rect one is given under No. II. The city had originally an oracle of Apollo and Diana, which was afterward removed to Parium in its vicinity. Homer makes mention of Adrastea, but Pliny is in error (5, 32) when he supposes Parium and Adrastea to have been the same. II. A daughter of Jupiter and Necessity, so called, not from Adrastus, who is said to have erected the first temple to her, but from the impossibility of the wicked escaping her power: a privative, and Spaw, "to flee." She is the same as Nemesis.— III. A Cretan nymph, daughter of Melisseus, to whom the goddess Rhea intrusted the infant Jupiter in the Dictaan grotto. In this office Adrastea was assisted by her sister Ida and the Curetes (Apollod. 1, 1, 6; Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 47), whom the scholiast on Callimachus calls her brothers. Apollonius Rhodius (3, 132, seqq.) relates that she gave to the infant Jupiter a beautiful globe (opaipa) to play with, and on some Cretan coins Jupiter is represented sitting on a globe. (Spanheim ad Callim. l. c.) hunt, and at last lost his life by the tusk of a wild from Adrastus, who founded in the latter a temple to boar whom he had wounded. His blood produced the Nemesis. (Strab. 588.-Steph. B. s. v.) This etyanemone, according to Ovid (Met. 10, 735); but ac-mology, however, appears very doubtful. A more corcording to others, the adonium, while the anemone arose from the tears of Venus. (Bion, Epitaph. Ad. 66.) The goddess was inconsolable at his loss, and at last obtained from Proserpina, that Adonis should spend alternately six months with her on earth, and the remaining six in the shades. This fable is evidently an allegorical allusion to the periodical return of winter and summer. (Apollod. 3, 14.—Ov. l. c.—Bion, l. c.— Virg. Ecl. 10, 18, &c.) "Adonis, or Adonai," observes R. P. Knight, “was an Oriental title of the sun, signifying Lord; and the boar, supposed to have killed him, was the emblem of winter; during which the productive powers of nature being suspended, Venus was said to lament the loss of Adonis until he was again restored to life; whence both the Syrian and Argive women annually mourned his death and celebrated his renovation; and the mysteries of Venus and Adonis at Byblus in Syria were held in similar estimation with those of Ceres and Bacchus at Eleusis, and Isis and Osiris in Egypt. Adonis was said to pass six months with Proserpina and six with Venus; ADRASTUS, I. a king of Argos, son of Talaus and whence some learned persons have conjectured that Lysimache. (Vid. Supplement.)—II. A son of the the allegory was invented near the pole, where the sun Phrygian king Gordius, who had unintentionally killed disappears during so long a time; but it may signify his brother, and was, in consequence, expelled by his merely the decrease and increase of the productive father, and deprived of everything. He took refuge as powers of nature as the sun retires and advances. The a suppliant at the court of Croesus, king of Lydia, who Vishnoo or Juggernaut of the Hindus is equally said received him kindly and purified him. After some to lie in a dormant state during the four rainy months time he was sent out as guardian of Atys, the son of of that climate and the Osiris of the Egyptians was Croesus, who was to deliver the country around the supposed to be dead or absent forty days in each year, Mysian Olympus from a wild boar which had made during which the people lamented his loss, as the Sy- great havoc in it Adrastus had the misfortune to kill rians did that of Adonis, and the Scandinavians that of the young prince Atys while throwing his javelin at Frey; though at Upsal, the great metropolis of their the wild beast: Croesus pardoned the unfortunate man, worship, the sun never continues any one day entirely as he saw in this accident the will of the gods and the below their horizon." An Inquiry into the Symbol-fulfilment of a prophecy; but Adrastus could not enical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology (Class. dure to live longer, and accordingly killed himself or. Journal, vol. 25, p. 42.)—II. A river of Phoenicia, the tomb of Atys. (Herod., 1, 35-45.)-III. A Perwhich falls into the Mediterranean below Byblus. It ipatetic philosopher, born at Aphrodisias in Caria, and is now called Nahr Ibrahim. At the anniversary of who flourished about the beginning of the second centhe death of Adonis, which was in the rainy season, its tury of our era. He was the author of a treatise on waters were tinged red with the ochrous particles from the arrangement of Aristotle's writings and his systhe mountains of Libanus, and were fabled to flow with tem of philosophy, quoted by Simplicius (Præfat. in his blood. But Dupuis (4, p. 121), with more proba-viii. lib. phys.), and by Achilles Tatius (p. 82). Some bility, supposes this red colour to have been a mere ar- commentaries of his on the Timæus of Plato are also tifice on the part of the priests. quoted by Porphyry (p. 270, in Harm. Ptol.), and a ADRAMYTTIUM, a city of Asia Minor, on the coast of treatise on the categories of Aristotle by Galen. None Mysia, and at the head of an extensive bay (Sinus Ad-of these have come down to us, but a work on Harramyttenus) facing the island of Lesbos. Strabo (605) monics (πepì 'Apμovikov) is preserved in manuscript makes it an Athenian colony. Stephanus Byzantinus in the Vatican library.-IV. Father of Eurydice, and follows Aristotle, and mentions Adramys, the brother grandfather of Laomedon. (Apollod. 3, 12, 3.)—V. of Crœsus, as its founder. This last is more proba- Son of the soothsayer Merops of Percote. He went bly the true account, especially as an adjacent district to the Trojan war with his brother, against the will of bore the name of Lydia. According, however, to Eu- his father, and was slain by Diomede. stathius and other commentators, the place existed before the Trojan war, and was no other than the Pedasus of Homer (Plin. 5, 32). This city became a place of importance under the kings of Pergamus, and continued so in the time of the Roman power, although it suffered severely during the war with Mithradates. (Strab. 605.) Here the Conventus Juridicus was held. The modern name is Adramy!, and it is represented as being still a place of some commerce. It contains 1000 houses, but mostly mean and miserably built. Adramyttium is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles (ch. 27, 2). ADRIA, ATRIA, or HADRIA, I. in the time of the Romans a small city of Cisalpine Gaul, on the river Tartarus, near the Po. Its site is still occupied by the modern town of Atri. In the ages preceding the Roman power, Adria appears to have been a powerful and flourishing commercial city, as far as an opinion may be deduced from the circumstance of its having given name to the Adriatic, and also from the numer ous canals which were to be found in its vicinity. (Compare Liv. 5, 33.—Strab. 218.—Justin, 20, 1.—Plin. 3, 16.) It had been founded by a colony of Etrurians, to whose labours these canals must evidently be ascribed, the name given to them by the Romans (fossiones Philistina) proving that they were not the work of that people. (Compare Müller, Etrusk., vol. 1, p. 228, in notis.) The fall of Adria was owADRASTRA ('Adpúoreia), I. a region of Mysia, in ing to the inroads of the Gallic nations, and the conseAsia Minor, near Priapus, at the entrance of the Pro- quent neglect of the canals. Livy, Justin, and most pontis, and containing a plain and city of the same of the ancient historians, write the name of this city The appellation was said to have been derived | Adria; the geographers, on the other hand, prefer ADRANA, a river in Germany, in the territory of the name. Atria. In Strabo alone the reading is doubtful. Ma- of them, however, considered it very probably a name nutius and Cellarius, on the authority of inscriptions for the Adriatic. Strabo (123,) certainly uses it and coins, give the preference to the form Hadria. Berkel (ad Sph. Byzant, v. 'Adpía) is also in favour of it. It must be observed, however, that Adria is found on coins as well as the aspirated form. (Rasche, Lex Rei Num., vol. 4, col. 9.-Cellarius, Geogr. Ant. 1, 509.)-II. A town of Picenum, capital of the Prætutii, on the coast of the Adriatic. Here the family of the Emperor Adrian, according to his own account, took its rise. The modern name of the place is Adri or Atri. in this sense ('Od 'lovios KÓλTOS μÉPOÇ ÈσTì TOV viv 'Adpiov 2ɛyoμévov). More careful writers, however, and especially Polybius, give merely ó 'Adpías, without any mention of its referring to the Adriatic. The latter author, although acquainted with the form Adriaticus (Tòv 'Adpiatikov μvxóv, 2, 16), yet, when he wishes to designate the entire gulf, has either o κατὰ τὸν ̓Αδρίαν κόλπος (2, 14), or ἢ κατὰ τὸν ̓Αδρί av dúharra (2, 16). So, in speaking of the mouths of the Po, he uses the expression οἱ κατὰ τὸν ̓Αδρίαν Kóλño (2, 14). Hence both Casaubon and Schweighæuser, in their respective editions of Polybius, are wrong, in translating ó 'Adpíaç by Mare Adriaticum and Sinus Adriaticus. ADRIATICUM (or HADRIATICUM) MARE, called also Sinus Adriaticus (or Hadriaticus), the arm of the sea between Italy and the opposite shores of Illyricum, Epirus, and Greece, comprehending, in its greatest extent, not only the present Gulf of Venice, but also the Ionian Sea. Herodotus, in one passage (7, 20), calls the whole extent of sea along the coast of Illyricum and Western Greece, as far as the Corinthiat. Gulf, by the name of the Ionian Sea ('lúvioç nÓVTOS)In another passage he styles the part in the vicinity of Epidamnus, the Tonian Gulf (6, 127). Scylax makes the Ionian Gulf the same with what he calls Adrias (τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ 'Αδρίας ἐστὶ, καὶ Ἰώνιος, p. 11), and places the termination of both at Hydruntum (Aiμèv "Ydpovç ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ ̓Αδρίου ἢ τῷ τοῦ Ἰωνίου κόλπου στόματι, p. 5). He is silent, however, respecting the Ionian Sea, as named by Herodotus. Thucydides, like Herodotus, distinguishes between the Ionian Gulf and Ionian Sea. The former he makes a part of the latter, which reaches to the shores of Western Greece. Thus he observes, in relation to the site of Epidamnus, Επίδαμνός ἐστι πόλις ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐσπλέοντι τὸν Ἰώνιον KÓλTOV (1, 24). These ideas, however, became changed at a later period. The limits of what Scylax had styled 'Adpías, and made synonymous with 'lúvios Kóλnog, were extended to the shores of Italy and the western coast of Greece, so that now the Ionic Gulf was regarded only as a part of 'Adpías, or the Adriatic. Eustathius informs us, that the more accurate writers always observed this distinction (oi dè åkpibéσTepol ròv 'Iúviov μépos tov 'Adpíov paví. Eustath, ad Dionys. Perieg. v. 92). Hence we obtain a solution of Ptolemy's meaning, when he makes the Adriatic extend along the entire coast of Western Greece to the southern extremity of the Peloponnesus. The Mare Superum of the Roman writers is represented on classical charts as coinciding with the Sinus Hadriaticus, which last is made to terminate near Hydruntum, the modern Otranto. By Mare Superum, however, in the strictest acceptation of the phrase, appears to have been meant not only the present Adriatic, but also the sea along the southern coast of Italy, as far as the Sicilian straits, which would make it correspond, there fore, very nearly, if not exactly, to the ỏ 'Adpíaç of the ADRIANOPOLIS, or HADRIANOPOLIS, I. one of the most important cities of Thrace, founded by and named after the Emperor Adrian or Hadrian. Being of comparatively recent date, it is consequently not mentioned by the old geographical writers. Even Ptolemy is silent respecting it, since his notices are not later than the reign of Trajan. The site of this city, however, was previously occupied by a small Thracian settlement named Uskudama; and its very advantageous situation determined the emperor in favour of erecting a large city on the spot. (Ammian. Marcell. 14, 11. --Eutrop. 6, 8.) Adrianopolis stood on the right bank of the Hebrus, now Maritza, which forms a junction in this quarter with the Arda, or Ardiscus, now Arda, and the Tonzus, now Tundscha. (Compare Zosimus, 2, 22.-Lamprid. Elagab. 7.) This city became famous in a later age for its manufactories of arms, and in the fourth century succeeded in withstanding the Goths, who laid siege to it after their victory over the Emperor Valens. (Ammian. Marcell. 31, 15.) Hierocles (p. 635) makes it the chief city of the Thracian province of Hæmimontius. The inhabitants were probably ashamed of their Thracian origin, and borrowed therefore a primitive name for their city from the mythology of the Greeks. (Vid. Orestias.) Mannert (7, 263) thinks that the true appellation was Odrysos, which they thus purposely altered. The modern name of the place is Adrianople, or rather Edrinch. It was taken by the Turks in 1360 or 1363, and the Emperor Amurath made it his residence. It continued to be the imperial city until the fall of Constantinople; but, though the court has been removed to the latter place, Adrianople is still the second city in the empire, and very important, in case of invasion by a foreign power, as a central point for collecting the Turkish | strength. Its present population is not less than 100,000 souls.-II. A city of Bithynia in Asia Minor, founded by the Emperor Adrian. D'Anville places it in the southern part of the territory of the Mariandyni, and makes it correspond to the modern Boli-III. Another city of Bithynia, called more properly Adriani or Hadriani ('Adpuúvot). It is frequently mentioned in ccclesiastical writers, and by Hierocles (p. 693), and there are medals existing of it, on which it is styled Adriani near Olympus. Hence D'Anville, on his map, places it to the southwest of Mount Olympus, in the district of Olympena, and makes it the same with the modern Edrenos. Mannert opposes this, and places it in the immediate vicinity of the river Rhyndacus.—later Greek writers. IV. A city of Epirus, in the district of Thesprotia, situate to the southeast of Antigonea, on the river Celydnus. Its ruins are still found upon a spot named Drinopolis, an evident corruption of its earlier name. (Hughes' Travels, 2, 236.)-V. A name given to a part of Athens, in which the Emperor Adrian or Hadrian had erected many new and beautiful structures. (Gruter, Inscrip., p. 177.) ADRUMĒTUM. Vid. Hadrumetum. ADUATUCUM, a city of Gaul, in the territory of the Tungri, who appear to have been the same with the Aduatuci or Aduatici of Cæsar (B. G. 2, 29), unless the former appellation is to be regarded as a general one for the united German tribes, of whom the Aduatuci formed a part. (Compare Tacitus, de mor. Germ. c. 2.) This city is called 'Arovákovтov by Ptolemy, and Aduaca Tongrorum in the Itinerarium Anton and Tab. Peuting. At a later period it took the name ADRIAS, the name properly of the territory in which of Tongri from the people themselves. Mannert makes the city of Adria in Cisalpine Gaul was situated. it the same with the modern Tongres, and D'Anville Herodotus (5, 9) first speaks of it under this appella- with Falais on the Mehaigne. The former of these tion (ó 'Adpiac), which is given also by many subse-geographers, however, thinks that it must have been quent Greek writers. (Compare Scylax, p. 5.) Most distinct from the Aduatuca Castellum mentioned by Ca ADRIANUS, a Roman emperor. (Vid. Hadrianus.) sar (B. G. 6, 32), which he places nearer the Rhine. (Mannert, 2, 200.) ADUATUCI OF ADUATICI, a German nation, who originally formed a part of the great invading army of the Teutones and Cimbri. They were left behind in Gaul, to guard a part of the baggage, and finally settled there. Their territory extended from the Scaldis, or Scheld, eastward as far as Mosæ Pons, or Mastricht. (Mannert, 2, 199.) [of their father. (Dorotheus, apud Plut. Parall. 25, ADULIS, called by Pliny (6, 29) Oppidum Adulitarom, the principal commercial city along the coast of Ethiopia. It was founded by fugitive slaves from Egypt, but fell subsequently under the power of the neighbouring kingdom of Auxume. Ptolemy writes the name 'Adovan, Strabo 'Adovací, and Stephanus Byzantinus "Adovλis. Adulis has become remarkable on account of the two Greek inscriptions found in it. Cosmas Indicopleustes, as he is commonly called, was the first who gave an account of them (l. 2, p. 140, apud Montfauc.). One is on a kind of throne, or rather armchair, of white marble, the other on a tablet of touchstone (àñò ẞasavírov Xíðov), erected behind the throne. Cosmas gives copies of both, and his MS.des, and drove him from his kingdom. Pyrrhus, who has also a drawing of the throne or chair itself. The inscription on the tablet relates to Ptolemy Euergetes, and bis conquests in Asia Minor, Thrace, and Upper Asia. It is imperfect, however, towards the end; although, if the account of Cosmas be correct, the part of the stone which was broken off was not large, and, consequently, but a small part of the inscription was lost. Cosmas and his coadjutor Menas believed that the other inscription, which was to be found on the throne or chair, would be the continuation of the former, and therefore give it as such. It was reserved for Salt and Buttmann to prove, that the inscription on the tablet alone related to Ptolemy, and that the one on the throne or chair was of much more recent origin, probably as late as the second or third century, and made by some native prince in imitation of the former. | One of the principal arguments by which they arrive at this conclusion is, that the inscription on the throne speaks of conquests in Ethiopia which none of the Ptolemies ever made. (Museum der Alterthums- Wissenschaft, vol. 2, p. 105, seqq.) EEA, a name given to Circe, because born at Æa. (Virg. En. 3, 386.) ANTEUM, a small settlement on the coast of Troas, near the promontory of Rhoteum. It was founded by the Rhodians, and was remarkable for containing the tomb of Ajax, and a temple dedicated to his memory. The old statue of the hero was carried away by Antony to Egypt, but was restored by Augustus. (Strabo, 595.) In Pliny's time this place had ceased to exist, as may be inferred from his expression, "Fuit et Eanteum" (5, 30). Maunert asserts, that Lechevalier is wrong, in placing the mound of Ajax on the summit of the hill by Intepe. ADYRMACHIDE, a maritime people of Africa, near ANTIDES, I. one of the Tragic Pleiades. (Vid. Egypt. Ptolemy (lib. 4, c. 5) calls them Adyrmach-Alexandrina Schola.) He lived in the time of the ites, but Herodotus (4, 168), Pliny (5, 6), and Silius second Ptolemy. II. The tyrant of Lampsacus, to Italicus (3, 279), make the name to be Adyrmachida whom Hippias gave his daughter Archedice. (Advpuaxidai). Hence, as Larcher observes (Histoire d'Herodote, vol. 8, p. 10, Table Geogr.), the text of Ptolemy ought to be corrected by these authorities. The Adyrmachida were driven into the interior of the country when the Greeks began to settle along the coast. EA, the city of king Æetes, said to have been situate on the river Phasis in Colchis. The most probable opinion is, that it existed only in the imaginations of the poets. (Mannert, 4, 397.) ESCEs, a tyrant of Samos, deprived of his tyranny by Aristagoras, B.C. 500. He fled to the Persians, and induced the Samians to abandon the other Ionians in the sea-fight with the Persians. He was restored by the Persians in the year B.C. 494. (Herodotus, 4, 138.) EAS, a river of Epirus, thought to be the modern Vajussa, falling into the Ionian Sea. Isaac Vossius, in his commentary on Pomponius Mela (2, 3, extr.), charges Ovid with an error in geography, in making this river fall into the Peneus (Met. 1, 577). But Vossius was wrong himself in making the verb conveniunt, as used by Ovid, in the passage in question, equivalent to ingrediuntur. Ovid only means that the deities of the river mentioned by him met together in the cave of the Penens. DEPSUS, a town of Euboea in the district Histiæotis, famed for its hot baths, which even at the present day are the most celebrated in Greece. The modern name of the place is Dipso. But, according to Sibthorpe (Walpole's Coll., vol. 2, p. 71), Lipso. In Plutarch (Sympos. 4, 4), this place is called Galepsus EACIDES, I. a patronymic of the descendants of Æa- (Túλmpos), which many regard as an error of the copyeus, such as Achilles, Peleus, Pyrrhus, &c. (Virg.ists. If the modern name as given by Sibthorpe be En. 1, 99, &c.) The line of the Eacide is given correct, it appears more likely that Lipso is a corrupas follows: Eacus became the father of Telamon and tion of Galepsus, and that the latter was only another Peleus by his wife Endeis. (Tzetzes, ad Lycophr. v. name for the place, and no error. 175, calls her Deis, Aniç.) From the Nereid Psam- ÆDĚSTA. Vid. Supplement. athe was born to him Phocus (Hesiod. Theog. 1003, ÆDESIUS, a Cappadocian, called a Platonic, or persegg.), whom he preferred to his other sons, and who haps, more correctly, an Eclectic philosopher, who livbecame more conspicuous in gymnastic and naval ex- ed in the 4th century, and was the friend and most ercises than either Telamon or Peleus. (Müller, distinguished scholar of Iamblichus. After the death Eginet, p. 22.) Phocus was, in consequence, slain of his master, the school of Syria was dispersed, and by his brothers, who thereupon fled from the vengeance Edesius, fearing the real or fancied hostility of the 7, 8.) EGEON, I, one of the fifty sons of Lycaon, whom Jupiter slew. (Apollod. 3, 8, 1.)-II. A giant, son of Uranus by Gæa. (Vid. Supplement.) Christian emperor Constantine to philosophy, took ref- | islands of the Egean Sea. (Statius, Thebaïs, 8, 4, uge in divination. An oracle in hexameter verse represented a pastoral life as his only retreat; but his disciples, perhaps calming his fears by a metaphorical interpretation, compelled him to resume his instructions. He settled at Pergamus, where he numbered among his pupils the Emperor Julian. After the accession of the latter to the imperial purple, he invited Ædesius to continue his instructions, but the latter, being unequal to the task through age, sent in his stead Chrysanthes and Eusebius, his disciples. (Eunap. Vit. Ædes.) EDESSA. Vid. Edessa. AEDON. Vid. Philomela. Eoči, a powerful nation of Gaul. Their confederation embraced all the tract of country comprehended between the Allier, the middle Loire, and the Saône, and extending a little beyond this river towards the south. The proper capital was Bibracte, and the second city in importance Noviodunum. The political influence of the Edui extended over the Mandubes or Mandubii, whose chief city Alesia traced its origin to the most ancient periods of Gaul, and passed for a work of the Tyrian Hercules. (Diod. Sic. 4, 19.) This same influence reached also the Ambarri, the Insubres, and the Segusiani. The Bituriges themselves, who had been previously one of the most flourishing nations of Gaul, were held by the Ædui in a condition approaching that of subjects. (Thierry, Histoire des Gaulois, 2, 31.) When Cæsar came into Gaul, he found that the Edui, after having long contended with the Arverni and Sequani for the supremacy in Gaul, had been (vercome by the two latter, who called in Ariovistus and the Germans to their aid. The arrival of the Roman commander soon changed the aspect of affairs, and the Ædui were restored by the Roman arms to the chief power in the country. They became, of course, valuable allies for Cæsar in his Gallic conquests. Eventually, however, they embraced the party of Vercingetorix against Rome; but, when the insurrection was quelled, they were still favourably treated on account of their former services. (Cas. B. G. 1, 31, seqq.) EGEUM MARE, that part of the Mediterranean lying between Greece and Asia Minor. It is now called the Archipelago, which modern appellation appears to be a corruption of Egio Pelago, itself a modern Greek form for Alyalov néhayos. Various etymologies are given for the ancient name. The most common is that which deduces it from Egeus, father of Theseus; the most plausible is that which derives it from Egæ in Euboea. (Strab. 386.) In all probability, however, neither is correct. The Egean was accounted particularly stormy and dangerous to navigators, whence the proverb Tov Aiyaïov ñĥei (scil. Kóλov). (Erasm. Chil. Col. 632.) EGEUS, a surname of Neptune, given him as an appellation to denote the god of the waves. Compare Mulier, Geschichte, &c. (Die Dorier), vol. 2, p. 238, in notis. GALEOS, a mountain of Attica, from the summit of which Xerxes beheld the battle of Salamis. (Herod. 8, 90.) According to Thucydides (2, 19), it was situate to the left of the road from Athens to Eleusis. Mount Egaleos seems indeed to be a continuation of Corydallus, stretching northward into the interior of Attica. The modern name is Skaramanga. (Cramer's Greece, 2, 355.) EGATES, or Ægusæ, three islands off the western extremity of Sicily, between Drepana and Lilybæum. The name Ægusa (Aïyovoa) properly belonged to but one of the number. As this, however, was the principal and most fertile one (now Favignana), the appellation became a common one for all three. The Romans corrupted the name into Ægades. (Mela, 2, 7.-Florus, 2, 2.) Livy, however (21, 10, &c.), uses the form Ægates. The northernmost of these islands is called by Ptolemy Phorbantia (Poplavría), i. e., the pasture-island, which the Latin writers translate by Bucina, i. e., Oxen-isiand, it being probably uninhabited, and used only for pasturing cattle. This island is very rocky, and bears in modern times the name of Levanzo. The third and westernmost island was called Hiera ('Iɛpá), which Pliny converts into Hieronesus, i. e., Sacred island. At a later period, however, the Romans changed the name into Maritima, as it lay the farthest out to sea. Under this ap ÆETA, or ÆETES, king of Colchis, son of Sol, and Perseis, the daughter of Oceanus, was father of Medea, Absyrtus, and Chalciope, by Idyia, one of the Oceanides. He killed Phryxus, son of Athamas, who had fled to his court on a golden ram. This murder he committed to obtain the fleece of the golden ram. The Argonauts came against Colchis, and recovered the golden fleece by means of Medea, though it was guard-pellation the Itin. Marit. (p. 492) makes mention of ed by bulls that breathed fire, and by a venomous drag- it, but errs in giving the distance from Lilybæum as (Vid. Jason, Medea, and Phryxus.) He was 300 stadia, a computation which is much too large. afterward, according to Apollodorus, deprived of his The modern name is Maretimo. Off these islands the kingdom by his brother Perses, but was restored to it Roman fleet, under Lutatius Catulus, obtained a deby Medea, who had returned from Greece to Colchis.cisive victory over that of the Carthaginians, and which (Apollod. 1, 9, 28.-Heyne, ad Apollod. l. c.-Ov. put an end to the first Punic war. (Liv. 21, 10.—Id. Met. 7. 11, seqq., &c.) ibid. 41.-Id. 22, 54.) on. ÆETIAS, ÆETIS, and ÆETINE, patronymic forms from EETES, used by Roman poets to designate his daughter Medea. (Ovid, Met. 7, 9, 296.) ÆGA. Vid. Supplement. EGESTA, an ancient city of Sicily, in the western extremity of the island, near Mount Eryx. The Greek writers name it, at one time Ægesta (Alyɛora), at another Egesta ('Eyeora). The cause of this slight vaÆGE, I. a small town on the western coast of riation would seem to have been, that the city was one Euboea, southeast of Adepsus. It contained a tem- not of Greek origin, and that the name was written ple sacred to Neptune, and was supposed to have giv- from hearing it pronounced. In a later age, when the en name to the Egean. (Strab. 386.)-II. A city inhabitants attached themselves to the Roman power, of Macedonia, the same with Edessa.-III. A town they called their city Segesta, and themselves Segesof Achaia, near the mouth of the Crathis. It appears tani, according to Festus (s. v. Segesta), who states, to have been abandoned eventually by its inhabitants, that the alteration was made to obviate an improper who retired to Ægira. The cause of their removal is ambiguity in the term. (Præposita est ei S. litera ne not known. (Strabo, 386.)-IV. A town and sea-obsceno nomine appellaretur.) It is more probable, port of Cilicia Campestris, at the mouth of the Pyand on the upper shore of the Sinus Issicus. The modern village of Ayas occupies its site. (Strab. 676.-Plin. 5, 27.-Lucan, 3, 225.) ramus, EGEA, I. a city of Mauritania Cæsariensis. (Ptol) -II. A surname of Venus, from her worship in the however, that the Romans caused it to be done on account of the ill-omened analogy in sound between Ægesta or Egesta, and the Latin term egestas, "want." Thucydides (6, 2) states, that after the destruction of Troy, a body of the fugitives found their way to this quarter, and, uniting with the Sicani, whom they there became united to the object of his affection. The offspring of this union was gestes. (Dion. Hal. 1, 52.) Both accounts, of course, are purely fabulous. In accordance, however, with the popular legend respecting him, Virgil makes Ægestes, whom he calls, as already stated, Acestes, to have given Eneas a hospitable reception, when the latter, as the poet fables, visited Sicily in the course of his wander ings. (Vid. Ægesta.) found settled here, formed with them one people, under | already mention.ed, accompanied them to Sicily, and the name of Elymi. In the course of time their numbers were still farther increased by the junction of some wandering Achæi. This seems to have been the generally-received idea among the Greeks, respecting the origin of the Elymi and Ægestai. Its improbability, however, is apparent even at first view. When the Romans became masters of these parts, after the 'first Punic war, they readily adopted the current tradition respecting the people of Egesta, as well as the idea of an affinity, through the line of Æneas, between themselves and the latter, and the legend is interwoven also with the subject of the Æneid (5, 36, seqq.-Vid. Egestes). From the circumstance of the Romans having recognised the affinity of the Egesteans to themselves, we find them styled, in the Duilian inscription, "the kinsmen of the Roman people." COCNATI P. R. (Ciacconius, de Col. Rostr. Duil., Lugd. Bat. 1597.) Cicero, too (in Verrem. 4, 33), adopts the current tradition of the day. Whatever our opinion may be relative to the various details of these legends, one thing at least very clearly appears, which is, that Egesta was not of Grecian origin. Thucydides (7, 58), in enumerating the allies of Syracuse, speaks of the people of Himera as forming the only Grecian settlement on the northern coast of Sicily; and in another part (7, 57), expressly classes the Egestrans among Barbarians (Bapбápwv 'Eyeoraio). The origin of gesta, therefore, may fairly be as cribed to a branch of the Pelasgic race, the Trojans themselves being of the same stock. (Vid. Eneas.) Previous to the arrival of the Romans in Sicily, the Egestrans were engaged in a long contest with the inhabitants of Selinus. Finding themselves, however, the weaker party, they solicited and obtained the aid of Athens. The unfortunate issue of the Athenian expedition against Syracuse, compelled the Ægestaans to look for new allies in the Carthaginians. These came to their aid, and Selinus fell; but Egesta also shared its fate, and the city remained under this new control, until, for the purpose of regaining its freedom, it espoused the cause of Agathocles. The change, however, was for the worse; and the tyrant, offended at their unwillingness to contribute supplies, murdered a part of the inhabitants, drove the rest into exile, and changed the name of the city to Dicropolis, settling in it at the same time a body of deserters that had come over to him. (Polyb. 20, 71.) The death of Agathocles very probably restored the old name, and brought back the surviving part of the former inhabitants, since we find the appellation Egesta reappearing in the first Punic war (Polyb. 1, 24), and since the Egestæ ans, during that same conflict, after slaughtering a Carthaginian garrison which had been placed within their walls, were able to declare themselves the kinsmen of the Roman people. (Zonaras, 8, 4.) It was this pretended affinity between the two communities that preserved Egesta from oblivion after it had fallen beneath the Roman sway, and we find Pliny (3, 8) naming the inhabitants among the number of those who enjoyed the jus Latinum. The ruins of the place are found, at the present day, near the modern Alcamo. (Mannert, 9, 2, 393, seqq.-Hoare's Classical Tour, 2, 61.) EGEUS, La king of Athens, son of Pandion. His legitimacy, however, was disputed; and when, after the death of Pandion, he entered Attica at the head of an army, and recovered his patrimony, he was still the object of jealousy to his three brothers, although he shared his newly-acquired power with them. As he was long childless, they began to cast a wishful eye towards his inheritance. But a mysterious oracle brought him to Trazene, where fate had decreed that the future hero of Athens should be born. Ethra, the daughter of the sage King Pittheus, son of Pelops, was his mother, but the Trazenian legend called Neptune, not Ægeus, his father. Egeus, however, returned to Athens, with the hope that, in the course of years, he should be followed by a legitimate heir. At parting he showed Æthra a huge mass of rock, under which he had hidden a sword and a pair of sandals : when her child, if a boy, should be able to lift the stone, he was to repair to Athens with the tokens it concealed, and to claim Ægeus as his father. From this deposite, Ethra gave her son the name of Theseus (Onoɛús, from déw, now, to deposite or place). When Theseus had grown up and been acknowledged by his father (vid. Theseus), he freed the latter from the cruel tribute imposed by Minos (vid. Minotaurus); but, on his return from Crete, forgot to hoist the white sails, the preconcerted signal of success, and Ægeus, thinking his son had perished, threw himself from a high rock into the sea. (Apollod. 3, 15, 5, seqq.—Plut. Vit. Thes., &c.) The whole narrative respecting Egeus is a figurative legend. He is the same as Neptune; his name Aiyalos, indicating "the god of the waves," from alyes, the waves of the sea, and hence the Trazenian legend makes Neptune at once to have been the father of Theseus. Theseus himself, moreover, appears to be nothing more than a mythic personage. He is merely the type of the establishment of the worship of Neptune (Onoevs, from véw, now, to place or establish). Even his mother's name, Ethra, would seem to allude figuratively to the pure, clear atmosphere of religious worship connected with the rites of Neptune, when firmly established. (Alopa, i. e., alopa, pure, clear air.) So, also, the contest between Theseus and the Pallantides (vid. Pallantides), would seem to be nothing more than a religious contest between the rival systems of Neptune and Minerva. The worship of Neptune prevailed originally in the Ionian cities (Müller, Dorians, 1, 266), and the legend of Theseus is an Ionian one; whereas the worship Minerva, at Athens, dates back to the time of Ce crops.-II. An eponymic hero at Sparta, son of Æolicus. (Vid. Supplement.) EGIALEA, I. according to the common account, a daughter of Adrastus, but more probably the daughter EGESTES, Egestus, or, as Virgil writes it, Acestes, of his son Egialeus. (Heyne, ad Apollod. 1, 86.) a son of the river-god Crimisus, by a Trojan mother, She was the wife of Diomede, and is said to have been according to one account, while another makes both guilty of the grossest incontinence during her husband's his parents to have been of Trojan origin. Laomedon, absence in the Trojan war. (Apollod. l. c.- - Ov. Ib. it seems, had given the daughters of a distinguished 350, &c.) The beautiful passage in the Iliad, how person among his subjects to certain Sicilian mariners, ever (5, 412, seqq.), where mention is made of her, to carry away and expose to wild beasts. They were strongly countenances the idea that the story of her brought to Sicily, where the god of the Crimisus uni- improper conduct is a mere posthomeric or cyclic fable. ted himself to one of them, and became father of Eges--II. An island of the Egean, between Cythera tes. This is the first account just alluded to. The and Crete, now Cerigotto. Bondelmonti (Ins. Arch. other one is as follows: A young Trojan, of noble 10, 65) calls it Sichilus or Sequilus, a corruption, birth, being ena noured of one of the three females probably, from the modern Greck eiç Alyvhíav. (De |