with P. Corn. Scipio Nasica, A.U.C. 561, and the conqueror of Antiochus at Thermopyla. (Liv. 35, 24.—Id. 36, 19.)—-V. Glabrio M., son of the preceding, a decemvir. He built a temple to Piety, in fulfilment of a vow which his father had made when fighting against Antiochus. He erected also a gilded statue (statuam auratam) to his father, the first of the tind ever seen at Rome. (Val. Max. 2, 5.-Liv. 40, 34. Compare Hase, ad loc.)-VI. A consul, A.U.C. 684, appointed to succeed Lucullus in the management of the Mithradatic war. (Cic. in Verr. 7, 61.)—VII. Aviola Manius, a lieutenant under Tiberius in Gaul, A.D. 19, and afterward consul. He was roused from a trance by the flames of the funeral pile, on which he had been laid as a corpse, but could not be rescued. (Plin. 7, 53.—Val. Max. 1, 8.)—VIII. Son of the preceding, consul under Claudius, A.D. 54.-IX. A consul with M. Ulpian Trajanus, the subsequent emperor. He was induced to engage with wild beasts in the arena, and, proving successful, was put to death by Domitian, who was jealous of his strength.

Aciais, now the Agri, a river of Lucania, rising near Abællinum Marsicum, and falling into the Sinus Tarentinus. Near its mouth stood Heraclea.

ACINDYNUS. Vid. Supplement.

pais. It was founded either by Athamas, or by Acra pheus, a son of Apollo. Pausanias calls the place Acræphnium (9, 23.-Compare Steph. Byz. s. v.). ACRAGALLIDE. vid. Crauallidæ.

ACRĂGAS, I. the Greek name of Agrigentum.-II. A river in Sicily, on which Agrigentum was situate. It gave its Greek name to the city. The modern name is San Blasio. (Mannert, 9, 2, 354.)—III. An engraver on silver, whose country and age are both uncertain. He is noticed by Pliny (33, 12, 55), who speaks of cups of his workmanship, adorned with sculptured work, preserved in the temple of Bacchus at Rhodes. His hunting pieces on cups were very famous. (Sillig, Dict. Art. s. v.)

ACRITUS, a freedman of Nero, sent into Asia to plunder the temples of the gods, which commission he executed readily, being, according to Tacitus (Ann. 15, 45), "cuicumque flagitio promptus." Secundus Carinas was joined with him on this occasion, whom Lipsius (ad Tac. 1. c.) suspects to be the same with the Carinas sent into exile (Dio Cassius, 59, 20) by the Emperor Caligula, for declaiming against tyrants. Compare Juvenal, 7, 204.

ACRIDOPHAGI, an Ethiopian nation, who fed upon locusts. Diodorus Siculus (3, 28) says, that they never lived beyond their 40th year, and that they then perished miserably, being attacked by swarms of winged lice (TEрwroì qɑɛīpes), which issued forth from their skin. The account given of their diet is much more probable. The locust is said to be a very common and palatable food in many parts of the East, after having

Acis, a Sicilian shepherd, son of Faunus and the symph Simæthis. He gained the affections of Galaza, but his rival Polyphemus, through jealousy, crushed him to death with a fragment of rock, which he hurled upon him. Acis was changed into a stream, which retained his name. According to Servius (ad Virg. Eclog. 9, 39) it was also called Acilius. Cluve-been dried in the sun. This is thought by some to have rius places it about two miles distant from the modern Castello di Acci. Fazellus, however, without much reason, assigns the name of Acis to the Fiume Freddo, near Taormina. Sir Richard Hoare describes the Acis of Cluverius as a limpid though small stream. The story of Acis is given by Ovid (Met. 13, 750, seq.) ACORTES. Vid. Supplement. ACOMINATUS. Vid. Nicetas.

ACONTIUS, a youth of Cea, who, when he went to Delos to sacrifice to Diana, fell in love with Cydippe, a beautiful virgin, and, being unable to obtain her, by reason of his poverty, had recourse to a stratagem. A sacred law obliged every one to fulfil whatever promise they had made in the temple of the goddess; and Acontius having procured an apple or quince, wrote on it the following words: "I swear by Diana I will wed Acontius." This he threw before her. The nurse took it up, and handed it to Cydippe, who read aloud the inscription, and then threw the apple away. After some time, when Cydippe's father was about to give her in marriage to another, she was taken ill just before the nuptial ceremony. Acontius thereupon has tened to Athens, and, the Delphic oracle having declared that the illness of Cydippe was the punishment of ber perjury, the parties were united.

ACORIS. Vid. Supplement.

Aca, I. a village on the Cimmerian Bosporus. (Shab., p. 494.)-II. A promontory and town of Scythia Minor, now Ekerne or Cavarna.

constituted the food of the Israelites on the occasion mentioned in Exodus (16, 14). Wesseling (ad Diod. Sic. 3, 28) is of this opinion. But the salvim of Moses evidently mean quails, as the received version has rendered the word.

ACRION, a Locrian, was a Pythagorean philosopher: he is mentioned by Valerius Maximus (8, 7) under the name of Arion, which is a false reading instead of Acrion. (Cic. Fin. 5, 9.)

ACRISIONEIS, a patronymic appellation given to Danaë, as daughter of Acrisius. (Virg. Æn. 7, 410, and Servius, ad loc.)

ACRISIONIADES, a patronymic of Perseus, from his grandfather Acrisius. (Ovid, Met. 5, v. 70.)

ACRISIUS, Son of Abas, king of Argos, by Ocalea, daughter of Mantineus. He was born at the same birth as Protus, with whom it is said that he quarrelled even in his mother's womb. After many dissensions, Prœtus was driven from Argos. Acrisius had Danaë by Eurydice, daughter of Lacedæmon; and an oracle having declared that he should lose his life by the hand of his grandson, he endeavoured to frustrate the prediction by the imprisonment of his daughter, in order to prevent her becoming a mother (vid. Danaë). His efforts failed of success, and he was eventually killed by Perseus, son of Danaë and Jupiter. Acrisius, it seems, had been attracted to Larissa by the reports which had reached him of the prowess of Perseus. At Larissa, Perseus, wishing to show his skill ACHRADINA, one of the five divisions of Syracuse, in throwing a quoit, killed an old man who proved to and deriving its name from the wild pear-trees with be his grandfather, whom he knew not, and thus the which it once abounded (áxpús, a wild pear-tree). It oracle was fulfilled. Acrisius reigned about 31 years. is sometimes called the citadel of Syracuse, but in-|(Hygin. fab. 63.—Ovid, Met. 4, fab. 16.—Horat. 3, conectly, although a strongly fortified quarter. It was od. 16.-Apollod. 2, 2, &c.-Paus. 2, 16, &c. — Vid very thickly inhabited, and contained inany fine build- Danaë, Perseus, Polydectes.) ings, yielding only to Ortygia. (Laporte Du Theil, ad Strab., vol 2, p 358, not. 3, French transl.) As regards the situation of Achradina, and its aspect in more modern times, compare Swinburn, Travels in the Two Sicilies, 3, 382 (French transl.), and Göller, de Situ et Origine Syracusarum, p. 49, seqq.

ACRE Vid. Supplement.

ACRÆPHNĨA, a city of Boeotia, situate on Mount Pious, towards the northeast extremity of the Lake Co

-

ACRITAS, a promontory of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus. (Plin. 4, 5.—Mela, 2, 3.) Now Cape Gallo

ACROATHOS, or ACROTHŎUM. The name Acroathos properly denotes the promontory of the peninsula of Athos, now Cape Monte Santo. It is the lower one of the two, the upper one being called Nymphæum (Promontorium). By Acrothoum (or Acrothoi) is meant a town on the peninsula of Athos, situate some distance up the mountain, and of which Mela observes

(2, 3), that the inhabitants were supposed to live beyond the usual time allotted to man. (Compare Thucyd. 4, 109.-Scylax, p. 26.—Steph. Byz. s. v. "Alwç. -Strab. epit. lib. 7, 331.)

ACROCERAUNIA, or ACROCERAUNII Montes. vid. Ce

raunia.

ACROCORINTHUS, a high hill, overhanging the city of Corinth, on which was erected a citadel, called also by the same name. This situation was so important a one as to be styled by Philip the fetters of Greece. The fortress was surprised by Antigonus, but recovered in a brilliant manner by Aratus. (Strab. 8, 380.-Paus. 2, 4-Plut. Vit. Arat.-Stat. Theb. 7, v. 106.) "The Acrocorinthus, or Acropolis of Corinth," observes Dodwell, is one of the finest objects in Greece, and, if properly garrisoned, would be a place of great strength and importance. It abounds with excellent water, is in most parts precipitous, and there is only one spot from which it can be annoyed with artillery. This is a pointed rock, at a few hundred yards to the southwest of it, from which it was battered by Mohammed II. Before the introduction of artillery, it was deemed almost impregnable, and had never been taken except by treachery or surprise. Owing to its natural strength, a small number of men was deemed sufficient to garrison it; and in the time of Aratus, according to Plutarch, it was defended by 400 soldiers, 50 dogs, and as many keepers. It was surrounded with a wall by Cleomenes. It shoots up majestically from the plain to a considerable height, and forms a conspicuous object at a great distance: it is clearly seen from Athens, from which it is not less than fortyfour miles in a direct line. Strabo affirms that it is 3 1-2 stadia in perpendicular height, but that the ascent to the top is 30 stadia by the road, the circuitous inflections of which render this no extravagant computation. The Acrocorinthus contains within its walls a town and three mosques. Athenæus commends the water in the Acrocorinthus as the most salubrious in Greece. It was at this fount that Pegasus was drinking when taken by Bellerophon." (Dodwell, vol. 2, p. 187.) All modern travellers who have visited this spot, give a glowing description of the view obtained from the ridge. Consult, in particular, Clarke's Travels, vol. 6, p. 750.

when he lived is uncertain: he is thought, however, to have been later than Servius. Acron's scholia on Horace have descended to us in part, or at least only a part was ever published. They are valuable on account of their containing the remarks of C. Æmilius, Julius Modestus, and Q. Terentius Scaurus, the oldest commentators on Horace. Acron also wrote scholia on Terence, which are cited by Charisius, but they have not reached us. Some critics ascribe to him the scholia which we have on Persius. (Schoell, Hist. Litt. Rom. 3, 326.)

ACROPOLIS, in a special sense, the citadel of Athens, an account of which will be given under the article Athens.

ACROPOLITA. Vid. Supplement.

ACROTATUS, I. son of Cleomenes, king of Sparta, died before his father, leaving a son called Areus, who contended for the crown with Cleonymus his uncle, and obtained it through the suffrages of the senate. Cleonymus, in his disappointment, called in Pyrrhus of Epirus. (Paus. 3, 6.-Plut. vit. Pyrrh.-Paus. 1, 13.)-II. A king of Sparta, son of Areus, and grandson of the preceding. He reigned one year. Before ascending the throne, he distinguished himself by courageously defending Sparta against Pyrrhus. (Plut. vit. Pyrrh.)

ACROTHŎUM. Vid. Acroathos.

ACTA or ACTE, strictly speaking, a beach or shore on which the waves break, from ůyw, “to break.” According to Apollodorus (Steph. B. s. v. 'AKT), the primitive name of Attica was 'AKT (Acte), from the circumstance of two of its sides being washed by the sea. The name is also applied by Thucydides to that part of the peninsula of Athos which is below the city of Sane and including it. Besides Sane, the historian mentions five other cities as being situate upon it. (Thucyd. 4, 109.)

ACTEON, a celebrated hunter, son of Aristaus and Autonoë the daughter of Cadmus. Having inadvertently, on one occasion, seen Diana bathing, he was changed by the goddess into a stag, and was hunted down and killed by his own hounds. (Ov. Met. 3, 155, seqq.) The scene of the fable is laid by the poets at Gargaphia, a fountain of Boeotia, on Mount Citharon, about a mile and a half from Platea. From a curious passage in Diodorus Siculus (4, 81), a suspicion arises, that the story of Actron is a corruption of some earlier tradition, respecting the fate of an intruder into the mysteries of Diana. Wesseling's expla nation does not appear satisfactory, although it may serve as a clew to the true one. (Wesseling, ad Diod. Sic. l. c.)

ACRON, I. a king of the Caninenses, whom Romulus slew in battle, after the affair of the Sabine women. His arms were dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius, and his subjects were incorporated with the Roman people. (Plut. Vit. Rom.) Propertius styles him Caninus Acron, from the name of his city and people (4, 10, 7), and also Herculeus (4, 10, 9), from the circumstance of all the Sabine race tracing their descent from Her- ACTEUS, the first king of Attica, according to the cules or Sancus.-II. A celebrated physician of Agri- ancient writers. He was succeeded by Cecrops, to gentum in Sicily, contemporary with Empedocles whom he had given one of his daughters in marriage. (Diog. Laert. 8, 65). Plutarch speaks of his having (Paus. 1, 2.—Clem. Alex. 1, 321.) He is called by been at Athens during the time of the great plague, some Actæon. (Strab. 397.-Harpocr. s. v. 'Aktý. which occurred B.C. 430. He aided the Athenians-Consult Siebelis, ad Paus. l. c.) on that occasion, by causing large fires to be kindled in their streets. (Plut. Is. et Os. 383.) Acron is generally regarded as the founder of the sect of Empirics or Experimentalists (Pseud. Gal. Isag. 372). As this school of medicine, however, had a much later date, it is probable that he was merely one of the class of physicians called Tepiodevrai, who did not confine themselves to mere theory, but went round and visited patients. His contempt for the mysterious charlatanism of Empedocles drew upon him the hatred of that philosopher. At least it is fair to suppose that ACTIA, games renewed by Augustus in commemthis was the cause of their enmity. Acron wrote, ac-oration of his victory at Actium. They are also styled cording to Suidas, a treatise in Doric Greek, on the Ludi Actiaci by the Latin writers, and were celebrated healing art, and another on diet. He appears also, in the suburbs of Nicopolis. Strabo makes them to from the words of the lexicographer, to have turned have been quinquennial. Previously, however, to the his attention in some degree to the influence of cli- battle of Actium they occurred every three years. mate. (Consult Sprengel, Hist. Med. 1, 273.)—III. (Strab. 7, 325.) Helenius Acron, an ancient commentator. The period

ACTE, a freed woman of Asiatic origin. Suetonius (Vit. Ner. 28) informs us, that Nero, at one time, was on the point of making her his wife, having suborned certain individuals of consular rank to testify, under oath, that she was descended from Attalus. From a passage in Tacitus (Ann. 14, 2) it would appear, that Seneca introduced this female to the notice of the tyrant, in order to counteract, by her means, the dreaded ascendency of Agrippina. (Compare Dio Cass. 61, 7.)

ACTIS, one of the Heliades, or offspring of the Sun,

who, according to Diodorus Siculus (5, 57), migrated from Rhodes into Egypt, founded Heliopolis, and taught the Egyptians astrology. The same writer states, that the Greeks, having lost by a deluge nearly all their memorials of previous events, became ignorant of their claim to the invention of the science in question, and allowed the Egyptians to arrogate it to themselves. Wesseling considers this a mere fable, based on the national vanity of the Greeks, who, it is well known, inverted so many of the ancient traditions, and n this case, for example, made that pass from Greece into Egypt, which came in reality from Egypt to Greece. (Wess. ad Diod. Sic. I. c.)

ACTISANES, according to Diodorus Siculus (1, 60), a king of Æthiopia, who conquered Egypt and dethroned Amasis. He was remarkable for his moderation towards his new subjects, as well as for his justice and equity. All the robbers and malefactors, too, were collected from every part of the kingdom, and, having had their noses cut off, were established in Rhinocolura, a city which he had founded for the purpose of receiving them. We must read, no doubt, with Stephens and Wesseling, in the text of Diodorus, Awo instead of "Auaois, for the successor of Apries cannot here be meant. Who the Actisanes of Diodorus was, appears to be undetermined. According to Wesseling (ad loc.), Strabo is the only other writer that makes mention of him. (Strabo, 759.)

ACTORIDES, I. a patronymic given to Patroclus, grandson of Actor. (Ovid, Met. 13, fab. 1.)-II. The sons of Actor and Molione. (Vid. Molionides.) ACTORIUS. Vid. Supplement. ACTUARIUS. Vid. Supplement. ACULEO. Vid. Supplement. ACUMENUS. Vid. Supplement.

ACUSILAUS, a Greek historian, born at Argos, and who lived, according to Josephus (contr. Ap. 1, 2), a short time previous to the Persian invasion of Greece, being a contemporary of Cadmus of Miletus. He wrote a work entitled Genealogies," in which he gave the origin of the principal royal lines among his countrymen. He made historic times commence with Phoroneus, son of Inachus, and he reckoned 1020 years from him to the first Olympiad, or 776 B.C. We have only a few fragments of his work, collected by Sturz, and placed by him at the end of those of Pherecydes, published at Gera, 2d. ed., 1824.

ACUTICUS, M., an ancient comic writer, author of various pieces, entitled, Leones, Gemini, Bœotia, &c., and ascribed by some to Plautus. (Voss. de Poet. Lat. c. 1.)

Ad Quintum, Ad Decimum, &c.

AD AQUAS, AD AQUILAS, &c., a form common to very many names of places. The Roman legions, on many occasions, when stopping or encamping in any quarter, did not find any habitation or settlement by which the place in question might be designated, and ACTIUM, originally the name of a small neck of therefore selected for this purpose some natural object, land, called also Acte (AKT), at the entrance of the or some peculiar feature in the adjacent scenery. Thus Sinus Ambracius, on which the inhabitants of Anacto- Ad Aquas indicated a spot near which there was water, rium had erected a small temple in honour of Apollo. or an encampment near water, &c. Another form of On the outer side of this same promontory was a small common occurrence is that which denotes the number harbour, the usual rendezvous of vessels which did not of miles on any Roman road. Thus, Ad Quartum, wish to enter the bay. Scylax (p. 13) calls this har-"at the fourth mile-stone," supply lapidem. So also, bour Acte. Thucydides, however, applies this name to the temple itself. Polybius (4, 63) makes mention ADA, the sister of Artemisia. She married Hiof the temple, under the appellation of Actium, and drieus, her brother (such unions being allowed among speaks of it as belonging to the Acarnanians. Actium the Carians), and, after the death of Artemisia, asbecame famous, in a later age, for the decisive victory cended the throne of Caria, and reigned seven years which Augustus gained in this quarter over the fleet of conjointly with her husband. On the death of HiMarc Antony. From the accounts given of it by the drieus she reigned four years longer, but was then Roman writers, Actium appears to have been, about driven from her dominions by Pixodarus, the youngest the time of this battle, nothing more than a temple on of her brothers, who had obtained the aid of the satrap a height, with a small harbour below. The conqueror Orontobates. Alexander the Great afterward restored beautified the sacred edifice, and very probably a num-her to her throne. She was the last queen of Caria. ber of small buildings began after this to arise in the vicinity of the temple. (Strab. 325.-Sueton. Vit. Aug. 17.-Cic. ep. ad fam. 16, 9.) Hence Strabo (451) applies to it the epithet of xwpiov. It never, however, became a regular city, although an inattentive reader would be likely to form this opinion from the language of Mela (2, 3) and Pliny (4, 1). Both these writers, however, in fact confound it with Nicopolis. There are no traces of the temple at the present day, but Ponqueville found some remains of the Hippodrome and Stadium. More within the Sinus Ambracius (Gulf of Arta) lies the small village of Azio. Hence probably, according to Mannert, originated the error of D'Anville, who places Actium, in contradiction to all ancient authorities, at some distance within the bay. ADAMANTEA, Jupiter's nurse in Crete, who sus(Vid. Nicopolis, and compare Mannert, 8, 70.-pended him in his cradle from a tree, that he might be Ponquerille, 3, 445.)

ACTIUS, a surname of Apollo, from Actium, where he had a temple. (Virg. En. 8, v. 704.) ACTIUS Navius. Vid. Attus Navius.

(Quint. Curt. 2, 8.)

ADAD, an Assyrian deity, supposed to be the sun. Macrobius (Sat. 1, 23) states, that the name Adad means "One" (Unus), and that the goddess Adargatis was assigned to this deity as his spouse, the former representing the Sun, and the latter the Earth. He also mentions, that the effigy of Adad was represented with rays inclining downward, whereas they extend upward from that of Adargatis. Selden (de Diis Syris, c. 6, synt. 1) thinks that Macrobius must be in error when he makes Adad equivalent to "One," and that he must have confounded it with the word Chad, which has that meaning.

ADEUS. Vid. Supplement.

found neither on the earth, the sea, nor in heaven. To drown the infant's cries, she caused young boys to clash small brazen shields and spears as they moved around the tree. She is probably the same as Amal, thea.

ADAMANTIUS. Vid. Supplement.

ACTOR, the father of Mencetius, and grandfather of Patroclus, who is hence called Actorides. The birth of Actor is by some placed in Locris, by others in ADANA, a city of Cilicia, southeast of Tarsus, on Thessaly. As a Thessalian, he is said to have been the Sarus, or Sihon. It was at one time a large and the son of Myrmidon and Pisidia, the daughter of Æo-well-known place, and was said to have been founded lus, and husband of Egina, daughter of the Asopus; and to have conceded his kingdom, on account of the rebellion of his sons, to Peleus. (Ov. Trist. 1, 9.) Consult, on the different individuals of this name, the remarks of Heyne, ad Apollod. 3, 13.

by Adanus, son of Uranus and Gaa. (Steph. B.)

ADDUA, now Adda, a river of Cisalpine Gaul, rising in the Rhotian Alps, traversing the Lacus Larius, and falling into the Po to the west of Cremona. old editions of Strabo, it is termed in one passage

In the

(204) the Adula (ỏ 'Adoúλaç), but this is an error of ADMо, an engraver on precious stones in the time the copyists, arising probably from the name of Mount of Augustus. His country is uncertain. An elegant Adula, which precedes. Tzschucke restores ó 'Ad-portrait of Augustus, engraved by him, is described by δούας. Mongez, Icon. Rom. tab. 18, n. 6.

ADES, or HADES, an epithet originally of Pluto, the monarch of the shades; afterward applied to the lower world itself. The term is derived by most etymologists from a privative, and ɛidw, video, alluding to the darkness supposed to prevail in this abode of the dead. That this is the true derivation, indeed, will appear from what the poets tell us of the helmet of Pluto (κvv 'Aïdov), which had the power of rendering the wearer invisible. (Hom. Il. 5, 845.) For farther remarks on the Hades of the Greeks, vid. Tartarus.

ADONIA, a festival in honour of Adonis, celebrated both at Byblus in Phoenicia, and in most of the Grecian cities. Lucian (de Syria Dea.-vol. 9, p. 88, seqq., ed. Bip.) has left us an account of the manner in which it was held at Byblus. According to this writer, it lasted during two days, on the first of which everything wore an appearance of sorrow, and the death of the favourite of Venus was indicated by public mourning. On the following day, however, the aspect of things underwent a complete change, and the greatest joy prevailed on account of the fabled resurrection of Adonis from the dead. During this festival the priests of Byblus shaved their heads, in imitation of the priests of Isis in Egypt. In the Grecian cities, the manner of holding this festival was nearly, if not exactly, the same with that followed in Phoenicia. On the first day all the citi

ADGANDESTRIUS, a prince of the Catti, who wrote a letter to the Roman senate, in which he promised to destroy Arminius, if poison should be sent him for that purpose from Rome. The senate answered, that the Romans fought their enemies openly, and never used perfidious measures. (Tacit. Ann. 2, c. 88.) ADHERBAL, Son of Micipsa, and grandson of Masi-zens put themselves in mourning, coffins were exposed nissa, was besieged at Cirta, and put to death by Jugurtha, after vainly imploring the aid of Rome, B.C. 112. (Sallust, Jug. 5, 7, &c.) According to Gesenius (Phan. Mon., p. 399, seq.), the more Oriental form of the name is Atherbal, signifying "the worshipper of Baal.' From this the softer form Adherbal arose. The MSS. of Sallust often give Atherbal, with which we may compare the Greek 'Arúpbas. (Diod. Sic. lib. 34, fragm.-vol. 10, p. 132, ed. Bip.-Polyb. 1, 46, &c.)

ADIABÈNE, a region in the northern part of Assyria, and to the cast of the Tigris. During the Macedonian sway, it comprised all the country between the Zabus Major and Minor. Under the Parthian sway it comprehended the country as far as the Euphrates, including what was previously Aturia. It was afterward the seat of a kingdom dependant on the Parthian power, which disappeared from history, however, on the rise of the second Persian empire. (Plin. 5, 12, &c.) ADIATORIX. Vid. Supplement. ADIMANTUS. Vid. Supplement.

at every door; the statues of Venus and Adonis were borne in procession, with certain vessels full of earth, in which the worshippers had raised corn, herbs, and lettuce, and these vessels were called the gardens of Adonis ('Adúvidos Kπоι). After the ceremony was over they were thrown into the sea or some river, where they soon perished, and thus became emblems of the premature death of Adonis, who had fallen, like a young plant, in the flower of his age. (Histoire du Culte d'Adonis: Mem. Acad. des Inscrip, &c., vol. 4, p. 136, seqq.-Dupuis, Origine de Cultes, vol. 4, p. 118, seqq., ed. 1822.-Valckenaer, ad Theoc. 'Adwvius. in Arg.) The lettuce was used among the other herbs on this occasion, because Venus was fabled to have deposited the dead body of her favourite on a bed of lettuce. In allusion to this festival, the expression 'Adúvidoç Kжоι became proverbial, and was applied to whatever perished previous to the period of maturity. (Adagia Veterum, p. 410.) Plutarch relates, in his life of Nicias, that the expedition against Syracuse set sail from the harbours of Athens, at the very time when

ADMĒTĒ, I. (Vid. Supplement.) — II. A daughter the women of that city were celebrating the mournful of Oceanus and Tethys, whom Hyginus, in the preface part of the festival of Adonis, during which there were to his fables, calls Admeto, and a daughter of Pontus to be seen, in every quarter of the city, images of the and Thalassa, which last was the offspring of Ether and Hemera. (Hom. Hymn. in Cererem, 421.-Hesiod. Theog. 349.)

ADMETUS, I. Son of Pheres, king of Phere in Thessaly, and who succeeded his father on the throne. He married Theone, daughter of Thestor, and, after her death, Alcestis, daughter of Pelias, so famous for her conjugal heroism. It was to the friendship of Apollo that he owed this latter union. The god having been banished from the sky for one year, in consequence of his killing the Cyclopes, tended during that period the herds of Admetus. Pelias had promised his daughter to the man who should bring him a chariot drawn by a lion and a wild boar, and Admetus succeeded in this by the aid of Apollo. The god also obtained from the Fates, that Admetus should not die if another person laid down his or her life for him, and Alcestis heroically devoted herself to death for her husband. Admetus was so deeply affected at her loss, that Proserpina actually relented; but Pluto remained inexorable, and Hercules at last descended to the shades and bore back Alcestis to life. Admetus was one of the Argonauts, and was also present at the hunt of the Calydonian boar. Euripides composed a tragedy on the story of Alcestis, which has come down to us. (Apollod. 1, 8.-Tibull. 2, 3.-Hygin. fab. 50, 51, &c.)-II. A king of the Molossi, to whom Themistocles, when banished, fled for protection. (Vid. Themistocles.)-III. A Greek epigrammatic poet, who lived in the early part of the second century after Christ.

dead, and funeral processions, the women accompanying them with dismal lamentations. Hence an unfavourable omen was drawn of the result of the expedition, which the event but too fatally realized. Theocritus, in his beautiful Idyll entitled 'Adwviášovoai, has left us an account of the part of this grand anniversary spectacle termed ʼn eupeois, "the finding," i. e., the resurrection of Adonis, the celebration of it having been made by order of Arsinoë, queen of Ptolemy Philadelphus. Boettiger (Sabina, p. 265) has a very ingenious idea in relation to the fruits exhibited on this joyful occasion. He thinks it impossible, that even so powerful a queen as Arsinoë should be able to obtain in the spring of the year, when this festival was always celebrated, fruits which had attained their full maturity (pia). He considers it more than probable that they were of wax. This conjecture will also furnish another, and perhaps a more satisfactory, explanation of the phrase 'Adúvidоç кññоι, denoting things whose exterior promised fairly, while there was nothing real or substantial within. Adonis was the same deity with the Syrian Tammuz, whose festival was celebrated even by the Jews, when they degenerated into idolatry (Ezekiel, 8, 14); and Tammuz is the proper Syriac name for the Adonis of the Greeks. (Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. ii., p. 86.) (Vid. Adonis.)

ADONIS, I. son of Cinyras, by his daughter Myrrha (vid. Myrrha), and famed for his beauty. He was ardently attached to the chase, and notwithstanding the entreaties of Venus, who feared for his safety and loved him tenderly, he exposed himself day after day it. the