modern thought, 22; the authority of Scripture
the grand centre towards which all lines of
thought in these expositions tend, 23; the "As-
tronomical Discourses," ib.; seasonableness of
their delivery, 24; value of his argument yet un-
abated, ib.; becoming every day consolidated, 25;
plurality of worlds, 25, 26; the several discourses
reviewed, 26-28; Daily Scripture Readings,"
28, 29; "Sabbath Scripture Readings," 29, 30;
the "Institutes of Theology," 30, 31, 37, 38; Christ-
ianity in Scotland, 31, 32; Chalmers as a theolo-
gian, 32-34; his prelections on Butler and Paley,
34, 35; the purpose in view throughout this
article, 38, 39.

China. See Opium Trade.

Cockburn's "Memorials of his Time," 122; this title
a misnomer, ib.; Memorials yet unpublished, 123;
Cockburn's early life, ib.; Thomson and Cranston,
133, 124; Jeffrey, 124; Cockburn as an advocate,
125; his position on the bench, ib. ; lengthy re-
ports of decisions, 126; characteristics of his judi-
cial opinions, ib.; Brougham's Article on Cock-
burn in the "English Law Magazine," 126, 127;
Cockburn's promotion, 127; anecdote of Brough-
am, ib.; his charge of exaggeration, 128; his
Sketches criticised, 129; the Scottish reign of
terror, 130; political trials of 1796, ib.; Lord
Braxfield, 130, 131; his severity as a judge, 131,
132; whig advocates of 1796, 133; Henry Erskine,
184; anecdote of Moncrieff, ib.; political prosecu-
tions, 134, 135; quotation from one of Burke's
speeches, 135; the theory of advocacy, 136; diffi-
culties of the advocate's position, ib.; Jeffrey as
an advocate and as a judge, 136, 137; his literary
work, 137; Cockburn as his biographer, ib. ; cha-
racter of Horner, 138-140; change of manners
among the Scottish people, 140; Edinburgh, 142;
peculiarities of society there, 143; Edinburgh
Suppers, ib.; legal reform, 144; Scotch appeals,
ib.; difference of English and Scotch law, 145;
reversal of Scotch decisions, 145, 146; a Scotch
lawyer in the House of Lords, 146.

E

England, Froude's History of, 39; the real life of
past times, ib.; strictures on the principles on which
our English histories have been constructed, 39,
40; sacerdotal histories, 40; irreverence for our
forefathers, 41; "An ancient Hebrew book," 41,
42; tone of Mr. Froude's History, 42; dramatic
faculty in history, ib.; critique of Hallam's opinion
of Henry VIII., 43; Mr. Froude's text-books, 44;
his opinion on the divorce question, ib.; times of
Henry VIII., 45; Anne Boleyn, ib.; Wolsey, 46,
Froude's sympathies not party ones, ib. ; his view
of Henry's character not new, but obsolete, 47;
Henry, as described by him, 47, 48; Froude and
Hallam, 48, 49; Henry and his Parliament, 49,
50; was this old parliament servile? 50, 51;
Government influence, 51; the charge of tyranny
against the Tudors repelled by Froude, 51, 52;
was there any real lack of liberty in those times?
53; working classes under Henry, 53, 54; quota-
tion from Froude's introductory chapter, 54; the
old idea of liberty, 54, 55; Britain the only mili-
tary nation, 55, 56; war the normal condition of
the world, 56; views of continental nations as to
our present peace, 57.
English Statesmen-Bolingbroke, 99; Remusat's

journalism in England, ib.; its influence, 105; ex-
tracts from Dean Swift's journal, ib.; was Boling-
broke a traitor? 106; his declaration of war
against the press, ib.; proposed restrictions on it,
107; his flight to the Continent, 107, 108; his re-
lations to the Pretender, 108; his re-expatriation
and subsequent return, ib.; his literary connex-
ions, 109; his influence with Voltaire and Pope,
ib.; his old age, 110; his death and character,
110, 111; critique of Remusat's work, 111, 112.

F

France-the coup d'état of December 1851, 99; its
results, 100, 101; the case brought home to Eng-
lish apprehension, 100; case of M. de Remusat,
ib.; remarkable change in the journalism of
France and England, 100-104.

Franklin, Sir John, question of his fate, 236.

H

Hooker (Richard), works of, 247; Walton's Life
characterized, ib.; his birth, parentage, and edu-
cation, 248; his college life, 249; appointed to
preach at St. Paul's Cross, ib.; Mrs. Churchman's
kindness and its results, 250; his marriage, ib. ;
country parsonage at Drayton Beauchamp, ib. ;
election to the mastership of the Temple, 251;
contest between Hooker and Travers, ib.; the
early Puritans, 252; Field and Wilcox, 253;
Thomas Cartwright, ib.; state of matters when
Hooker succeeded to the mastership of the Tem-
ple, 254, 255; Hooker and Travers as rival
preachers, 255; interference of the archbishop,
256; removal to Bishopsborne, ib.; his life there,
256, 257; illness and death, 257; Mrs. Hooker
and her husband's MSS., 257-258; evidence of
their having been tampered with, 258; Puritan
interference, 259; characteristics of Hooker's
great work, ib.; Hooker as a thinker and writer,
260; the Law of Nature, the Celestial Law, the
Law of Reason, 261, 262; origin of government,
262, 263; Laws Supernatural, 263; point of his
general reasoning, 263, 264; the direct origin of
laws an indifferent question with Hooker, and
why, 264; character of Puritanism, ib.; Scripture
and reason, 265; Hooker's position against the
Puritans, ib.; the jus divinum in church gover-
ment, 266; modern High-Church theory, 266,
267; Romanism, its logical termination, 267
Hooker no Erastian, ib.; his position in Church
of England annals, 268.

N

Novels (Religious) "a novel" defined, 112; the
novelist, humourist, and satirist, 112, 113; didac-
tic or controversial novel, 113; objections to
didactic novels, 114; tendency to impersonate
abstractions, 115; ridicule as applied to religious
controversy, ib.; objection to the satirical class of
religious novels, 116; fiction unsuited for convey-
ing religious truth, ib.; Miss Yonge's novels, 117;
"Loss and Gain," 118; "Perversion," ib. ; out-
line of the story, 119, 120; life at Oxford, 121;
author of "Perversion" should abandon fiction,
122.

firmity of their moral nature, 280; civil war in
China, ib.; the miseries consequent on opium-
smoking, 281; the comparative recentness of this
habit, ib.; average daily consumption, 282; rela-
tion of the opium-trade to the interests of the East
India Company, ib.; culture of the poppy in India,
283; revenue to the Indian Government, ib.;
possibility of China raising its own opium, 284;
in such a case, what would be the course of the
Indian Government? 285; resources of India :
territorial acquisitions, culture of cotton, &c., canal
navigation, 285, 286; how these resources affect
the opium-trade, 286, 287; proportion of revenue
to ordinary charges, 287; British trade with
India, 288, 295; how our Chinese customers are
affected by the opium-trade, 288; opium-smoking
more pernicious than opium-eating, 289; Chinese
opium-shops described, ib. ; testimonies of Chinese
residents, 289, 290; the opium war, 290; opium
a barrier to the reception of Christianity, 291; is
there a remedy? 291, 292; singularity of the
opium culture, 292; this traffic a mutual mischief,
293; British interests and Indian revenue, ib.;
Chinese civilization, 294; the opium-trade a bar-
rier to British commerce, 295; it is limitable, 296;
commerce and Christian missions, 297; anomalous
position of missionaries to China, ib.; the duty of!
England, 298.

S

Sight, of the five senses the most important, 78;
speculations on man's condition without it, 79; the
human eye described, 79-81; ascertained facts in
reference to vision, 81; mode in which vision is
performed, ib.; its phenomena, 82; new affections
of the foramen centrale, ib.; luminosity of the eye
by compression, 83; binocular vision, 84; two
eyes necessary for important purposes other than
that of symmetry, ib.; the vision of distance, 85;
importance of binocular pictures for the stereo-
scope being taken at the proper angle, ib.; the
true theory of single vision with two eyes, 86, 87;
diseases of the cornea: conical cornea, 88, 89;
cylindrical cornea and its cure, 89; partial opacity,
ib.; thickening of the fluid which lubricates the
cornea, ib.; origin and cure of cataract, 90, 91;
phenomena of musca volitantes, 91-93; are quite
harmless, 93; hemiopsy and its causes, 93, 94;
double vision, 94; adjustment of the eye, 95;
state of the eyes requiring the aid of spectacles,
ib.; Mr. Salom's visometer recommended, 96;
when should spectacles be first used? 97; read-
ing-glasses, 97, 98; spectacles for long and short
sight, 98; green the best of coloured glasses; the
injuriousness of blue, ib.; spectacles for strong
and weak light, 98, 99; preciousness of eyesight,

99.

con-

Spain-the question of ecclesiastical sales, 147;
government of Espartero, ib.; history of the aliena-
tion of ecclesiastical property, 148, 149; its influ-
ence on the future of Spain, 149; antagonism
between the constitution of the government and
the character of the people, 150; Spanish
servatism," ib.; the constitution of 1837, 151;
three distinct organizations of popular authority,
151, 152; objections to the Constitution, 152;
what Spain requires, 152, 153; Moderados and
Progresistas, 153; political distinctiveness of the
Spanish provinces, 153, 154; social reforms, 154;
review of the condition of Spain, ib.; government
there not that of moral authority, but of forcible
usurpation, 155.

Style (Modern), 182; the Augustan age, 183; im-
portance of style, 184; style the rhythm of prose.

ib.; differs with the subject, ib.; formed and
unformed, 185; style and genius, ib.; originality
two-fold, 186; how to write readably, 186, 187;
writing conventionally, 187; Emerson, Wilson,
and Bulwer, the poets of prose, 187, 188; humour
and impertinence, 188; satire a confession of
weakness, ib.; Biblical style, 189; changes of
meaning in English words, ib.; style affected by
philosophy and woman's position, 190; restora-
tion of the romantic school in England, ib.; effect
of cheap and railway literature, 190, 191; young.
ladyism in literature, 191; the "natural" school,
ib.; the French remarkable for their terseness, ib. :
French versus English, 192; history and histo-
rians, ib.; Hume, Gibbon, Hallam, 193; Mack-
intosh, Mitford, and Grote, 193, 194; Macaulay
and Alison, 194; Guizot and Lamartine the pre-
sent two extremes of French historical style, 195:
the Essay, ib.; Anglo-Saxon love of individual
opinion, ib.; quarterly Reviews, 196; value of
criticism, ib.; necessity now of rapid critiques, ib. :
consequent change in our quarterlies, ib.; Sydney
Smith, 197; Jeffrey and Wilson, ib.; compound
words, 198; Carlyle and Emerson, ib.;
scriptive literature," 199; biography, history, fic-
tion, ib.; classical, romantic, and natural schools
of fiction, 200; the humorists, ib.; the natural
school, Dickens, ib.; the romantic school, Bulwer
and Disraeli, 201; sporting, maudlin, and dra-
matic novels, 201, 202.

U

"de-

United States Politics, 289; progress of the States.
299; slavery, ib.; its demoralizing effects, 300:
predominance of slavery party, 301; the Missouri
compromise, 301, 302; Kansas, 302, 303; Missou-
rian outrages, 303-305; democratic tyranny, 305;
Mr. Sumner's oratory, 306-308; the Sumner out-
rage, 308-310; position of the Free States, 311:
Mr. Buchanan and his opinions, 311, 312; his
probable policy, 312; prejudice against negroes,
313; future relations with the United States.
315, 316.

W

Women, employment of, 157; amateur work, 158;
the useful and the beautiful, 159; workhouses,
160; neighbourhoods, 163; maid-of-all-work, 166:
male and female servants, 167; Defects of educa-
tion, 169; wants of organization, 172; slop-work.
171; case of Maria Perkins, 175; lady-workers,
177; teachers, ib.; governess life, 179; women
and watchwork, 181.

Workmen of Europe (M. Le Play's) 57; incorrect
spirit in which his work is executed, 58; work-
men of the East and West, 59; his three régimes
of labour, ib.; classification of workmen, 60; asso-
ciations corporate and communistic, ib.; the pre-
sent state of society being transitional, communism
unlikely to succeed, 61; communistic nomads, ib.:
improvidence of the working-classes the chief bar-
rier in attempting to ameliorate their condition,
62; necessity of economy, ib.; workmen in
Spain, France, Italy, &c., ib.; Britain excluded
from Le Play's list of the most economical and in-
dustrious workmen of Europe, ib.; his division
into four sources of the (foreign) workmen's in-
come-tenure of land, &c., ib.; subventions, 64;
"travaux speciaux," ib. ; tailors and dressmakers
in the East, 65; the labour of women, ib.; Le
Play's views on the domestic circle, 66; varieties

of food, 66, 67; physical condition of workmen
abroad, 67; the Belgian ouvrier and prisoner, ib.;
the dwellings of the working-classes, 67, 68; the
cost of light and clothes, 68, 69; the aids of misery
and the causes of misery to be distinguished, 69;
utility of baths, ib.; the Bachkirs of Russia, 70;
the peasants of Hungary, 72; recognised serfdom
and seigneurial absolutism. ib.; mode of life

among Hungarian day-labourers, 73; Vienneso
cabinet-makers, ib.; cotton-spinners of the Rhine,
and Genevese watchmakers, 74; the London cut-
ler, 75; Parisian workmen, ib.; compagnons and
close guilds, 76; view of the condition of the
Western working world, 77; necessity of justice
to the workman, ib.; deficiencies of M. Le Play's
work, 78.