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of 'N. & Q.' It would please many, I dare say,
to hear of others, or of one even of an earlier date
than this of Butterleigh, in Devon. I pray for a
little corner for the following. In Butterleigh
Church the inscription on the poor-box is, "This
boxe is Frelie given to receave almes for ye
Poore." Dated 1629. Butterleigh is near Cul-......the 25th of March, 1784" :-
Jompton. In the church at Cartmel, a village near
Grange, is a poor-box with a hole in the top, and
on its side the legend," Remember the poor, 1662."
HERBERT HARDY.

March 25 and March 26 of that year, two different
accounts of the "burglary in the Lord Chancellor's
house," when the Great Seal was stolen. A new
seal appears to have been made immediately, as a
general election was pending, and, according to
the London Gazette of March 27, "At the Court

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"THE NEW TIMON' (8th S. iii. 328).—In answer

to TANG JE PUVs, I send the lines:

Not mine, not mine (O Muse forbid !) the boon

Of borrowed notes, the mock-bird's modish tune,

The jingling medley of purloin'd conceits,

"A new Great Seal of Great Britain having been prepared by his Majesty's Chief Engraver of Seals,...... and the same having been this day presented to his Majesty in Council, and approved, his Majesty was thereupon graciously pleased to deliver the said new Seal to the Right Honourable Edward Lord Thurlow, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, and to direct that the same shall be made use of for sealing all things whatsoever which pass the Great Seal."

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I cannot find any mention of the recovery of this old seal, but there is an anecdote" respecting the "Great Seal of England," which was thrown into the Thames by James II., being brought up in the net of "a fisherman between Lambeth and Vauxhall."-P. 298. J. F. MANSERGH. Liverpool.

There is no record of any subsequent recovery of the Great Seal, which was stolen from Lord Thurlow's house in Great Ormond Street on March 24, 1784. An Order in Council was immediately made for the engraving of a new seal,

Out babying Wordsworth, and out glittering Keates [sic] of slightly altered design, and so expeditiously was

Where all the airs of patchwork-pastoral chime

To drowsy ears in Tennysonian rhyme !
Am I enthrall'd but by the sterile rule,
The formal pupil of a frigid school,

If to old laws my Spartan tastes adhere,
If the old vigorous music charms my ear,

Where sense with sound, and ease with weight combine,
In the pure silver of Pops's ringing line;

Or where the pulse of man beats loud and strong
In the frank flow of Dryden's lusty song?
Let school-miss Alfred vent her chaste delight
On "darling little rooms so warm and bright!"
Chaunt "I'm aweary "in infectious strain,
And catch her "blue fly singing i' the pane."
Tho' praised by Critics, tho' adored by Blues,
Tho' Peel with pudding plump the puling muse,
Tho' Theban taste the Saxon's purse controuls,
And pensions Tennyson, while starves a Knowles,
Rather, be thou, my poor Pierian Maid,
Decent at least, in Hayley's weeds array'd,
Than patch with frippery every tinsel line,
And flaunt, admired, the Rag Fair of the Nine !

The New Timon, a Romance of London,' Henry
Colburn, publisher, 1846.

That Tennyson bitterly resented this satire can be seen from the lines he sent to Punch in February, 1846, entitled "The New Timon, and the Poets,' in which he ridiculed Lytton as a padded fop. The lines are signed Alcibiades. Tennyson had the good sense to cut out the "darling room from later editions of his poems, and not to reprint his reply to Lytton.

WALTER HAMILTON. 16, Elms Road, Clapham Common, S. W.

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this done that the king was able to deliver it to
the Chancellor on the following day. Lord Camp-
bell, in his 'Lives of the Chancellors,' quotes some
satirical lines from the 'Rolliad' in allusion to the
loss of the seal; and the same author adds in a
note (v. 565) that, for some unknown reason, the
Great Seal was again changed some six weeks
later.
OSWALD, O.S.B.

Fort Augustus, N.B.

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SCOTTISH COUNTIES (8th S. iii. 229, 331).ASTARTE will find the names of the old divisions THE GREAT SEAL (8th S. iii. 267). The of Scotland in a map (No. 13) of that country in London Chronicle for 1784 has, under the dates | 1285, which is contained in Gardiner's 'School

"Companion

Atlas of English History.' This atlas was pub-"poet's friend" leaves no room for doubt as to lished last year as a to the whom Tennyson refers to as "the Pilot." Though Student's History of England.' published recently in the Athenum, his explanation deserves the further notice it will receive in 'N. & Q.':

J. F. MANSERGH.

"Like many other Tennysonians, C. is in error in supposing that Tennyson, in the lines,—

I hope to see my Pilot face to face
When I have crost the bar,

Liverpool, "TROUTS" (8th S. iii. 366).—Moule's 'Heraldry of Fish' has an interesting chapter on trout as a bearing; but the author never speaks of this charge with the s added (no matter what number may appear upon the shield), and he is always regarded referred to Arthur Henry Hallam, or to his son Lionel, as most scrupulously exact and laboriously pains-Pilot is alone conclusive as to whether or not he or to any other person...... His use of a capital P. in taking, I believe. J. BAGNALL. alluded to an individual. Why do they suppose that I Water Orton. spelt "Pilot" with a big P?' he would say when told that people were in the habit of reading into the lines a personal reference. This contradiction must be taken not as the expression merely of my own opinion upon the point, but as the statement of a matter of fact quite beyond discussion, and established by the testimony of the present Lord Tennyson, whose letter upon the subject lies before me."-No. 3391, p. 555.

This plural form of trout is of much than the 'Diary' of Sir Walter Scott.

earlier date It occurs, e. g., in Beaumont and Fletcher's 'The Scornful Lady,' Act III.:—

Be a baron, and a bold one,

Leave off your tickling of young heirs like trouts,
And let thy chimnies smoke.

Lincoln's Inn.

WALTER B. KINGSFORD.

LAURAS (8th S. iii. 320).—May I supplement an editorial reply? If T. wants to know what Lauras are, he should read 'Hypatia.'

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

"A FLY ON THE CORPORAL" (8th S. ii. 147, 298).Need we go to any old play for the origin of "Keep your eye on the corporal"? Is it not a direction used in drilling recruits? E. H. M. Hastings.

SHAKSPEARE AND MOLIÈRE (8th S. ii. 42, 190, 294, 332, 389, 469; iii. 9, 70, 169, 318).-Your correspondent at the last reference will have some difficulty in proving that 'The Booke of Troilus and Cressida, Feb. 7, 1602, was written by Shakespeare. The preface prefixed to 'The Famous Historie has been sufficient to satisfy Shakespearean scholars that it was not:

"The natural inference appears to be, that in 1608 Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida' was a new play that got into print-it is hopeless to guess by what channel, illicit or otherwise before it was acted, and that the title-page was altered in the course of the year, after it had come out upon the stage."-W. W. Lloyd's 'Critical Essay on Troilus and Cressida.'

"The substance of the book issued in these two forms being the same, the natural inference is that when first published, the play, as the preface said, had not been acted; but that after it had first been produced at the Globe in that year 1609, the fact was recognized by inserting a new title-page and omitting the printer's preface that would be no longer true."-Henry Morley's 'Introduction to Troilus and Cressida,' Cassell's Library. Internal evidence also favours the later date.

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We have to thank P. X. for pointing out a beautiful prose parallel of Lord Tennyson's exquisite little poem. The ideas were analogous, Russell's marine novel. Viewed in the light of though possibly the Laureate never read Clark sublunary navigation, the idea of taking a pilot on board when the bar was crossed is incongruous. But Tennyson spoke of the voyage spiritual; the bar symbolizes death, and the sea, the great, unknown, chartless and trackless ocean of eternity. The imperative need of the Pilot suggests itself instantly, and is expressed in both poem and prose. W. A. HENderson. Dublin.

"CURSE OF SCOTLAND" (8th S. iii. 367, 398).— Looking through the back volumes of 'N. & Q.,' I see that there is no probable or possible explanation of this well-known crux that has not been at editorial note, however, seems to treat the whole one time or another brought forward. As one Culloden story as mythical, I will venture to add that I believe there is no doubt that Cumberland did write the order for the massacre of the wounded insurgents on a nine of diamonds which he picked up from the floor; and I am told on good authority that the identical card is preserved at Errol. It was here, it will be remembered, that Slains Castle, Aberdeenshire, the seat of Lord Johnson passed a night in August, 1773, and in spite of his "most elegant room," was kept awake by the blaze of the fire, the roar of the sea, and the smell of his pillows "made of the feathers of some sea-fowl." Lady Errol showed the old philosopher the "curiosities" of the place; but he does not tell us if this card was among them. The phrase, however, was certainly in use before 1715. Lord-Justice-Clerk Ormiston was nicknamed the "Curse of Scotland" in 1715.

Fort Augustus, N.B.

OSWALD, O.S.B.

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"STOAT," ITS DERIVATION (8th S. ii. 349, 514). In Lincolnshire the stoat is known as a "clubtail "; in Holderness, a clubstart." I recently heard a man say he had seen a clubstart bolt into a holestock," that is, into the tiled tunnel beneath a gatestead. Stoat is from the Anglo-Saxon steort, a tail. We have the word also in redstart, a bird which is This is

one of our common summer visitors. simply, and very properly, "red tail."

Eaton Hall, Retford.

JOHN CORDEaux.

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TITUS OATES (8th S. iii. 156, 254, 353).—I saw my erroneous ways soon after I wrote, but would not correct the mistakes, being anxious not to flee from the deserved rebuke. But though an unusual, it is not quite an indefensible expression, that 1619 is later than 1649, when used of a birth, if the event is looked at from the standpoint of 1893. An undoubted entry exists, dated Jan. 4, 1674/5, signed by Titus as curate of All Saints', Hastings. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

Hastings.

"THE CONFEDERATION OF KILKENNY' (8th S. iii. 347).—Written by the Rev. C. P. Meehan, and published in "Duffy's Library" at 18., 24mo., and Simpkin, London, 1846. J. F. M.

COL. CHARTERS (8th S. ii. 428; iii. 34, 117, 192). In the account of Charters given in Knapp and Baldwin's New Newgate Calendar' (London, n.d.) it is stated that his wife was "the daughter of Sir Alexander Swinton, of Scotland." There is a circumstantial account of his crimes, and particularly of the one for which he was condemned, in the article referred to; where also reference is made to "a fine mezzotinto print of him," "representing him standing at the bar of the Old Bailey, with his thumbs tied" (see 7th S. xi. 444, &c.), under which was an inscription beginning,

Blood!-must a colonel, with a lord's estate,
Be thus obnoxious to a scoundrel's fate?
Brought to the bar, and sentenc'd from the bench,
Only for ravishing a country wench?

C. C. B. MARTIN LISTER, M.D., F. R.S. (8th S. iii. 286, 337, 391).-Besides Michael and Jane, Dr. Martin Lister had two daughters. Munk's 'Roll of Physicians' has the following respecting them :"His book on conchology, Historia sive Synopsis Methodica Concbyliorum,' published in 1685, formed a new era in the science, and contributed chiefly to give celebrity to its author. It contains very accurate figures

of all the shells known in his time, amounting to upwards of a thousand, and it deserves to be recorded that they Lister. He also had a son Alexander of Balliol Col., Ox., were all drawn by his two daughters Susannah and Mary who mat. 9, 3, 1695/6, aged 16." C. H. I. G.

I do not know this name as architect of a church CHURCH DESIGNED BY LINDSEY (8th S. iii. 207). in Marylebone. It was the name of the builder, W. P. more probably.

REV. HENRY ADAMS (8th S. iii. 387).— Dec. 17, 1794."-Catalogue of all the Graduates in the "Adams (Henry) Wadh. B.A. June 12, 1789.-M.A. University of Oxford,' 1851, p. 3.

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COL. R. TOWNESEND: THOMAS CARTE (8th S. iii. 268).—It may help towards the elucidation of the point raised at the reference quoted, in the heading of which surely Col. R. Townesend's name was not required, to state that Thomas Carte, the historian, was the son of an Anglican clergyman, was born at Clifton-upon-Dunsmore, was educated at Rugby School and Brasenose College, Oxford, was ordained in the Church of England, was Chaplain to Bishop Atterbury and involved in his misfortunes, but was allowed eventually to return to England, where he died in 1754. The fact that he was buried in the chancel of Yattendon Church, Berkshire, is prima facie evidence that he remained in the Anglican communion. A. T. M.

HERALDIC (8th S. iii. 227).—I find in the pedigree of Lane, of Northamptonshire (Metcalfe's Visitations) that Robert Lane, of Walgrave, married Elizabeth Chancy. The Chancy arms are Or, three LEO CULLETON. chevrons engrailed gules.

ST. THOMAS'S Day Custom (8th S. iii. 29, 94, 158, 336).-Mr. C. H. Poole's book on 'The Customs, Superstitions, and Legends of the County of Stafford, was printed and published by Rowney & Co., 7, Whetstone Park, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. J. BAGNALL.

Water Orton.

spondent S. M. O. will find an interesting account SILVER SWAN (8th S. iii. 387).-Your corre

in Planché's Pursuivant of Arms' of the swan as a Lancastrian badge; but I cannot discover any reference to the order of the Silver Swan on my shelf of heraldic works, which now includes Norton-Elvin's last production, a comprehensive book, 'The Orders of Chivalry.'

had sundry badges, but the swan is not amongst As regards Richard II., this luxurious monarch them; perhaps the best known of the group is the White Hart.

In the chantry chapel of Henry V. at Westminster the swan is sculptured on the cornice, combined with the beacon and antelope, thus

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CAPT. RUSH (8th S. iii. 348).- The Royal Charlotte sailed from Portsmouth on her first voyage to China August 11, 1796, having Henry Rush for fourth mate; on her second voyage Rush was third mate; on her third voyage he was second mate; on her fourth and fifth voyages Rush was first mate; and on her sixth voyage, sailing from Portsmouth April 5, 1809, Henry Rush was her captain.

The name of the vessel and her captain will be found in Hardy's register of ships employed in the service of the honourable the United East India Company from the year 1760 to 1812.

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but Moll Flagon is not one that could well be performed by an actress. I have a water-colour drawing of Liston in this part by De Wilde, in which he is represented in a partly military costume-presumably a sutler-smoking vigorously from a short pipe. In proof that such an arrangement is not uncommon, I may mention that Mr. Keeley played Mrs. Caudle, and, if I mistake not, Mrs. Gamp. The late James Rogers also appeared in female parts. CHARLES WYLIE.

Moll Flagon is a low camp-follower in Gen. Burgoyne's comic opera The Lord of the Manor,' produced at Drury Lane December, 1780. The character was originally played by Suett, and when the piece was successfully revived at Covent Garden, and subsequently at Drury Lane and the Haymarket, was very effective in Liston's hands. The original picture in oils by De Wilde-never, I think, engraved-representing Liston, Jones, and Hamerton as Moll Flagon, young Contrast, and Corporal Trim, happens to be in my possession. Liston, in black petticoat, in the leather pocket of which lurks a black bottle, blue check apron and stockings, old scarlet regimental coat and straw bonnet, with clay pipe in hand, is a comical figure. Genest says Moll Flagon was borrowed from Steele's Kate Matchlock in 'The Funeral.' Another highly amusing personation of Liston's was his Buy-a-broom Girl, a parody on Miss Love's performance. The Lord of the Manor' is to be found in Cumberland's "British Theatre." ROBERT WALTERS.

Ware Priory.

BRIDGE AND CULVERT (8th S. iii. 248, 376).— I do not think any engineer would agree with your correspondents who state that a culvert with a flat top is a tunnel, and one without an invert a bridge. A culvert is a culvert, whether it is arched or has a flat top, and whether, owing to a bad or good foundation, it requires an invert or not. There are culverts without an invert, and bridges over watercourses with an invert. L. L. K.

WEDDING WREATHS (8th S. iii. 229, 332).—I am much obliged to MR. COLEMAN and MR. ANGUS for so kindly answering my question, and also to ALICE for the quotation she so kindly sent. I should like to know further when the orange blossom was first used in England, and what led to the adoption of this particular flower. Also, what is the modern Jewish custom; does the bride wear a wreath? What are the principal flowers worn by modern nations? Avis.

Permit me seriously to protest (although not anxious to be called a Protestant) against the assumption contained in MR. ANGUS's bracket, that "us [Catholics]" gives a definition of his own Church, to the exclusion of the Greek or of the Anglican. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings,

1

CHARLES GEORGE LEWIS (8th S. iii. 325).-The death and burial-place being the subject of a communication to 'N. & Q.,' the following paragraph from the Athenæum of June 26, 1880, is an appropriate accompaniment thereto :

"We may record the death of Mr. Charles George Lewis, the well-known engraver, on the 16th inst., in the seventy-third year of his age. He was a son of Mr. F. C. Lewis, and his pupil in art, a brother of the late J.F. Lewis, R.A. Many of his better known works are reproductions of Landseer's pictures; of these the list is considerable, and includes the names of To-ho! 'published in 1830, The Cat's Paw,' 1846, Islay, Macaw, and Love Birds, Breeze,' Shoeing,' The Otter Hunt,' A Cover Hack.' He engraved Mr. F. Tayler's 'Highland Larder.' EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road,

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table, useful to the collector, of contemporaneous
sovereigns in England and France. The whole is got up
papers made in Nuremberg and with a facsimile of the
in the publishers' best style, with end papers reproducing
binding of St. Cuthbert's Gospel, now in the library at
Stonyhurst.

English Folk-Rhymes. By G. F. Northall. (Kegan
Paul & Co.)
MR. NORTHALL has brought together a very large and
interesting collection of folk-rhymes, which he has
arranged in a fashion equally intelligible and convenient.
He has further enriched the whole with explanatory
notes, drawn principally from works of recognized
authority, a list of which is given in his prefatory
matter. A list absolutely exhaustive has not yet
appeared, and such, if it ever sees the light, can only,
perhaps, be done through the agency of a society. The
present is the largest we can recall. The opening
division deals with place-names arranged under counties.

especially in regard to certain subjects,-atmospheric
phenomena to wit. Thus, in Cornwall,-

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8th S. iii. There is naturally in these a good deal of repetition, 349).Woman's faith and woman's trust, &c. Song of Vidal the Minstrel, in 'The Betrothed,' chap. xx. C. F. S. WARren, M.A.

Is MR. DAVIES acquainted with a very similar expres-
sion in Aytoun's' Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers' (Prince
Charles Edward at Versailles on the anniversary of
Culloden) ?—

Woman's love is writ in water,
Woman's faith is traced in sand.

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An Historical Sketch of Bookbinding. By G. T. Prideaux. (Lawrence & Bullen).

INTEREST in bindings, early, rare, historical, or precious, mounts as interest in books, with the exception of the rarest, declines. While the price of an average incunable is in many cases lower now than fifty years ago, that of the binding of a Grolier or a Diane de Poitiers volume has steadily risen, until such now rank as costly gems. Books on bindings multiply accordingly with rapidity. Among recent productions on the subject few are likely to be of more utility than the volume of Mr. Prideaux, issued in attractive guise by Messrs. Lawrence & Bullen. The basis of the work is found in the author's introduction to the catalogue of the marvellously interesting exhibition of bookbindings held a couple of years ago at the Burlington Fine-Arts Club. To the matter then obtained and subsequently enlarged much matter of importance has been added, including a chapter on early stamped bindings by Mr. Gordon Duff. As a record of the progress of the binder's art the volume is excellent, the survey afforded being comprehensive and luminous. About half is occupied with an historical sketch of bookbinding from its beginning to the present century. A bibliography of works relating to binding, in which naturally N. & Q.' conspicuously figures, brings the whole to a close. Separate chapters are on "Embroidered Book-covers," "The Use of Metal in Bound Books," and "Book-Edge Decoration." An account of "Early Documents relating to the Art" is also given, and there is a

When Caradon's capped and St. Cleer hooded
Liskeard town will soon be flooded.

While in Yorkshire,

When Eston nabbe puts on a cloake,
And Rosberrye a cappe,

Then all the folks on Cleveland's clay
Ken there will be a clappe.

The sufficiently obvious rhyme between people and steeple, and the number of parish steeples, furnish much opportunity for local wit, which is not seldom ill-natured, In the case of the village of Ugley, in Essex, it was perhaps inevitable that we should hear of

Ugly church, ugly steeple,
Ugly parson, ugly people.
It is less obvious why we should have
Dirty Cowarne, wooden steeple,
Crack'd bell, wicked people;

or why, in Lancashire, we read of

Proud Ashton, poor people,

Ten bells, and an old crackt steeple.
More easily intelligible, higher in effort, and more sadly
significant as regards its closing lines, is
Boston Boston !

What hast thou to boast on?
High steeple, proud people,

And shoals that souls are lost on.

not a few of this class have passed through these pages,
Familiar enough are these things to our readers, since
to which, perhaps, they owe their escape from oblivion.
Folk-rhymes follow on history, book mottoes, supersti-
tions, customs, games, weather, what not, much of it
familiar, but all contributing agreeable reading. Thanks
to the authorities which Mr. Northall supplies, each say-
ing and explanation can be verified. Between five and
of undying interest to the folk-lorist.
six hundred handsome pages are crammed with matter

Book-Plates. By W. J. Hardy, F.S.A. (Kegan Paul
& Co.)
To the highly interesting series of "Books about
Books," which we have already more than once com-
mended to our readers, has been added an account of
• Book-Plates' by a writer of authority, whose attention
has long been fixed upon this now popular study. Mr.
Hardy's father, the late Sir William Hardy, was a col-
lector of book-plates before the pursuit was common.
A taste for a study equally dear to the antiquary, the

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