Constable of Dover Castle, and Warden of the Cinque Ports: he died without issue in the year 1416, being slain in France, fighting under King Henry V., when this castle devolved on his cousin, Sir John Fitz-Alan, commonly called Sir John Arundel, who, on exhibiting a petition in Parliament (see our Note, Page 307,) that he might be accepted there in his proper place, and in all public councils, as his ancestors, the Earls of Arundel, had been, was forthwith restored to the family honours. He remained long engaged victoriously in the war in Normandy, but at length his leg was broken by a culverine, he was made prisoner, and died at Beauvais in France, and was succeeded by his son Humphrey, who also died before he had completed his majority. The castle and honour then came to William Fitz-Alan, (Constable of Dover Castle, and Warden of the Cinque Ports,) the younger brother of Sir John.

His son was Thomas Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers, Earl of Arundel; he was succeeded by his son, Sir William Arundel, Lord Maltravers, Earl of Arundel. When Henry VIII. dissolved the monasteries, he obtruded in some cases their lands upon the nobility, in exchange for some of the paternal possessions of the nobles. Thus the Earl of Arundel surrendered to the king eight manors and four woods in Sussex, for Michelham Priory and its demesnes, five manors in Kent, and seven

manors in Sussex, belonging to Lewes Priory. He died in 1543. His son Henry, Earl of Arundel, was General and Field Marshal for Henry VIII. at the siege of Boulogne. He was Constable for the days of coronation of Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. He is said, on returning from abroad in 1568, to have introduced the use of coaches into England. His son Henry died at Brussels before him; his daughters-Joan married John, Lord Lumley, and Mary married Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. (His epitaph is seen in Arundel church.) The castle and earldom were carried to the Howards, in which illustrious family they have remained to the present time.

The Fitz-Alans, Earls of Arundel, were also styled Earls of Sussex. The title of Earl of Sussex was discontinued for a considerable period after the extinction of the Fitz-Alans, and was in course of time granted to the Ratcliffs.

Sussex has now the distinction of giving title to the King's brother, the Duke of Sussex, a prince who confers no slight honour upon his duchy of Sussex, by his suavity and courtesy to all ranks, and his patriotic love of the people; this gentleness of disposition in a person of princely station, is rewarded with the approbation and admiration of mankind, and always merits the public confidence.

The noble family of Howard, possessing in the

number of its ancient and honourable titles that of the Earldom of Arundel, and having in later times made the Castle of Arundel its principal residence, although its chief title is from another county, claims our notice in this place.

THE EARLS AND DUKES OF NORFOLK.

RALPH, a Norman follower of William I., was appointed by him governor of the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridge, and was afterwards removed from that station for disaffection.

The family of Bigod acquired the Earldom of Norfolk in the time of King Stephen. Hugo Bigod had the third penny of Norfolk; Earl Hugh died 27th Henry II.; when Earl Roger, his son, succeeded, he obtained a new creation charter of Richard I. His son, Earl Hugh Bigod, married Maud (Matilda,) co-heiress of William Marshall, (the elder) Earl of Pembroke; and in her right he was Earl Marshal of England. Their son, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and Marshal of England, died through strains and over-exertion in a tournaHis brother, Hugh Bigod, Lord Chief Justice, was slain in 1264, at the battle of Lewes.

ment.

Roger, son of the Lord Chief Justice, succeeded

to his uncle, and was Earl of Norfolk, and Marshal of England. He gave offence to King Edward I., and was commanded to pass over his honours and the chief part of his estates to the King, for the advantage of Thomas de Brotherton, second son of Edward I. and Margaret, sister of Philip le Bel, King of France. This deed he perfected in 1301, retaining the titles of Earl and of Marshal, with the income of 2000l. to his death, and died without issue. If he had left issue it was covenanted that the whole possession should be restored to them. To the Bigods, succeeded accordingly Prince Thomas Plantagenet (de Brotherton,) who was created by Edward II., his brother, Earl of Norfolk and Earl Marshal. His daughter, Margaret, Lady Marshal and Countess of Norfolk, married John, Lord Segrave; she was created Duchess of Norfolk by King Richard II. Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, grandson of the Duchess Margaret by her daughter, was created, at the same time, Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal of England. Henry, Earl of Hereford, accused him of seditious language uttered against the king, and the expected trial by duel, betwixt the two earls, was prevented by a herald at the lists, pronouncing, by the king's command, a sentence of exile against Henry of Lancaster for ten years, and the Duke of Norfolk for life. Mowbray died at Venice, but this arbitrary intervention as

to the established judicial appeal, cost Richard II. his crown, and afterwards his life; for Henry, Earl of Hereford, sirnamed Bolingbroke, being impatient of banishment, gave the reins to his ambition, and shortly afterwards mounted the throne, as King Henry IV. This event dispelled all prospect of Mowbray's recal, and proved also fatal to his son, Thomas, Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham, who was beheaded upon a charge of conspiracy. The Duke of Norfolk's second son John, became Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham. On the accession of Henry VI. he was re-. cognised as Duke of Norfolk, by Parliament.

His son and successor John, died in the 1stEdward IV., whose son John, previous to the father's decease, was created by King Henry VI. Earl of Surrey and Warren, and afterwards became Duke of Norfolk. His daughter Anne, was affianced to Richard, Duke of York, who received, on this occasion, the additional titles of Norfolk, Warren, Nottingham, and Earl Marshal. He was smothered in the Tower, and the Duchess Anne, it is supposed, was also made away with in her youth, by the same tyranny.

John Howard, kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne, Duchess of York and Norfolk, was created Duke of Norfolk, and valiantly adhered to his patron, the usurper. He was a principal leader of the king's army, and fell along with Richard III. at Bosworth, in Leicestershire. (See page 260.)