about the fourteenth century we find an anthem, versicles, and a collect, which also occur in the Roman Pontifical'.

The forms of inthroning bishops vary in the different dioceses of England, according to the particular statutes of each cathedral church. In those which I have seen, the hymn Te Deum is prescribed to be sung, and it is followed by versicles and collects proper to the occasion. In Canterbury, the office is included in the ordinary daily service of the Church. At Salisbury it constitutes a distinct

office.

1 Catalani, Pontificale Romanum, p. 222.

CHAPTER XIV.

INSTALLATION OF DEANS.

THE title of Dean is derived from the monastic institute. According to the rule of St. Benedict, (cap. xxi.) Decani were elected in the larger monasteries, and each was intrusted with authority over ten of the brethren. In the ninth and tenth centuries, when chapters of canons were founded, they also adopted the institution of Deans, in imitation of the monasteries; and the office of Præpositus, which was originally the highest dignity in chapters, was gradually replaced by that of Dean, the number in each chapter being at length reduced to one. This seems to have occurred about the thirteenth century, from which time we have records of Deans of cathedral churches in England".

The installation of Deans is performed with different rites according to the statutes of each cathedral. The form of installing a Dean at St. Paul's, London, is to be found at the end of Dugdale's history of that Cathedral. In this office, as well as in others which I have seen in MS., Te Deum is

a Van Espen, Jus Canonicum Universum, pars i. tit. xvi. cap. ii.; Thomassinus, de Veteri et Nova Ecclesiæ Disciplina, pars i. 1. iii. c. 66. 70.

b Vide Le Neve, Fasti Anglicani, &c.

• Dugdale's History of St. Paul's, edited by Ellis, p. 343.

chanted at the installation of the Dean, and special prayers are added. Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, in his Constitutions, also ordered Te Deum to be sung at the election of abbots; and, probably, the rite was derived from hence to the installation of Deans.

The form of installing a Dean of the collegiate church of St. Peter, Westminster, is as follows:

An oath prescribed by the statutes is administered to the Dean in the choir of the church; after which the Subdean places him in the principal stall of the choir, saying:

Cape hanc primam sedem, ut Dei gloriam tuâ authoritate et exemplo illustres; et corpus Christi in hâc ecclesiâ ædificandum diligenter cures : quod ut efficaciter præstes, Spiritus Sancti gratiam tibi largiatur Dominus. Amen.

The Dean is then placed in the first seat in the Chapter-house, the Subdean saying:

Cape hanc item primam sedem in Domo Capitulari, ut fideliter tractes negotia hujus ecclesiæ collegiatæ cum fratribus tuis præbendariis, ad Dei gloriam et totius collegii omniumque ejus partium salutarem conservationem; quod ut efficaciter præstes, Spiritus Sancti gratiam tibi semper largiatur Dominus. Amen.

They return into the choir, and Te Deum' is sung, after which these prayers follow in English:

Domine, salvum fac hunc servum tuum N. Decanum nostrum.
O Deus noster, da ut semper speret in te.
Esto ei turris fortitudinis,

d Wilkins, Concilia Magnæ Britanniæ, &c. tom. i. p. 346. It may be remarked, that the rites of electing and installing a Dean at St. Paul's, according to the statutes, as cited in Dugdale, p. 343, bear a consider

able resemblance to those at the election of the abbot of St. Alban's, A.D. 1235. See Spelman, Concilia,tom. ii., cited by Martene, De Antiquis Monachorum Ritibus, p. 655.

A facie inimici.

Redde ei lætitiam salutaris tui,

Et Spiritu principali confirma eum.

Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam,
Et salutare tuum da nobis.

Oremus.

Omnipotens Deus, cujus providentia N. hujus ecclesiæ collegiatæ Decanus constituitur, da illi eam mensuram gratiæ, ut quæ hic coram promisit, quæque officium ejus postulat, summâ fide perficiat, ad laudem et gloriam tui nominis, et ecclesiæ tuæ amplificationem, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.

Then follows a prayer for the king contained in the Book of Common Prayer.

CHAPTER XV.

MODE OF HOLDING A SYNOD OR A CONVOCATION.

It is needless, in this place, to enter on any questions as to the constitution or rights of English Synods and Convocations. All that is here proposed, is to examine the antiquity of the forms which are still in use, or which are at least recognized in our ecclesiastical constitution. The mode of celebrating an English Convocation is prescribed in a paper, entitled, "Forma sive Descriptio Convocationis celebrandæ prout ab antiquo observari consuevit "," which was drawn up by Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, previously to the assembling of the Convocation in 1562. The prayers used at the commencement of each session of the Convocation have been printed, and are said to have been also compiled by Archbishop Parker. The whole formulary, however, is in its essential features based on ancient precedents.

* It has been printed in Bp. White Kennett's "History of the Convocation of 1700;" and at the end of Atterbury's "Rights, Powers, and Privileges of an English Convocation," Appendix, art. xvii.

b See Forma precum in

utrâque Domo Convocationis sive Synodi prælatorum et cæteri cleri, seu provincialis seu nationalis, in ipso statim cujuslibet sessionis initio, solenniter recitanda." Londini, 1700.