kifs and then replace it on the Altar. Neither the Text nor the Choir should be incensed, nor at any time when "Credo" is not said (ante, p. 336).

The Deacon fhould then, after embracing the Subdeacon, having received the Peace from the Priest, carry it to the Choir by thofe Two of the Second form next to him, who should impart it to the rest.

In all other Ferials in the year the Service will be the fame, with the following exceptions:

"Alleluya" should never be fung from Septuagefima to Easter, but, as mentioned above, a Tract should be fung instead of the Sequence on all Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays in Lent, and on all Ember Saturdays except that in the week of Pentecoft.

The Deacon and Subdeacon fhould, in Ferials, always wear Dalmatics and Tunicles, except in Advent and from Septuagefima to Eafter, when they should wear Chafubles or Tippets; and except in Vigils and Ember days when they ought to wear Albes only.

On the Vigil of Christmas and on Wednesday in Ember Seasons, an Acolyte, whilft the Orifon before the Epiftle is being read, fhould advance to the step of the Choir to read the Leffon (if any) before the Epistle in an Albe. If it be Sunday, this Leffon fhould be read in the Ambo or Pulpit with its Title. The Epiftle fhould immediately follow. On every Wednesday in Ember Seasons, an Acolyte should read the Leffon in like manner, but "The Lord be with you" fhould precede, and a Chant follow, as alfo on these Saturdays before the Epiftle. On all Ember Saturdays should always be read Three Leffons, generally before the Epiftle, with a Gradale or Refponfory following each, confifting of an Antiphon with a Verse and Refponfe. The laft Refponfory is fometimes a Tract (diftinct from the Tract after the Epistle). Each of these Refponfories is followed by an Orifon, read by the Priest (diftinct from the Collect for the Day). On these occafions the First and Second Leffons should be read each by an Acolyte in a Surplice, the Third by a Clerk. The First and Second Refponfory fhould be fung each by an Acolyte, the Third by two Clerks of the Second rank in Surplices. On these days the Tract after the Epiftle fhould be fung in like manner, as before mentioned, by Two of the Second rank, in their ordinary dress of Black Copes, at the step into the Choir. On Ember Saturday of Pentecost, there are Five of these Leffons, the last of them being read from the Ambo. There is no Tract; but at the end of each Leffon "Alleluya" should be fung in like manner, and by like perfons, refponded to by a Verfe, and ending again with "Alleluya." The laft "Alleluya" however, fhould be fung by two Clerks of the highest rank in Silk Copes in the Pulpit or Ambo.

Throughout Eaftertide when it is the Ferial Service, after the Epistle the firft "Alleluya " should be fung by one Boy in a Surplice at the step into the Choir, on that fide where the Choir is on that day; the second Alleluya by another Boy on the oppofite fide, in a fimilar drefs and place.

Throughout the whole of Lent the Mafs fhould be deferred till after None, on account of the Faft.

[According to the printed Miffalia of the fifteenth century, on every Ferial, when it is the Ferial Service, Proftration takes place by the whole Choir (except from Eafter Day up to the First Sunday after Trinity, when no proftrations are made), immediately after "Sanctus" up to "Pax Domini" "The Peace of the Lord" &c.

From the First Sunday after the Epiphany up to Maundy Thursday, and from the First Sunday after Trinity up to the Vigil of the Nativity, should be said the following Prayers in all Ferials and Feafts of Three Leffons and Octaves wherein the Choir has no Rulers, between the "Per omnia fecula feculorum, Amen,' which follows the "Paternofter " and the "Pax Domini." Thus Pfalm (78, 79), "Deus venerunt" "O God, the Heathen" &c., "Gloria Patri." Pfalm (66, 67), "Deus Mifereatur" "God be merciful unto us" &c., "Gloria Patri." Pfalm (20, 21), "Gloria Patri." Antiphon, "Tua eft potentia" "Thine is the Power" &c., "Lord have Mercy" &c., "Our Father." All without note by Prieft, Minifters, Clerks, Choir, and people. Then should follow by the Priest with note "Lead us not ""But deliver" &c., "Refurgat Deus" "Let God arife, and let his enemies be scattered: Let them alfo that hate Him flee before Him." "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us but unto Thy Name give the glory." "Let us pray for the Afflicted and Captives." "Deliver Ifrael, O God: Out of all his troubles." "Send them help, O Lord from Thy Holy Place: And defend them out of Sion." "Be unto us, O Lord, a tower of ftrength: From the face of the enemy." "O Lord, fave the King :" "And hear us in the day when we call upon Thee." "O Lord, hear my Prayer:' "And let my cry come unto Thee." "The Lord be with you." "And with thy fpirit." "Let us pray." "O God, Who doft with wonderful Providence difpofe all things, we fuppliantly entreat Thee that the earth which Thine only begotten Son confecrated with His Own Blood, Thou, delivering it from the enemies of the Crofs of Christ, mayeft reftore to Chriftian Worship, mercifully directing the vows of the faithful who prefs for its deliverance into the way of eternal Peace." "Rule, we beseech Thee, O Lord, Thy Servant our Pontiff; and the blessed ever Virgin Mary with all Thy Saints interceding, multiply the gifts of Thy Grace upon him, fo that he may be freed from all offences, and not be deftitute of temporal help, and may rejoice in everlasting inftitutions." "Grant, we befeech Thee, Almighty God, to Thy Servant our King health of mind and of body, that, adhering to good works, he may ever deserve to be defended by the protection of Thy might. Through the Same our Lord Jefus Chrift," &c.

Then let "Pax Domini" follow.]

On Ferials the "Agnus Dei " should only be faid or fung once.

2. As to Ferials in Lent.

On the Monday of the First Week in Lent at Mattins, all the Croffes and Images and Relics, and other Ornaments, including the Fonts, the Coronæ, and the Books which had figures on them, and the Vessel or Tabernacle containing the Eucharift (See ante, p. 16), fhould, according to all the English

Confuetudinaries and Ufes, be completely covered up until Mattins on Easter Day. These coverings or "Pepla " were of Linen or Cloth, and ought to be white, afh-coloured, or of fome fombre hue, and marked with Croffes or other penitential Emblems. From and after Compline on the Saturday preceding the First Sunday in Lent, up to Wednesday before Easter, in the Presbytery, between the Choir and the Principal Altar, fhould be fufpended a Veil, which should be kept down during the whole of Lent in Ferials, when the Action is of the Ferial as well at the Mafs as at Mattins and at the other Hours of the Day, except when the Gofpel is read, for then it is raised and kept elevated until the Prieft fays, "Orate Fratres," "Pray, Brethren" (i.e. the "Secreta"), when it should be let down again, and remain fo, even in the Elevation, to the end. [According, however, to the Harleian MS. 1001, when the Priest said, "Humiliate Capita veftra" (perhaps the Benediction of the Bishop), it be raised again, and remain fo till the end of the Mafs.]

If, however, on the morrow, a Feaft of Nine Leffons (e.g. the Annunciation) followed, it should not thus be let down again till the next Ferial Mattins; and if, on the Feast itself, the Mass of the Faft is faid, then the Veil fhould be kept down to the beginning of the Gofpel, but no longer. [The Harleian MS. 1001 adds, "In these Ferials in Lent, when the Action is Ferial, all the Epiftles at the Mafs fhould be read in the Presbytery between the Choir and the Veil, except thofe from the Prophets (e.g. on the Ember Days), which are read between the Veil and the Altar."]

On the Wednesday before Easter, whilft the Paffion of the Lord is read, the Veil fhould be hanging in its place as ufual; but at the uttering of the Claufe, "The Veil of the Temple was rent in twain," the aforefaid Veil should be let fall in the Area of the Prefbytery (Jee Appendix 111.), and not again be raised. The fame ufage is detailed, totidem verbis, by John of Avranches (Migne 48), or the Veil was torn in twain (ibid. n. 171.). also in the Wells and Exeter Confuetudinaries, in the Hereford Missale, and in the "Ordo Senenfis."

So

As to the Materials of this Lenten Veil, fee ante, 94. There was a fimilar Veil used alfo for covering over the Sepulchre on Good Friday. Bells should be founded for the Mafs on Maundy Thursday; but from that time they should be wholly filent up to the "Gloria in Excelfis" in the Vigil of Easter (Jee poft, Appendix III.).

3. In Double Feafts.

The Office for Christmas Day is the pattern of all the other Offices for Principal Double Feasts, with certain exceptions and variations.

On Christmas Day, from the very earliest times on record, Three Maffes were always celebrated, the First of which began about ten o'clock on the preceding Evening, and was called "The Mafs in the Cock-crowing." This

fhould always be fung by the Bishop, if prefent, or, if abfent, by the Chief Dignitary of the Church after Mattins and "Te Deum" finished, and generally be conducted after the manner of a Sunday Mass.

The Second Mafs, called that "In Aurora," should be celebrated after the manner of ordinary Sundays without Advent, "Cum fummo Mane,” i.e. at the earliest dawn of day; " Incipiente diluculo" fays the Ancient Rouen Ordinal, in all parish Churches; in Cathedral and Collegiate Churches after Lauds, by a Priest named by the Bishop, or by the next in order of the dignitaries to him who had faid the firft Mafs [fuch as the Chancellor]. One of the Second form fhould read the Leffon before the Epiftle at the Lectern in a Surplice; then the Epiftle fhould immediately follow. The Deacon going to the Pulpit to read the Gospel should receive Benediction from the Bishop, and returning after the Gospel read, the Deacon should first incense the Bishop, and then hold out to him the open Book to kiss.

The Third Mafs, called that " In Die" fhould be celebrated by the Bishop or next in order of dignity to him, in the fame manner as the first, except the Proceffion.

The First Mass, called that of the Cock-crowing, is to be introduced thus, in a manner peculiar to Christmas night.

The Choir and Mattin Service ended, the Deacon, along with the Subdeacon bearing the Gofpels, with two Thuriblers and Cerofers before him, and an Acolyte going firft and carrying a Cross, all vested in Dalmatics and Tunicles, after receiving Benediction from the officiating Priest who is in his Stall or from the Bishop, fhould walk down the middle of the Choir to the Gospel Ambo or Pulpit, and there the Deacon fhould read a Gofpel, thus, "The Lord be with you." R. "And with thy fpirit.' "Here beginneth the Holy Gospel according to Matthew." R. "Glory be to Thee O Lord." "The Book of the Generation of Jesus Christ" &c.

This being finished, the officiating Priest should, in his stall, vested in a filk Cope, begin with a loud voice "Te Deum laudamus." And let the Deacon with his Proceffion return to the Altar in the fame order in which they

came.

Immediately after this let the Rulers of the Choir begin the as ufual.

proper Introit

On this Day (fo on Eafter Day and Pentecoft) there fhould be Four Rulers of the Choir. The Two of fuperior rank fhould be ftationed on the Decanal fide, and in front of the rest of the Choir, the Precentor between them; Two of fecondary rank on the other fide. On these days the Choir itself should be stationed on the Decanal fide (ante, p. 314).

On Christmas Day (as all the Confuetudinaries and Miffalia agree) the Deacon or Deacons, Subdeacon or Subdeacons, as well as the Acolyte or Acolytes and Servers who minifter at the Altar or Credence, should wear Dalmatics and Tunicles. "Gloria in excelfis" fhould be fung as in all

Principal Double Feafts. The Leffon before the Epiftle is an adaptation of the Prophecies of Isaiah as to the Nativity; it was prefaced by "Laudes Deo dicam" "I will fing Praise to the Lord for ever more" &c. Then alternately "A Leffon from Efaias the Prophet: In which the Nativity of Chrift is plainly fhewn forth: Thus faith the Lord, Father, Son, and Holy Ghoft" &c. "The people who fate in darkness" &c. This should be fung by Two or Four Clerks of the Second rank in Copes of filk, in the Pulpitum or Gospel Ambo, they repeating the Verses alternately, the laft Verfe "Ab Ortu folis" "From the rifing of the Sun" &c. being Jung by both or all four together. Where there was no chanting a fhort Leffon was read from Isaiah II. v. 11-15, "The people" &c.

In this Ambo too fhould the Epiftle be read, following immediately without any interval. Three Clerks of the Second rank, also in filken Copes, fhould fing the Gradale at the steps; and "Alleluya" should be folemnly fung with organ and other mufical accompaniments by Three or Four Clerks of the highest order fimilarly vefted, in the fame place, with its Verse.

If the Bishop Celebrate, which if he does not the Dean fhould, or the Precentor, or the highest in Dignity after him, all the Minifters fhould come down into the Choir (except the principal Deacon and Subdeacon) and fing the Profe or Sequence in the midst of the Choir, (ante p. 330), and should remain there in due order along with the Rulers of the Choir until the Deacon return back from the Ambo from reading the first Gospel.

Whilft the Deacon (if the Bishop celebrate this fhould be the principal Deacon) is reciting the Gofpel, the Cross-bearer fhould hold the Crofs at his right hand, the face of the Crucifix being turned towards him. The Gospel being finished, if the Bishop celebrate, all the other Deacons and Subdeacons fhould return with the principal Deacon to the Altar thus :-Crofs, Cerofers, Thuriblers, Subdeacons, the principal Subdeacon laft, carrying back the Gospel, with a Subdeacon on each fide of him; laftly, the Deacons in fimilar order ["and in this very fame order should they precede the Bishop on his entering in to perform the Mass", Exeter.] So if the Bishop be present, and if the Choir is to be incenfed, there should be two Texts and two Thuriblers, one on each fide.

If the Bishop do not celebrate one of the two Texts fhould be carried round by an Acolyte inftead of the Subdeacon. On the Precentor's fide the Precentor is to be incenfed first, then the Principal Rulers, then the Secondary Rulers, and so on.

In Giving the Peace on this day the Deacon fhould firft embrace the Principal Subdeacon, who fhall impart it to the other Deacons' and Subdeacons' Affiftants. Then the Deacon fhould kifs the two Secondary Rulers, who should then embrace the Precentor and his two Principal Rulers, who stand one on each fide of him. Then these two Principal Rulers should carry the Peace round in the Dean and Precentor's neighbourhood respectively,