably took place under the auspices of Antiochus, from whom the place derived its name. It became, under the Romans, the chief city of their province of Pisidia, which extended farther to the north than Pisidia proper. (Hierocles, p. 672.)-III. A city of Cilicia Trachea, situate on a rocky projection of the coast termed Cragus, whence the place, for distinction' sake, was called 'Avτióxεia En Kpayo. (Strabo, 669.) The Byzantine writers call it the Isaurian Antiochia. Hierocles makes mention of it (Synecdem, p. 708), as also the writers on the Crusades, under the name of Antioceta. (Sanuti, secreta fidelium, l. 2, p. 4, c. 26. Mannert, vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 84.)-IV. A city at the foot of Mount Taurus, in Comagene, a province of Syria. (Mannert, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 497.)-V. A city of Caria, on the river Mæander, where that stream was joined by the Orsinus or Massinus. (Plin., 5, 29.) Steph. Byz. states, that it was founded by Antiochus, son of Seleucus, in honour of his mother. It had been previously called Pythopolis. The environs abounded in fruit of every kind, but especially in the fig called "triphylla." The ancient site corresponds with Jenisher. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 2, p. 209.)—VI. A city of Cilicia Trachea, in the district of Lamotis. (Ptol., p. 129.) ANTIOCHIS, I. the name of the mother of Antiochus, the son of Seleucus.-II. A tribe of Athens. ANTINOUS, I. a youth of Bithynia, of whom the Emperor Hadrian was so extremely fond, that at his death he erected temples to him, established a priesthood for the new divinity, built a city in honour of him (vid. Antinoopolis), and caused a constellation in the ANTIOCHUS, I. surnamed Soter, was the eldest son heavens to be called by his name. According to one of Seleucus, the first king of Syria and Babylonia. account, Antinous was drowned in the Nile, while He succeeded his father B.C. 280. When still young, another and more correct statement gives the occasion he fell into a lingering disease, which none of his faof his death as follows: Hadrian, consulting an oracle ther's physicians could cure for some time, till it was at Besa, was informed that he was threatened with discovered that his pulse was more irregular than usual great danger, unless a person that was dear to him when Stratonice, his stepmother, entered his room, was immolated for his preservation. Upon hearing and that love for her was the cause of his illness. this, Antinous threw himself from a rock into the Nile, This was told to the father, who willingly gave Stratas an offering for the safety of the emperor, who built onice to save a son on whom he founded all his hopes. Antinoopolis on the spot. Nor was this all. The When Antiochus came to the throne, he displayed, at artists of the empire were ordered to immortalize by the head of his forces, talents worthy of his sire, and their skill the grief of the monarch and the memory gained many battles over the Bithynians, Macedonians, of his favourite. Painters and statuaries vied with and Galatians. He attacked also Ptolemy Philadel each other, and some of the master-pieces of the lat-phus, king of Egypt, at the instigation of Magas, who ter have descended to our own times. The absurd and disgusting conduct of Hadrian needs no comment. -II. A native of Ithaca, son of Eupeithes, and one of Penelope's suiters. He was brutal and cruel in his manners, and was the first of the suiters that was slain by Ulysses on his return. (Od., 22, 8, &c.) had revolted against this prince, but without success. He failed also in an expedition which he undertook after the death of Phileterus, king of Pergamus, with a view of seizing on his kingdom, and he was vanquished near Sardis by Eumenes, the successor of that prince. He returned after this to Antioch, and ANTIOCHIA, I. a city of Syria, once the third city died not long subsequently, having occupied the throne of the world for beauty, greatness, and population. for nineteen years. He was called Soter (Ewrnp) or It was built by Seleucus Nicator, in memory of his Preserver," for having preserved his subjects from father Antiochus, on the river. Orontes, about 20 miles an irruption of the Galatians or Gauls, whom he defrom its mouth, and was equidistant from Constanti-feated in battle. His successor was Antiochus Theos. nople and Alexandria, being about 700 miles from each. Here the disciples of our Saviour were first called Christians, and the chief patriarch of Asia resided. It was afterward known by the name of Tetrapolis, being divided, as it were, into four cities, each having its separate wall, besides a common one enclosing all. The first was built by Seleucus Nicator, the second by those who repaired thither on its being made the capital of the Syro-Macedonian empire, the third by Seleucus Callinicus, and the fourth by Antiochus Epiphanes. (Strabo, 750.-Compare Manvert, vol. 6, part 1, p. 468, seqq.) It is now called (Justin, 17, 2, &c.)—II. Son of Antiochus Soter, and surnamed Theos (Oɛór), "God," by the Milesians, because he put to death their tyrant Timarchus. He succeeded his father B.C. 261, and at the instigation of his sister Apamea, the widow of Magas, renewed the war with Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt. He was as unsuccessful, however, as his father had been; and, being compelled to sue for peace, only obtained it on condition of repudiating his wife Laodice, and espousing Berenice the sister of Ptolemy. The male issue, moreover, of this latter marriage were to inherit the crown. It was during this war that he lost all his provinces beyond the Euphrates by a revolt of the provinces, and he had also to pay a yearly tribute of Parthians and Bactrians. Ptolemy dying two years 2000 talents. His revenues being insufficient for this after this, Antiochus repudiated Berenice and restored heavy demand, he attempted to plunder the treasures Laodice. The latter, resolving to secure the succes- of the temple of Belus in Susiana; but the inhabitants sion to her son, poisoned Antiochus and suborned Ar- of the country were so irritated at this sacrilege, that temon, whose features were similar to his, to represent they slew him, together with his escort, B.C. 187. He him as king. Artemon, subservient to her will, pre- had reigned thirty-six years. In his character of king, tended to be indisposed, and, as king, recommended Antiochus was humane and liberal, the patron of learnto them Seleucus, surnamed Callinicus, son of Laodice, ing, and the friend of merit. He had three sons, as his successor. After this ridiculous imposture, it Seleucus Philopater, Antiochus Epiphanes, and Demewas made public that the king had died a natural death, trius. The first succeeded him, and the two others and Laodice placed her son on the throne, and de- were kept as hostages by the Romans. (Justin, 31 et spatched Berenice and her son, B.C. 246. (Justin, 27, 32.—Liv., 34, 59.—Flor., 2, 1.--Appian, Bell. Syr.) 1.-Appian.)-III. Surnamed Hierax (lépas), "bird-V. Surnamed Epiphanes, or Illustrious, was king of of prey," son of Antiochus Theos and Laodice, was Syria after the death of his brother Seleucus Philopathe brother of Seleucus Callinicus. From his early ter, having ascended the throne 175 B.C. He was the years this prince was devoured by ambition. In order fourth of the name, and was surnamed Epiphanes to attain to power, no crime or evil act deterred him; ('Eripavic), "the Illustrious," and reigned eleven his thirst for rule, as well as his wicked and turbulent years. Taking advantage of the infancy of Ptolemy spirit, obtained for him the appellation, so characteristic Philometor, he seized upon Cœlosyria, and even penof his movements, which we have mentioned above. etrated into Egypt, where he took Memphis, and obUnder pretext of aiding his brother against Ptolemy tained possession of the person of the young king, Euergetes, he attempted to dethrone him. Seleucus whom he kept prisoner for many years. The guardihaving marched against him for the purpose of coun- ans of the young Ptolemy, however, having applied teracting his ambitious designs, Hierax defeated him for aid to the Romans, the senate sent Popilius Lænas near Ancyra. He could not, however, derive any ad- unto Epiphanes, who compelled him to renounce his' vantage from this victory, since the Gauls, who formed conquests and set the Egyptian monarch at liberty. the principal part of his army, revolted and declared The Jews having revolted during the reign of Epiphthemselves independent; and it was only by paying anes, he marched against Jerusalem, deposed the higha large sum of money that Hierax could save his life. priest Onias, profaned the temple by sacrifices to JuEumenes, king of Pergamus, took advantage of this piter Olympius, plundered all the sacred vessels, and circumstance to rid himself of an unquiet and trouble- slaughtered, it is said, 80,000 inhabitants of this illsome neighbour. He attacked Hierax, defeated him, fated city. After this he proceeded into Persia, and, and compelled him to take refuge with his brother-in while traversing Elymais, wished to plunder the temlaw Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia. Ariarathes soon ples that were there; but the inhabitants having rebecame tired of him, and formed the design of putting volted, he was compelled to retreat to Babylon. There him to death; but Hierax, informed of his design, fled he learned that the Jews, commanded by Matathias into Egypt. He was thrown into prison by Ptolemy, and Judas Maccabæus, had gained several victories and perished a few years after in attempting to make over the generals whom he had left in Judæa. Transhis escape.-IV. The Great, as he was surnamed, was ported with fury at the intelligence, he assembled a the third of the name that actually reigned, and the son new army, and swore to destroy Jerusalem; but, at the of Seleucus Ceraunus, and succeeded his father 223 moment of his departure, he fell from his chariot, was B.C. He passed the first years of his reign in regu- subsequently seized with a disgusting malady, and lating the affairs of his kingdom, and in bringing back died in the most agonizing sufferings. The Persians to their duty several of his officers who had made them- attributed the manner of his death to his impious enselves independent. Desirous after this of regaining terprise against the temple of Elymais; the Jews saw Syria, which had been wrested from Seleucus Callini- in it the anger of Heaven, for his having profaned the cus by Ptolemy Euergetes of Egypt, he was met at temple of Jerusalem. He died B.C. 164. Epiphanes Raphia and defeated by Ptolemy Philopater, 218 B.C., was not without some good qualities. He was genand was compelled to surrender the whole of his con- erous, loved the arts, and displayed considerable abilquests in Syria which he had thus far made. He was ity in the wars in which he was engaged; but his more successful, however, in Upper Asia, where he re- vices and follies tarnished his character. (Justin, 34, covered possession of Media, and made treaties with the 5.-Macchab., 1, 1, &c.)-VI. Eupator, son of the kings of Parthia and Bactria, who agreed to aid him in preceding (from ev and Tarp, "born of an illustrious regaining other of his former provinces, if their respect- sire"), succeeded to the throne at the age of nine years. ive kingdoms were secured to them. He crossed over The generals of this prince continued the war against also into India, and renewed his alliance with the king the Jews, and Jerusalem was on the point of becoming, of that country. After the death of Philopater, he re- for the second time, the prey of the Syrians, when sumed his plans of conquest, and Ptolemy Epiphanes Demetrius Soter, the cousin-german of Eupator, by a being yet quite young, he seized upon the whole of sudden invasion, seized upon the capital of Syria. Syria. He granted, however, peace to Ptolemy, and The generals of Eupator made peace with the Jews, even gave him his daughter Cleopatra in marriage, and marched against Demetrius; but the soldiers, with Syria for her dowry. Antiochus then turned his ashamed of serving a mere child, went over to the inarms against the cities of Asia Minor and Greece; but vader, who put Eupator to death after a reign of about these cities having implored the aid of Rome, the sen- eighteen months.--VII. (the sixth of the name) Son ate sent to Antiochus to summon him to surrender of Alexander Bala, took the surname of Theos ("God"), his conquests. Excited, however, by Hannibal, to claiming descent, like his father, from Antiochus Theos whom he had given an asylum, he took no notice of already mentioned. To this surname he afterward this order, and a war ensued. The plan, however, added that of Epiphanes ("the_illustrious"). Demewhich Hannibal traced out for him, was not followed. trius Nicator having disbanded his army, and being Defeated at Thermopyla by Glabrio, he fled into Asia, entirely without apprehension of any foe, Tryphon took where a second and more complete defeat, by Scipio advantage of this, and having brought Antiochus from Asiaticus, at Magnesia, compelled him to sue for Arabia, still young in years, caused him to be propeace, which he obtained only on the hardest condi- claimed king, about 144 B.C. The attempt succeedtions. He was obliged to retire beyond Mount Taurus. ed. Demetrius was defeated, and Antiochus ascendAll his territories on this side of Taurus became Romaned the throne. He reigned, however, only in name Heyne, de Fontibus Hist. Diod. vol. 1, p. lxxxv. The actual monarch was Tryphon, who had him put to| death at the end of about two years, and caused himself to be proclaimed in his stead. (Justin, 36, 1.)VIII. Surnamed Sidetes (Etdηrns), "the hunter," son of Demetrius Soter, ascended the throne 139 B.C. He drove from Syria the usurper Tryphon, made war on the Jews, besieged Jerusalem, and compelled it to pay a tribute. He then marched against Phraates, king of Parthia, who menaced his kingdom, gained three victories over him, and obtained possession of Babylon. The following year he was vanquished in turn by the Parthian king, and lost his life in the conflict. He was a prince of many virtues, but he tarnished all by his habits of intemperance.-IX. The eighth of the name, surnamed Grypus (Tрvóc) from his aquiline nose, was son of Demetrius Nicanor and Cleopatra. He was raised to the throne B.C. 123, to the prejudice of his brothers, by the intrigues of his mother, who hoped to reign in his name. When he was declared king, the throne of Syria was occupied by Alexander Zebinas. He marched against this impostor, defeated, and put him to death. He then married Tryphena, daughter of Ptolemy Euergetes II., which ensured peaceable relations between Syria and Egypt. After having for some time yielded to the authority of his mother, he resolved at last to reign in his own name, a step which nearly cost him his life. His mother prepared a poisoned draught for her son, but, being suspected by him, was compelled to drink it herself. A bloody war soon after broke out between this prince and Antiochus the Cyzicenian, his brother, in which the latter compelled Grypus to cede to him Colosyria. They thus reigned conjointly for some time. Grypus was at last assassinated by one of his subjects, B.C. 96. (Justin, 39, 1. Joseph., Ant. Jud.)-X. Surnamed Cyzicenus, from his having been brought up in the city of Cyzicus, was the ninth of the name. He was son of Antiochus Sidetes, and succeeded his brother Grypus, after having reigned over Colosyria, which he had previously compelled his brother to yield to him. He was a dissolute and indolent prince, and possessed of considerable mechanical talent. His nephew Seleucus, son of Grypus, dethroned him, B.Ĉ. 95.-XI. The tenth of the name, ironically surnamed Pius, because he married Selena, the wife of his father and of his uncle. He was the son of Antiochus IX., and he expelled Seleucus, the son of Grypus, from Syria; but he could not prevent two other sons of Grypus, namely, Philip and Demetrius, from seizing on a part of Syria. He perished soon after by their hands. (Appian. -Joseph., Ant. Jud., 13, 21.)—After his death, the kingdom of Syria was torn to pieces by the factions of the royal family or usurpers, who, under a good or false title, under the name of Antiochus or his relations, established themselves for a little time either as sovereigns of Syria, or Damascus, or other dependant provinces. At last Antiochus, surnamed Asiaticus, the son of Antiochus the ninth, was restored to his paternal throne by the influence of Lucullus, the Roman general, on the expulsion of Tigranes, king of Armenia, from the Syrian dominions; but four years after, Pompey deposed him, and observed that he who hid himself while a usurper-Justin, 2, 4.) at upon his throne, ought not to be a king. From ANTIPAROS, a small island in the Egean, ranked that time, B.C. 65, Syria became a Roman province, by Artemidorus among the Cyclades, but excluded and the race of Antiochus was extinguished.-There from them by Strabo (10, p. 484, ed. Casaub.). It were also other individuals of the same name, among whom the most deserving of mention are the following: I. A native of Syracuse, descended from an ancient monarch of the Sicani. He wrote a history of Sicily, which was brought down to the 98th Olympiad, and which Diodorus Siculus cites among the sources whence he derived aid for his compilation. He composed also what appears to have been a very curious history of Italy, some fragments of which are preserved by Dionysius of Halicarnassus. (Compare ANTIOPE, I. a daughter of Nycteus, who was a son of Neptune and king of Thebes, received the addresses of Jupiter, the god having appeared to her under the form of a satyr. Terrified at the threats of her father, on the consequences of her fault becoming apparent, Antiope fled to Sicyon, where she married Epopeus. Nycteus, out of grief, put an end to himself, having previously charged his brother Lycus to punish Epopeus and Antiope. Lycus accordingly marched an army against Sicyon, took it, slew Epopeus, and ied away Antiope captive. On the way to Thebes, she brought forth twins at Eleuthera. The unhappy babes were exposed on a mountain; but a shepherd having found them, reared them both, calling the one Zethus, the other Amphion. The former devoted himself to the care of cattle, while Amphion passed his time in the cultivation of music, having been presented with a lyre by Mercury. Meanwhile, Lycus had put Antiope in bonds, and she was treated with the utmost cruelty by him and his wife Dirce. But her chains became loosed of themselves, and she fled to the dwelling of her sons in search of shelter and protection. Having recognised her, they resolved to avenge her wrongs. Accordingly, they attacked and slew Lycus, and ty ing Dirce by the hair to a wild bull, let the animal drag her until she was dead. (Vid. Dirce, Amphion, Zethus.-Apollod., 3, 5. - Keightley's Mythology, p. 299.) II. A queen of the Amazons. According to one account, Hercules, having taken her prisoner, gave her to Theseus as a reward of his valour. The more common tradition, however, made her to have been taken captive and carried off by Theseus himself, when he made an expedition with his own fleet against the Amazonian race. She is also called Hippolyta. Justin says that Hercules gave Hippolyta to Theseus, and kept Antiope for himself. (Plut., Vit. Thes., 27. lay opposite to Paros, and was separated from this latter island, according to Heraclides of Pontus (Steph. Byz., s. v. 'Qhiapoç), by a strait eighteen stadia wide. The same writer affirms (Plin., H. N., 4, 12), that it had been colonized by Sidonians. Its more ancient name was Oliarus. It is now Antiparo. This island is famed for its grotto, which is of great depth, and was believed by the ancient Greeks to communicate, beneath the waters, with some of the neighbouring islands. His ANTIPATRIA, a town of Illyricum, on the borders of Macedonia. It was taken and sacked by L. Apustius, a Roman officer detached by the consul Sulpicius to ravage the territory of Philip, in the breaking out of the war against that prince. (Liv., 31, 27.) ANTIPATER, I. son of Iolaus, a Macedonian, was | A native of Tarsus, the disciple and successor of Diofirst an officer under Philip, and was afterward raised genes the Babylonian, in the Stoic school. He flourto the rank of a general under Alexander the Great. ished about 80 B.C., and is applauded by both Cicero When the latter invaded Asia, Antipater was appoint- and Seneca as an able supporter of that sect. ed governor of Macedonia; and in this station he serv-chief opponent was Carneades. (Cic., de Off., 3, 12. ed his prince with the greatest fidelity. He reduced-Sen., Ep., 92.)-V. A native of Cyrene, and one of the Spartans, who had formed a confederacy against the Cyrenaic sect. He was a disciple of the first the Macedonians; and, having thus secured the tran- Aristippus, and the preceptor of Epitimides. — VI. A quillity of Greece, he marched into Asia, with a pow- philosopher of Tyre, who wrote a work on Duty. He erful reinforcement for Alexander. After that mon- is supposed to have been of the Stoic sect. Cicero arch's death, the government of Macedonia and of the (de Orat., 3, 50) speaks of him as an improvisator. other European provinces was allotted to Antipater. Crassus, into whose mouth the Roman orator puts this He was soon involved in a severe contest with the remark, might have known the poet when he was Grecian states; was defeated by the Athenians, who quæstor in Macedonia, the same year in which Cicero came against him with an army of 30,000 men and a was born (106 B.C.). Pliny relates (7, 51) that he fleet of 200 ships, and was closely besieged in Lamia, had every year a fever on the day of his birth, and a town of Thessaly. But Leosthenes, the Athenian that, without ever experiencing any other complaint, commander, having been mortally wounded under the he attained to a very advanced age. Some of his walls of the city, and Antipater having received as- epigrams remain, the greater part of which fall under sistance from Craterus, his son-in-law, the fortune of the class of epitaphs (EπTíμlia). Boivin (Mem. de the war was completely changed. The Athenians l'Acad. des Inscr., &c., vol. 3) states, that the epiwere routed at Cranon, and compelled to submit at grams of this poet are written in the Doric dialect; discretion. They were allowed to retain their rights the remark, however, is an incorrect one, since some and privileges, but were obliged to deliver up the oraare in Ionic. (Schöll, Hist. Lit. Gr., vol. 4, p. 45.)-tors Demosthenes and Hyperides, who had instigated VII. A poet of Thessalonica, who flourished towards the war, and to receive a Macedonian garrison into the the end of the last century preceding the Christian Munychia Antipater was equally successful in re- era. We have thirty-six of his epigrams remaining. ducing the other states of Greece, who were making -VIII. A native of Hierapolis. He was the secrea noble struggle for their freedom; but he settled their tary of Septimius Severus, and Præfect of Bithynia. respective governments with much moderation. In He was the preceptor also of Caracalla and Geta, and conjunction with Craterus, he was the first who at reproached the former with the murder of his brother. tempted to control the growing power of Perdiccas ; and after the death of that commander he was invested with all his authority. He exercised this jurisdiction over the other governors with unusual fidelity, integrity, and impartiality, and died in the 80th year of his age, B.C. 319. At his death, he left his son Cassander in a subordinate station; appointed Polysperchon his own immediate successor; and recommended him to the other generals as the fittest person to preside in their councils. Antipater received a learned education, and was the friend and disciple of Aristotle. He appears to have possessed very eminent abilities, and was peculiarly distinguished for his vigilance and fidelity in every trust. It was a saying of Philip, father of Alexander, “I have slept soundly, for Antipater has been awake." (Justin, 11, 12, 13, &c.-Diod., 17, 18, &c.)-II. The Idumæan, was the father of Herod the Great, and was the second son of Antipas, governor of Idumæa. He embraced the party of Hyrcanus against Aristobulus, and took a very active part in the contest between the two brothers respecting the office of high-priest in Judæa. Aristobulus at first, however, succeeded; but when Pompey had deposed him and restored Hyrcanus to the pontifical dignity, Antipater soon became the chief director of affairs in Judæa, ingratiated himself with the Romans, and used every effort to aggrandize his own family. He gave very effectual aid to Cæsar in the Alexandrean war, and the latter, in return, made him a Roman citizen and procurator of Judæa. In this latter capacity he exerted himself to restore the ancient Jewish form of government, but was cut off by a conspiracy, the brother of the high-priest having been bribed to give him a cup of poisoned wine. Josephus makes him to have been distinguished for piety, justice, and love of country. (Joseph., Ant. Jud., 14, 3.)-III. A son of Cassander, ascended the throne of Macedonia B.C. 298. He disputed the crown with his brother Philip IV., and caused his mother Thessalonica to be put to death for favouring Philip's side. The two brothers, however, reigned conjointly, notwithstanding this, for three years, when they were dethroned by Demetrius Poliorcetes. Antipater thereupon retired to the court of Lysimachus, his father-inlaw, where he ended his days. (Justin, 26, 1.)—IV. ANTIPATRIS, or CAPHAKSABA, a town of Palestine, situate in Samaria, near the coast, southeast of Apollonias. It was rebuilt by Herod the Great, and called Antipatris, in honour of his father Antipater. (Joseph., B. J., 16, 1, 4.-Id., Ant., 16, 5, and 3, 15.) The city still existed, though in a dilapidated state, in the time of Theophanes (8th century). Its site is at present unknown: the modern Arsuf does not coincide with this place, but rather with Apollonias. (Mannert, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 271, segg.) ANTIPHANES, I. a comic poet of Rhodes, Smyrna, or Carystus, was born B.C. 408, of parents in the low condition of slaves. This most prolific writer (he is said to have composed upward of three hundred dramas), notwithstanding the meanness of his origin, was so popular in Athens, that on his decease a decree was passed to remove his remains from Chios to that city, where they were interred with public honours. (Suidas, s. v. — Theatre of the Greeks, 2d ed., p. 183.) — II. A statuary of Argos, the pupil of Pericletus, one of those who had studied under Polycletus. He flourished about 400 B.C. Several works of this artist are mentioned by Pausanias (10, 9). He formed statues of the Dioscuri and other heroes; and he made also a brazen horse, in imitation of the horse said to have been constructed by the Greeks before Troy. The inhabitants of Argos sent it as a present to Delphi. Other imitations performed by this artist are enumerated by Heyne. (Excurs., 3, ad Æn., 11. Sillig, Dict. Art., s. v.)-III. A poet of Macedonia, nine of whose epigrams are preserved in the Anthology. He flourished between 100 B.C. and the reign of Augustus. (Consult Jacobs, Catal. Poet. Epig., s. v.) ANTIPHATES, a king of the Læstrygones, descended from Lamus. Ulysses, returning from Troy, came upon his coasts, and sent three men to examine the country. Antiphates devoured one of them, and pursued the others, and sunk the fleet of Ulysses with stones, except the ship in which the hero himself was (Od., 10, 81, seqq.) ANTIPHILI (OPPIDUM), a town and harbour, according to Ptolemy, on the Sinus Arabicus, in Egyptus Inferior. Others, however, place it in Ethiopia, to the north of Saba. (Bisch. und Möll., Worterb., &c., 3. v.) ANTIHILUS, I. a painter born in Egypt, and mentioned by Quintilian (12, 10) as possessing the greatest readiness in his profession, and compared by many to the most eminent artists, Apelles, Protogenes, and Lysippus. He is twice alluded to in Pliny, with an enumeration of his most remarkable productions (35, 10 and 11). One of his pictures represented a boy blowing the fire, with the effect of the light on the boy's countenance and the surrounding objects strikingly delineated. The subject of another and very famous piece was a satyr, arrayed in a panther's skin. He flourished during the ages of Alexander the Great and Ptolemy I. of Egypt. This makes him a contemporary of Apelles, whom, according to Lucian, he endeavoured to rival. (Sillig, Dict. Art., s. v.)-II. An architect, whose age and country are uncertain. In connexion with Pothæus and Megacles, he constructed, at Olympia, for the Carthaginians, a repository for their presents. (Pausan., 6, 19.-Sillig, Dict. Art., s. v.) work of Antiphon's on the Rhetorical Art, Texvn pnтopikn, and they remark that it was the oldest work of the kind; which means merely that Antiphon, as has already been remarked, was the first that applied the art in question to the business of the bar. They make mention also of thirty-five, and even sixty, of his discourses, that is, discourses held before the assembly of the people (2óyot dunyópikot); judiciary discourses (dikavikoi), &c. We have fifteen harangues of Antiphon remaining, which are all of the class termed by Hermogenes óyot póvikot, that is, having reference to criminal proceedings. Twelve of them, however, are rather to be regarded as so many studies, than discourses actually completed and pronounced. Hermogenes passes the following judgment upon Antiphon : "He is clear in his expositions, true in his delineation of sentiment, faithful to nature, and, consequently, persuasive; but he possesses not these qualities to the extent to which they were carried by the orators who came after him. His diction, though often swelling, is nevertheless polished: in general, it wants vivacity and energy." The remains of Antiphon are given in Reiske's edition of the Greek Orators, in that of Bekker, Berol., 1823, 5 vols. 8vo. and in that of Dobson, Lond., 1828, 16 vols. 8vo. ANTIPHON, I. a tragic poet, who lived at the court Three of his discourses, 1. Karnyopia papuakɛias, of Dionysius the elder, and was eventually put to death κατὰ τῆς μητρυίας : 2. Περὶ τοῦ Ἡρώδου φόνου : 3. by the tyrant. Aristotle cites his Meleager, Androm-IIɛpì Toù xоpεvrou, deserve the attention of scholars, ache, and Jason. II. A native of Attica, born at as giving an idea of the form of proceeding in Athens Rhamnus about 479 B.C. (Compare Spaan, de An- in criminal prosecutions. (Schöll, Hist. Lit. Gr., vol. tiphont., Lugd. Bat., 1765, 4to, and Ruhnken, Dis- 2, p. 202, seqq.)-II. A sophist of Athens. Plutarch sert. de Antiph.-Orat. Gr., ed. Reiske, vol. 7, p. 795) and Photius, in speaking of the conversation which He was the son of the orator Sophilus, who was also Socrates had with this individual, and of which Xenohis preceptor in the rhetorical art. He was a pupil phon (Mem. Socr., 1, 6) has preserved an account, also of Gorgias. According to the ancient writers, confound him with the orator of the same name. he was himself the inventor of rhetoric. Their mean- Hermogenes ascribes to him a work on truth (πɛpi ing, however, in making this assertion, is simply as 'Aλncías), of which Suidas cites a fragment (s. v. follows: Before his time, the Sicilian school had 'Adenroc), wherein the sophist speaks of the Deity. taught and practised the art of speaking; but Anti-(Schöll, Hist. Lit. Gr., vol. 2, p. 332.) phon was the first who knew how to apply this art to judiciary eloquence, and to matters that were treated before the assemblies of the people. Thus, Hermogenes (de Form. Or., 2, p. 498) says, that he was the inventor τοῦ τύπου πολιτικού. Antiphon exercised his art with great success, and gave instructions also in a school of rhetoric which he opened, and in which Thucydides formed himself. If reliance is to be placed on the statement of Photius, Antiphon put up over ANTIRRHIUM, a promontory of Etolia, so called the entrance, of his abode the following inscription: from its being opposite to Rhium, another point of "Here consolation is given to the afflicted." He Achaia. It was sometimes surnamed Molycricum, composed, for many, speeches to be delivered by ac- from its vicinity to the town of Molycrium (Thucyd., cused persons, which the latter got by heart; and also 2, 86), and was also called Rhium Ætolicum (Polyb., harangues for demagogues. This practice, which he 5, 94). Here the Crissæan, or, as Scylax terms it, was the first to follow, exposed him to the satire of the Delphic, Gulf properly commenced. (Peripl., p. the poets of the day. He himself only spoke once in 14.) Thucydides states that the interval between the public, and this was for the purpose of defending him- two capes was barely seven stadia; the geographer self against a charge of treason. Antiphon, during just quoted says ten stadia. The narrowness of the the Peloponnesian war, frequently commanded bodies strait rendered this point of great importance for the of Athenian troops; he equipped, also, at his own ex-passage of troops to and from Etolia and the Pelo pense, sixty triremes. He had, moreover, the prin- ponnesus. (Polyb., 4, 10 and 19.) On Antirrhium cipal share in the revolution which established at was a temple sacred to Neptune. The Turkish forAthens the government of the four hundred, of which tress, which now occupies the site of Antirrhium, is he was a member. During the short duration of this known by the name of Roumelia. (Gell's Itiner., P. oligarchy, Antiphon was sent to Sparta for the pur- 293.) pose of negotiating a piece. The ill-success of this embassy overthrew the government at home, and Antiphon was accused of treason and condemned to death. According to another account, given by Photius (Biblioth., 2, p. 486, ed. Bekker), which, however, is wholly incorrect, Antiphon was put to death by Dionysius of Syracuse, either for having criticised the tragedies of the tyrant, or else for having hazarded an unlucky bonmot in his presence. Some one having asked Antiphon what was the best kind of brass, he replied, that of which the statues of Harmodius and Aristogiton were made.-The ancient writers cite a ANTIPHUS, brother of Ctymenus, and son of Ganyctor the Naupactian. He and Ctymenus slew the poet Hesiod, for a supposed connivance in an outrage perpetrated upon their sister. (Vid. Hesiodus.) ANTIPOLIS, a city of Gaul, on the coast of the Mediterranean, southeast of the river Varus, built and colonized by the Massilians. It is now Antibes. (Strabo, 180.-Id. ibid., p. 184.) ANTISSA, a city of Lesbos, between the promontory Sigeum and Methymne. Having offended the Romans, it was depopulated by Labeo, and the inhabitants were removed to Methymne. It was afterward rebuilt, and is supposed to have been insulated by an arm of the sea from the rest of the island. Hence the name Antissa, it being opposite to Lesbos, whose more ancient name was Issa. (Plin., 5, 31.—Id., 2, 91.— Liv., 45, 31.-Lycophron, v. 219.-Eustath. ad Hom., Il., 2, 129.) ANTISTHENES, an Athenian philosopher, founder of the Cynic sect, born about 420 B.C., of a Phrygian or |