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PART II
THE ARÁBI REVOLT
AUGUST 1879-August 1883
CHAPTER IX
THE INAUGURATION OF TEWFIK
AUGUST-NOVEMBER 1879
State of the country - Chérif Pasha's Ministry - The Khedive
assumes the Presidency of the Council - Ministry of Riaz
Pasha-Relations between the Khedive and his Ministers-
The Sultan cancels the Firman of 1873-Objections of France
and England-The Mohammedan law of succession-The right
to make Commercial Conventions, and to contract loans-The
Army-The Khedive's investiture-Appointment of Controllers
-Relations between the Government and the Controllers-
Division of work between the Controllers-The Commission of
Liquidation
PAGE
149
CHAPTER X
THE DUAL CONTROL
NOVEMBER 1879-DECEMBER 1880
Working of the Control-Relations between the two Controllers—
And between the Controllers and the Egyptian Government—
Delay in paying the Tribute-Interest on the Unified Debt
paid at 4 per cent-Financial scheme proposed by the Con-
trollers-The Budget for 1880—Reforms in the fiscal system-
Confidence inspired by the Control-Reports on the state of
the country-The Law of Liquidation-The military danger 164
CHAPTER XI
THE MUTINY OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMY
JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 1881
Discontent amongst the officers - They petition Riaz Pasha —
Mutiny of February 1-Dismissal of the Minister of War-
Imprudent conduct of the Khedive-Conduct of the French
Consul-General-Increase of discontent in the army-Mutiny
of September 9-Sir Auckland Colvin-Demands of the muti-
neers-Dismissal of the Ministers-Reluctance of Chérif Pasha
to accept office-Nomination of the Chérif Ministry-Chérif
Pasha supports the European Control-Arábi is the real ruler
of Egypt-His conduct due to fear-Situation created by the
mutiny
175
CHAPTER XII
THE CHERIF MINISTRY
SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1881
The Porte wishes to interfere-Objections of France and England
-Despatch of Turkish Commissioners to Cairo-Effect of their
mission-British and French ships sent to Alexandria-Arábi
leaves Cairo with his regiment-Remarks on Turkish inter-
ference-Divergent views of France and England—Despond-
ency of the Khedive-Chérif Pasha's policy-Sir Auckland
Colvin's views-Arábi's policy-Insubordination in the army-
Violence of the local press-Attitude of the civil population—
Summary of the situation at the end of 1881
CHAPTER XIII
THE JOINT NOTE
JANUARY 1882
Proposal to establish an Anglo-French Military Control-Change of
Ministry in France-M. Gambetta proposes joint action-Lord
Granville agrees-Sir Edward Malet consulted-Sir Auckland
Colvin's recommendations-M. Gambetta prepares a draft note
-Lord Granville agrees-Instructions sent to Cairo-Proposed
increase in the army - Reorganisation of the Chamber of
Notables - Effect produced by the Note-Remarks on the
Note
194
214
CHAPTER XIV
THE EFFECTS OF THE JOINT NOTE
JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1882
The British Government wish to explain the Joint Note-The
French Government object-The Chamber of Notables claims
the right to vote the Budget-Proposals of the British Govern-
ment-Objections of the French Government-The Consuls-
General instructed to oppose the Chamber - The Chamber
demands a change of Ministry-Appointment of a National
Ministry The French Government press for an Anglo-French
occupation-The British Government favour a Turkish occupa-
tion-Resignation of M. Gambetta-Remarks on his policy
CHAPTER XV
THE ARÁBI MINISTRY
FEBRUARY-MAY 1882
Proposal to revise the Organic Law-Mr. Wilfrid Blunt-M. de
Blignières resigns — Concessions made to the army - Disor-
ganisation in the provinces-The Porte protests against the
Joint Note-The Powers are invited to an exchange of views-
M. de Freycinet wishes to depose the Khedive-Lord Granville
proposes to send Financial Commissioners to Egypt-Alleged
conspiracy to murder Arábi-The Ministers resign, but resume
office-M. de Freycinet assents to Turkish intervention-Arábi
requested to leave Egypt-He refuses to do so-The Ministers
again resign-The Khedive reinstates Arábi—And asks for a
Turkish Commissioner
APPENDIX.-Note on the relations between Mr. Gladstone and
Mr. Wilfrid Blunt.
236
254
279
CHAPTER XVI
THE BOMBARDMENT OF ALEXANDRIA
MAY-JULY 1882
State of the country-Vacillation of the Porte-A Conference pro-
posed-Dervish Pasha and Essad Effendi sent to Egypt-The
Alexandria massacres - Failure of Dervish Pasha's Mission-
Panic in Egypt-The Conference meets-The Ragheb Ministry
-The British Admiral demands that the construction of
batteries at Alexandria shall cease - The French decline to
co-operate - The bombardment of Alexandria - The town
abandoned and burnt
CHAPTER XVII
TEL-EL-KEBIR
JULY-SEPTEMBER 1882
State of the country-British policy-Vote of credit-Negotiations
with France-Fall of the Freycinet Ministry-France declines
to co-operate- Negotiations with Italy-Italy declines to
281
co-operate-Negotiations with Turkey-Tel-el-Kebir-General
British policy-Trial of Arábi-Resignation of Riaz Pasha-Exile
of political prisoners-Courts-martial—The Alexandria Indem-
nities - The abolition of the Dual Control - Rupture of the
Anglo-French understanding — Lord Dufferin's Report - My
arrival in Egypt
-
PART III
THE SOUDAN
1882-1907
CHAPTER XIX
THE HICKS EXPEDITION
JANUARY-NOVEMBER 1883
Extent of Egyptian territory — Misgovernment in the Soudan
Slave-hunting-Said Pasha's views-Colonel Stewart's Report
-The Mahdi-Military and financial situation-Interference
from Cairo-Attitude of the British Government-Destruction
of General Hicks's army .
CHAPTER XX
THE ABANDONMENT OF THE SOUDAN
NOVEMBER 1883-JANUARY 1884
My position - I press the British Government to depart from a
passive attitude-Lord Granville's reply - The Egyptian
Government decide to hold Khartoum - Colonel Coetlogon
recommends a retreat on Berber - Opinions of the military
authorities at Cairo - The Egyptian Government wish to
invoke the aid of the Sultan - The British Government
recommend withdrawal from the Soudan - The Egyptian
Ministers resign-Nubar Pasha takes office-Observations on
the policy of withdrawal from the Soudan
PAGK
300
331
349
371
CHAPTER XXI
THE REBELLION IN THE EASTERN SOUDAN
AUGUST 1883-MARCH 1884
Prevailing discontent-Annihilation of a force sent to Sinkat-And
of one sent to Tokar-Defeat of the Egyptians at Tamanieb-
It is decided to send the Gendarmerie and some black troops
under Zobeir Pasha to Suakin-Instructions to General Baker
-He arrives at Suakin-His instructions are modified-Zobeir
Pasha retained at Cairo-General Baker advances to Tokar-
His defeat-Fall of Sinkat-It is decided to send a British force
to Tokar-Fall of Tokar-General Graham advances-Action at
El Teb-The British troops return to Suakin-Battle of Tamai
-Results of the operations
CHAPTER XXII
THE GORDON MISSION
DECEMBER 1883-JANUARY 1884
The situation in Egypt-Sir Frederick Stephenson-General Earle
-Sir Edgar Vincent-Sir Evelyn Wood - Foreign Office
support-First and second proposals to send General Gordon
-They are rejected-Third proposal to send General Gordon
-It is accepted-No British officer should have been sent to
Khartoum-General Gordon should not in any case have been
chosen-The responsibility of the British press-And of the
British Government-General Gordon's optimism-My regret
at having assented to the Gordon Mission
CHAPTER XXIII
GORDON AT CAIRO
JANUARY 24-26, 1884
396
417
General Gordon wishes to go to Suakin-He goes to Cairo-Con-
sequences which resulted from the change of route-General
Gordon's views as to the Soudan-His London instructions
-Instructions issued at Cairo-General Gordon appointed
Governor-General of the Soudan-And furnished with certain
Proclamations-Reasons why General Gordon's instructions
were changed-The Darfour Sultan-General Gordon proposes
that Zobeir Pasha should accompany him-Interview between
General Gordon and Zobeir Pasha—It is decided not to employ
Zobeir Pasha-General Gordon leaves Cairo
440