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Experimental Engineering. -: A Treatise on the Methods and Machines Used in ... W C Popplewell,W W Pullen Podgląd niedostępny - 2014 |
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adjusted apparatus attached boiler pressure brake strap British thermal units calibrated calorimeter cent centre cock coil combustion compound locomotive compression condenser connected constant cord Corliss engine crank curve cut-off cylinder diagrams in Fig diagrams taken diameter disc dotted drum dryness fraction dynamometer equation exhaust expansion figure fixed flue friction galvanometer gauge horse power horse-power hour indicator diagram instrument latent heat length lever low-pressure mean effective pressure measured Mechanical mechanical efficiency mercury column Messrs motion obtained oscillation paper pencil piston rod position pounds Professor pulley pump quantity reading reducing gear represents resistance revolutions per minute rope rotate round scale screw shaft shown in Fig slide speed spindle spring square inch steam consumption steam line stroke superheat tank temperature tension thermometer throttling tracing arm tracing point tube valve vertical volume weight wheel wire zero
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Strona 470 - Superheating should be determined by means of a thermometer placed in a mercury well inserted in the steam pipe. The degree of superheating should be taken as the difference between the reading of the thermometer for superheated steam and the readings of the same thermometer for saturated steam at the same pressure as determined by a special experiment, and not by reference to steam tables.
Strona 471 - S refer to the proportions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulphur respectively, as determined by the ultimate analysis.* It is desirable that a proximate analysis should be made, thereby determining the relative proportions of volatile matter and fixed carbon. These proportions furnish an indication of the leading characteristics of the fuel, and serve to fix the class to which it belongs. As an additional indication of the characteristics of the fuel, the specific gravity should be determined....
Strona 69 - The number of British thermal units required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of a substance 1° F.
Strona 466 - If the water is metered after it passes the injector, its temperature should be taken at the point where it leaves the injector. If the quantity is determined before it goes to the injector the temperature should be determined on the suction side of the injector, and if no change of temperature occurs other than that due to the injector, the temperature thus determined is properly that of the feed-water. When the temperature changes between the injector and the boiler, as by the use of a heater or...
Strona 470 - From this sample two one-quart, air-tight glass preserving jars, or other 'air-tight vessels which will prevent the escape of moisture from the sample, are to be promptly filled, and these samples are to be kept for subsequent determinations of moisture and of heating value and for chemical analyses. During the process of quartering, when the sample has been reduced to about 100 pounds, a quarter to a half of it may be taken for an approximate determination of moisture.
Strona 471 - XIX. Smoke Observations. — It is desirable to have a uniform system of determining and recording the quantity of smoke produced where bituminous coal is used. The system commonly employed is to express the degree of smokiness by means of percentages dependent upon the judgment of the observer. The committee does not place much value upon a percentage method, because it depends so largely upon the personal element ; but if this method is used, it is desirable...
Strona 470 - ... hours, and then weighing it. The determination of moisture thus made is believed to be approximately accurate for anthracite and semi-bituminous coals, and also for Pittsburg or Youghiogheny coal ; but it cannot be relied upon for coals mined west of Pittsburg, or for other coals containing inherent moisture. For these latter coals it is important that a more accurate method be adopted.
Strona 467 - ... cleaned ; note the amount of coal left on the grate as nearly as it can be estimated ; note the pressure of steam and the height of the water...
Strona 468 - The coal should be weighed and delivered to the fireman in equal proportions, each sufficient for not more than one hour's run, and a fresh portion should not be delivered until the previous one has all been fired. The time required to consume each portion should be noted, the time being recorded at the instance of firing the last of each portion.
Strona 467 - ... conditions of the boiler and furnace in all respects should be, as nearly as possible, the same at the end as at the beginning of the test. The steam pressure should be the same; the water level the same; the fire upon the grates should be the same in quantity and condition; and the walls, flues, etc., should be of the same temperature. Two methods of obtaining the desired equality of conditions of the fire may be used, viz.: those which were called in the Code of 1885 " the standard method "...