Εκκλησιαστής, Ασμα δ' αὖ τῶν ᾀσμάτων. Ναούμ μετ' αὐτούς· ̓Αμβακούμ. εἶτ ̓ ἔννατον, Τὸν αὐτὸν ἔργοις καὶ λόγοις σοφώτατον. Ex Iambis ad Seleucum. Beveridge's Pandect, ii. 179. JEROME, A.D. 392.—(Who does not receive one of them.) "Sciendum tamen est, quod et alii libri sunt, qui non sunt canonici, sed Ecclesiastici a majoribus appellati sunt, id est, Sapientia, quæ dicitur Salomonis, et alia sapientia, quæ dicitur filii Sirach; qui liber cum apud Latinos hoc ipso generali vocabulo Ecclesiasticus appellatur: quo vocabulo non auctor libelli, sed Scripturæ qualitas cognominata est. Ejusdem vero ordinis. libellus est Tobiæ et Judith, et Machabæorum libri." (Symbolum Ruffini.)-Edit. Basil. 1525. Tom. iv. p. 143. b. "Fertur et panæretos Jesu filii Sirach liber: et alius pseudepigraphus qui Sapientia Solomonis inscribitur. . . . . Sicut ergo Judith et Tobiæ et Machabæorum libros legit quidem Ecclesia, sed eos inter canonicas Scripturas non recipit; sic et hæc duo volumina legat ad ædificationem plebis, non ad auctoritatem Ecclesiasticorum dogmatum confirmandam." (Præfatio in Proverbia Solomonis.)-Ibid. tom. iii. 8. i. k. "Librum autem Baruch . qui apud Hebræos nec legitur nec habetur, praetermisimus.” Praefatio in Hieremiam.)-Ibid. ibid. 9. c. "Qui (liber Danielis) apud Hebræos nec Susannæ habet Historiam, nec Hymnum trium Puerorum, nec Belis et Draconis fabulas, quas nos, quia in toto orbe dispersæ sunt, veru anteposito easque jugulante subjecimus, ne videremur apud imperitos magnam partem voluminis detruncasse." (Præfatio in Danielem.)— Ibid. ibid. 9. g. vocamus. "Quomodo igitur viginti duo elementa sunt per quæ scribimus Hebraicè omne quod loquimur: et eorum initiis vox humana comprehenditur: ita et viginti duo volumina supputantur. Primus apud eos liber vocatur Breschith; quem nos Genesim dicimus. Secundus Ellesmoth; qui Exodus appellatur. Tertius Vaiikræ; id est Leviticus. Quartus Vaiedabber; quem Numeri Quintus Ellehadborim; qui Deuteronomium prænotatur. Hi sunt quinque libri Moysi: quos propriè Thora, id est legem, appellant. Secundum prophetarum ordinem faciunt, et incipiunt ab Jesu filio Nave, qui apud illos Josue ben Nun dicitur. Deinde subtexunt Sophtim, id est Judicum librum, et in eundem compingunt Ruth: quia in diebus Judicum facta ejus narratur historia. Tertius sequitur Samuel, quem nos Regnorum primum et secundum dicimus. Quartus Malachim, id est, Regum, qui tertio et quarto Regnorum volumine continetur. Quintus est, Esaias. Sextus, Hieremias. Septimus, Ezechiel. Octavus, liber duodecim prophetarum, qui apud illos vocatur There asar. Tertius ordo hagiographa possidet. Et primus liber incipit ab Job. Secundus a David, quem quinque incisionibus' et uno psalmorum volumine comprehendunt. Tertius est Salomon tres libros habens: Proverbia quæ illi parabolas, id est Misle appellant. 1 Epiphanius in his Treatise de Mensuris et Ponderibus, gives an account of the division of the Psalms. ἀπὸ γὰρ πρώτου Ψαλμοῦ ἄχρι τεσσαρακοστοῦ, μίαν ἐλογίσαντο βίβλον· ἀπὸ δὲ τεσσαρακοστοῦ πρώτου ἄχρι τοῦ ἑβδομη κοστοῦ πρώτου δευτέραν ἡγήσαντο· ἀπὸ ἑβδομηκοστοῦ δευτέρου ἕως ὀγδοηκοστοῦ ὀγδόου, τρίτον βιβλίον ἐποιήσαντο· ἀπὸ δὲ ὀγδοηκοστοῦ ἐννάτου ἕως ἑκατοστοῦ πέμπτου, τετάρτην ἐποίησαν· ἀπὸ δὲ ἑκατοστοῦ ἕκτου ἕως τοῦ ἑκατοστοῦ πεντηκοστοῦ, τὴν πέμπτην συνέθηκαν.—§ v. Edit Petav. Col. 1682, p. 162. Quartus, Ecclesiasten, id est Cöeleth. Quintus est Canticum canticorum, quem titulo Sira sirim appellant. Sextus est Daniel. Septimus, Dibre haiomini, id est verba dierum, quod significantius Chronicon totius divinæ historiæ possumus appellare: qui liber apud nos Paralipomenon primus atque secundus inscribitur. Octavus, Esdras: qui et ipse similiter apud Græcos et Latinos in duos libros divisus est. Nonus Hester. . . . Hic prologus Scripturarum quasi galeatum principium, omnibus libris quos de Hebræo vertimus in Latinum convenire potest: ut scire valeamus quicquid extra hos est, inter apocrypha esse ponendum. (Præfatio in librum Regum.)-Ibid. ibid. p. 5. m. 6. a, b, c. THE FATHERS IN THE COUNCIL OF CARTHAGE III. A.D. 397. Canon 47. Who, though they admit most of the books in dispute, will not escape anathema, for they do not reckon Baruch, nor the Maccabees, except that Dionysius Exiguus thought fit to add them in his collection, whereas no Greek copy contains them. The learned Beveridge, in his note upon this canon, observes Dionysius Exiguus in sua horum canonum collectione addit, Machabæorum libri duo. Verum hi libri a nullo Græco codice vel manuscripto vel impresso recensentur.-See the canon in Labbé and Cossart, Conc. ii. 1177. GREGORY THE GREAT, A.D. 590. Who rejects the Maccabees.-Edit. Rom. 1608, ex typogr. Vatican. vol. ii. p. 899. "De qua re non inordinate agimus, si ex libris, licet non canonicis, sed tamen ad ædificationem plebis editis, testimonium proferamus. Eleazar, (1 Macc. 6.) namque in prælio elephantem feriens stravit, sed sub ipso quem extinxit occubuit."-Greg. Mor. lib. 19. in Job. c. 29. TRANSUBSTANTIATION. Council of Trent, SESSION XII. Canon 2.—If any shall say, that in the holy Sacrament of the Eucharist the substance of bread and wine remains together with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and shall deny that admirable and peculiar conversion of the whole substance of the bread into the body, and of the wine into the blood, only the appearances of bread and wine remaining, which conversion the Catholic Church most aptly calls transubstantiation; let him be anathema. Canon 4.—If any shall say, that, after consecration performed, the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ are not in the admirable Sacrament of the Eucharist, but only for use while it is consumed, but not before or after, and that in the consecrated hosts or particles which are reserved or remain after communion, there does not remain the true body of the Lord; let him be anathema. Canon 8.-If any shall say, that Christ, exhibited in the Eucharist, is only spiritually eaten, and not also sacramentally and really; let him be anathema.—See above, p. 140. The Fathers of the Church anathematized by these decrees are the following: JUSTIN MARTYR. Apolog. i. § 65. Edit. Benedict. Paris, 1742, p. 82, 83. Ἔπειτα προσφέρεται τῷ προεστῶτι τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἄρτος, καὶ ποτήριον ὕδατος καὶ κράματος· καὶ οὗτος λαβὼν, αἶνον καὶ δόξαν τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν ὅλων διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ̔Αγίου, ἀναπέμπει· καὶ εὐχαριστίαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κατηξιῶσθαι τούτων παρ ̓ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πολὺ ποιεῖται. οὗ συντελέσαντος τὰς εὐχὰς καὶ τὴν εὐχαριστίαν, πᾶς ὁ παρὼν λαὸς ἐπευφημεῖ λέγων, ἀμήν. . . . εὐχαριστήσαντος δὲ τοῦ προεστῶτος, καὶ ἐπευφημήσαντος παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ, οἱ καλούμενοι παρ' ἡμῖν διάκονοι, διδόασιν ἑκάστῳ τῶν παρόντων μεταλαβεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐχαριστηθέντος ἄρτου καὶ οἴνου καὶ ὕδατος, καὶ τοῖς οὐ παροῦσιν ἀποφέρουσι. Here it will be observed that Justin Martyr speaks of the elements after consecration, and when in the act of being distributed, as merely “ bread, and wine and water, blessed with thanksgiving." Ibid. § 66. Οὐ γὰρ ὡς κοινὸν ἄρτον, οὐδὲ κοινὸν πόμα ταῦτα λαμβάνομεν. ἀλλ ̓ ὃν τρόπον διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ σαρκοποιηθεὶς Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν, καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας ἡμῶν ἔσχεν, οὕτως καὶ τὴν δι' εὐχῆς λόγου τοῦ παρ' αὐτοῦ εὐχαριστηθεῖσαν τροφὴν, ἐξ ἧς αἷμα καὶ σάρκες κατὰ μεταβολὴν τρέφονται ἡμῶν, ἐκείνου τοῦ σαρκοποιηθέντος Ἰησοῦ καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα ἐδιδάχθημεν εἶναι. Here it will be observed, that, while Justin plainly maintains the truth of the sacramental conversion from common into holy, from earthly into heavenly food, the means of conveying the spiritual nourishment of the body and blood of Christ, he expressly affirms that the elements, after this consecration and conversion, are capable of nourishing our bodies by digestion. But every Roman Christian will acknowledge that to affirm this of the glorified body of our Lord, would be plain blasphemy, and involve the guilt of the Stercorians. It is, therefore, beyond denial, that the conversion of which Justin speaks, is not a material change: that the substance of the bread and wine do still remain capable of digestion in the human stomach, capable of nourishing the human body. There is no need to multiply extracts from the same author; those who have the leisure to refer to his Dialogue with Trypho, Sections 41, 70, 117, in all of which there is mention of the Christian oblation of bread and wine, εἰς ἀνάμνησιν τοῦ πάθους, εἰς ἀνάμνησιν τοῦ σωματοποιήσασθαι αὐτὸν, will plainly see what gross perversion of plain sentences, and suppression of texts, and garbling of extracts must be had recourse to, before the Romans can declare Justin Martyr free from the anathemas of the Council of Trent. 7 |