an Australian Clearly, then, some blundering Frenchman informed me that it was confounded the famous Norwich physician word signifying the right shop to go to for with the unlucky Tom Brown "of Facetious anything. I see that the question of its Memory," whose religion, if we may appro- meaning was discussed at 10 S. iii. 168 and priate the words of a Cambridge humorist, 217, when one or two correspondents cited E.D.D.,' where "dinkum is defined was "of that joyous bright Greek type, the which saw no harm in anything in particular, to mean work, due share of work." and didn't stick at it, when it did." WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. Dr. Greenhill adds that "the Note was said to have been written by Clément, formerly Garde de la Bibl. du Roi, who died 1700-1710." I cannot find that Nicolas Clément ever held the office of "Garde de la Bibliothèque." According to the Biographie Universelle,' he was sous bibliothécaire and died in 1712. The 'Nouvelle Biographie Générale' styles him "bibliothécaire en second," and assigns 1716 as the date of his death. ་ EDWARD BENSLY. ST. TRUNNION: HIS IDENTITY.-Ball in his History of Barton-upon-Humber,' 1856, p. 68, says : "In the old enclosures to the west of the town Was a spring of clear water called St. Trunnion's well, and in a field in the West Acridge a very old thorn tree called St. Trunnion's tree, which was standing in 1726; but who St. Trunnion was is not known, the question having been frequently discussed in Notes and Queries.' Possibly "St. Ninian " was the original form. In his will, dated April 1, 1528, CYRIL. RUTTER FAMILY NAME.-I have found George Portyngton of Barton-on-Humber that it is believed (and even by some who left To the reparacion off saynt Nynyan bear the name) that chaple xvjd”- Lincoln Wills' (Lincoln Record Soc., vol. 10), ii. 73. It is well known that the last letter of the word saint " was often attracted to a saint's name, as in Tedan for St. Aidan, Tantony for St. Antony, Tooley and Tulius for St. Olaf, and Tobin for St. Aubin. In like manner we might have "Tninian " for St. Ninian ; and as ru would be more easily pronounced after the T than ni, the forms Trinian," Trunian," and "Trunnion may quite possibly have been developed after St. Ninian was forgotten. J. T. F. 66 Winterton, Lincs. P.S.-Since the above was in type I have found that my suggestion has been anticipated. See Plummer's 'Bede,' ii. 129. "DINKUM SHOP."-Wandering in the purlieus of Westminster the other day, I came across a small shop stocked principally with military accoutrements, and over the door was the heading "Harry's Dinkum Shop." Being curious to ascertain the precise signification of this, to me, unknown word, I stepped in and inquired. The proprietress 46 "Rutter is German in origin. In the seventeenth century the word rutter was used to designate a trooper, and it is customary to derive it This is errofrom the Low Dutch ruiter. the identification partly depends neous: upon the vowel u, which in ruiter is merely orthographical. The Dutch word rimes loiter," and pretty closely with English could not therefore yield rutter. Rutter in I would seek the origin of the French routier, and the reduction of ti to t similarly occurs in gutter" from gouttière. Rutter, moreover, is a much older family than the supposed identification name allows, and the history of the word "gutter will help us to trace its descent and origin. The French gouttière is derived from Lat. gutta, a drop. In Old French that became gote, goute. Now as gutter" derives from O.F. gōte through gouttière, so may Rutter derive from an O.F. rote through *routtière, or its equivalent. The O.F. rōte has two distinct meanings: viz., 1, a road; 2, a viol or fiddle. If we select the first, then "Rutter"=routier, a trooper. But Most obedient & very hum: Servant [Endorsed:] Thank Mr. Walpole for his care of Officers Letters & desire he will continue so to do. Whatever charge shall arise shall be pay'd by me on his making up the Acct, but I am to pay only those expenses without which the Prisoners could not receive their letters. BRITISH NAVY, 1587-1919.-At a moment | unhappy countrymen I shall as willingly conwhen every member of the British Empire tribute to it as to convince your Lordship on all is, or should be, proud of his incomparable occasions of the sincere regard with which I have the honour to be My Lord Navy, it may be well to record, for the Your Lordships historian's future use, the following early reference. It occurs in a rare poetical tract believed to survive in two original exemplars only. The slender volume was issued to mark Queen Elizabeth's thirty years' reign of unexampled prosperity, and just a year before the stearnfull navy had a chance of showing the Spaniards the stuff it was made of, despite miserable supplies of provisions and munitions. I append the extract from Maurice Kyffin's Blessednes of Brytaine,' 1587, in its archaic spelling, believing that hitherto it has not seen the light of print in 'N. & Q.': 66 We may not here omit in silent forte Her royall ships strong-wrought for stearnfull Whereof all worldly realmes do raise report warre, Through raging seas discovering regions farre A scowre-sea navy, all bright & bravely burnisht, Foorth spowting fire; faire, huge, and fully furnisht. Broad Street buildings In sending your Lordship the inclosed Letter £1:9:2 12: 6 the situation of prisoners is deserving compassion in every consideration, & therefore these letters were sent to the Commissioners of sick and wounded, & by them directed to the War Office, though neither would pay the charges, many have been forwarded by us to the prisoners in France for which we have paid the postage to flanders and our Correspondent at Paris Monsieur de Monmartel has never brought us any further account, we cannot therefore charge him with those he is so kind to send us. I should be glad therefore to receive your Lordships orders in what manner or to whom the prisoners letters in France ought to be directed in future. If I can be in this or any other shape assistant to my | time, to know that the monetary obstacle It is pleasant, even after this lapse of did not prove insurmountable. E. H. FAIRBROTHER. SIR THOMAS BROWNE: TOM BROWN.-In the preface to Dr. Greenhill's Golden Treasury' edition of the 'Religio Medici' is a detail which requires, I think, some further explanation. In giving an account, on p. ix, of the way in which translations of the Religio Medici ' were received on the Continent, he observes that the book " was by some persons much misunderstood, and gave occasion to great and most undeserved misrepresentation of the author's religious opinions." An instance of this is appended at the foot of the page : "The following Note (which deserves preservation on account of its monstrous ignorance and from one of the copies in the National Library absurdity) was copied by the present Editor at Paris: Th. Brown, un des plus déclaréz ennemis de toute Réligion, et que l'Univers. d'Oxford avoit autrefois chassé pour ses débauches, avant sa mort écrit une lettre pleine dans un Recueil postume de ses dialogues.'" de sentimens de pénitence: elle est imprimée Dr. Greenhill apparently leaves the reader to suppose that this ludicrously false account is the invention of malicious bigotry. What has really happened is that the reported facts of one man's life have been transferred to another of a similar name. It was Thomas Brown (1663-1704) who is said, when an undergraduate at Christ Church, to have been threatened with expulsion by Dean Fell. I have not examined the posthumous Collection of all the Dialogues of Mr. Thomas Brown,' 1704, but feel safe in accepting from so sound an authority as Mr. A. H. Bullen the statement, in the 'D.N.B.,' that to this edition was appended a letter (the genuineness of which was attested by Thomas Wotton, curate of St Lawrence Jewry) purporting to have been written by Brown on his death-bed. In this letter Brown, after expressing regret for having written anything that would be likely to have a pernicious influence, protests against being responsible for lampoons, trips, London Spies," in which he had no hand.” Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 66 aussi venu, dit-on, le proverbe: Faire une querelle d'allemand; et Oudin ('Curiosités franç., p. 462) écrit, en raison de cette origine: Querelle d'alleman. Mais je remarque qu'à la fin du XVIe siècle, Carloix dit querelle d'Allemaigne, ce qui montre que, dès ce temps-là, on regardait, dans la locution, allemand comme le nom de peuple."] SCOTTISH CHIEFS.-Will some one inform me if the chiefs of the Scottish clans receive official recognition as such, and if so, what form this takes? Is the description MacGregor of MacGregor," MacLeod MacLeod," MacLachlan "of MacLachlan," &c., used as implying chiefship? pp. INVERSLANEY. of QUERELLE D'ALLEMAND.' In The Quarterly Review for October, 1874, there is a very interesting article on The Republic of Venice, its Rise, Decline, and Fall.' Among quotations from other authorities there is one from P. Daru's 'Histoire de la République de Venise' (Paris, 1821), the passage being translated into English. This author, in describing the innumerable devices OATH OF FEALTY: EDWARD III.-On to which the Ten of Venice used to have recourse for getting rid of such persons as des Rois' (Paris, 1776) there is a graphic 295-7 of the 'Histoire des Inaugurations were obnoxious to their policy or convenience, relates how in 1618 many hundreds account of the ceremonies attendant upon of victims were tortured and done to death the taking of the oath of fealty for the on charges of complicity in the alleged Amiens Cathedral in 1329. King Edward, Duchy of Guienne by Edward III. in conspiracy with Spain. Even informers and witnesses against those accused, after being openly rewarded by the Council for their services, were either secretly executed or disposed of by hired assassins. Thus, says Daru, "another witness, to whom a pension of 50 ducats per month and a gratification of 300 ducats had been assigned, was ordered to repair to Candia, where, immediately on his arrival, he was killed in a quarrel forced on him-querelle d'Allemand as it is termed." Daru, liv. xxxi. we are informed, upon approaching the throne of his suzerain, was instructed by the Great Chamberlain to remove his crown, sword, and spurs, as it was contrary to the very essence of the act he was about to perform for the oath to be administered to him still vested in these outward signs of his independent sovereignty and of his knighthood. These details are apparently taken from some contemporary or nearly contemporary description of the scene, and I should be glad to know what this source References to similar scenes containing the same details in contemporary chronicles or romances will be welcomed. The term querelle d'Allemand is un- may be. familiar to me. In the sense of a "forced quarrel "how exactly it applies to the action of the Kaiser and his ministers in 1941! But what is its origin ? Monreith. HERBERT MAXWELL. CHARLES BEARD. COL. A. R. MACDONELL'S DUEL WITH NORMAN MACLEOD.-My great-grandfather [Hatzfeld and Darmesteter's ' 'Dictionnaire Général,' 2 vols., 8.v. Allemand, merely says: Col. Alexander Ranaldson Macdonell of Loc. prov. Querelle d'Allemand, sans sujet." Glengarry (d. 1828) fought a fatal duel with But Littré is much fuller (1863, vol. i.): "Alle- a young subaltern, Norman Macleod, at mand (a-le-man), s.m. Ce mot est employé Fort William, and was subsequently tried dans quelques phrases proverbiales: Une querelle d'allemand, c'est-à-dire une querelle for murder at Inverness. I should like to sans sujet.... Quant à allemand, dans la locution know both the dates of the duel and the querelle d'allemand, il s'agit bien, sans doute, trial and where to find any particulars of des Allemands. Pourtant on en a donné une either, as I have been unable so far to find étymologie différente: on écrit alors alleman, et here the information for which I have been l'on cite le dicton: Gare la queue des Alleman! Ce dicton a appartenu au Dauphiné, dont la seeking. We had a copy of Mackenzie's région montagneuse entre le Drac et l'Isère history of the Macdonalds at home when était occupée par une puissante et nombreuse I was a boy, but, speaking from memory, famille de seigneurs portant tous le nom I do not think that any particulars were d'Alleman. Malheur au voisin qui provoquait un membre de cette famille! il se les attirait given in it. I remember meeting, when tous sur les bras. De l'ardeur avec laquelle quite a boy, an old lady-a Mrs. Mildmay, cette famille vengeait la plus petite injure est née Drummond of Megginch-who told me MARKSHALL AND THE FULLER FAMILY. (See 10 S. ix. 144; 12 S. iii. 53; iv. 234, 263). -The following facts may be of additional interest. In Misc. Gen. et Her., Fourth Series, vol. iv. pp. 30-5, I published a ffulwer or ffuller pedigree; and at p. 66 I added notes from which it appears beyond doubt that, at a very remote date, the Fullers were lords of the manor of Markeshall. To save space I confine my extracts to a summary from the notes only, in which the generations are numbered : (14) Ric'us de fulwer de Markeshall in com' Essex Magdalene filæ Ric'i Danbye. (15) Thomas fulwer de Markeshall = Anne une file et here Wilhelmi Bersett, miles. (16) Thomas fulwer de Markshall = Agnes file et here Henrici Ashewell in Com' Cantabrigii. (17) Thomas fulwer de Nettes[hall] in Shepey Erminelde une file et heredu'.... Benet de Kent. Members of this branch were at this time also lords of the manor of Neatshall and of the manor of Tempsford, co. Bedford, as proved by the following extracts from the Heralds' College. Grant of crest to Ralph ffulwar of London, gent., son of Thomas ffulwar, Esq., lord of Netes (who was son of Thomas ffulwar, Esq., lord of Netes, by dau. and heir of Benet of Kent, Esq.), and great-grandson of Thomas ffulwar of Markeshall, co. Essex, Esq., Dec. 20, 3 Elizabeth. Grant of crest to John Fullwer, lord of the manor of Tempsford, co. Bedford, Esq., and judge in the Guildhall of the Court of one of the Sheriffs of London, son of Thomas ffulwer, lord of Netes in the Isle of Sheppey, co. Kent, Esq. (by Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Nicholas Clarell of Edgecott, co. Northampton, Esq.), and grandson of Thomas ffulwar, lord of Markes Hall in the county of Essex, Esq., Dec. 20, 3 Elizabeth. Grant of crest to James ffulwarr of London, Merchant of the Staple and Merchant Adventurer (brother of John Fulwer, lord of the manor of Tempsford), Dec. 20, 3 Eliza beth. There is an earlier grant of arms, July 7, 1551, to William ffulwar of Holewell, co. Hertford, brother of John ffulwer, lord of Tempsford. But I am travelling beyond Markshall, and will conclude. J. F. FULLER, F.S.A. The and in Hamlet'-does not betray its true origin in its English guise, which approaches closely to the French form, Elseneur. town, a seaport of some importance, called in Danish Helsingoer, stands at the entrance to the Sound, separated by a few miles from the Swedish port of Helsingborg on the mainland opposite. Helsingland is another Swedish place in the same category of nomenclature, to which also belongs Helsingfors in Finland, the ancient sept of the Helsings having given their tribal name to the series. The different suffixes signify respectively: oer, isles; borg, castle or burg; land, country, and fors, force, current, or rushing stream. As Elsinore is situated on the shore of the island of Zealand, it may have received its name from having been built on land that has since been filled in or reclaimed, as in the case of Burntisland, Fifeshire. N. W. HILL. EMPSON E. MIDDLETON.-The Times on Nov. 21, 1917, gave extracts from the will and codicils of Mr. Empson Edward Middleton, author of Ah, Happy England!' mentioned at 12 S. iii. 30. From these it appeared that the testator claimed large sums from the British Government and other quarters for inventions he had put forward. Mr. Middleton's published works included metrical translations from Virgil, books on yachting and seamanship, and others directed against received views on natural philosophy, &c. W. B. H.. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 66 QUERELLE D'ALLEMAND." In The Quarterly Review for October, 1874, there is a very interesting article on The Republic of Venice, its Rise, Decline, and Fall.' Among quotations from other authorities there is one from P. Daru's 'Histoire de la République de Venise' (Paris, 1821), the passage being translated into English. This author, in describing the innumerable devices to which the Ten of Venice used to have recourse for getting rid of such persons as "another witness, to whom The term querelle d'Allemand is unfamiliar to me. In the sense of a "forced quarrel" how exactly it applies to the action of the Kaiser and his ministers in 1941! But what is its origin? Monreith. HERBERT MAXWELL. 66 OATH OF FEALTY: EDWARD III.-On des Rois' (Paris, 1776) there is a graphic pp. 295-7 of the 'Histoire des Inaugurations account of the ceremonies attendant upon the taking of the oath of fealty for the Amiens Cathedral in 1329. King Edward, Duchy of Guienne by Edward III. in we are informed, upon approaching the throne of his suzerain, was instructed by the Great Chamberlain to remove his crown, sword, and spurs, as it was contrary to the very essence of the act he was about to perform for the oath to be administered to him still vested in these outward signs of his independent sovereignty and of his knighthood. These details are apparently taken from some contemporary or nearly contemporary description of the scene, and I should be glad to know what this source may be. References to similar scenes containing the same details in contemporary chronicles or romances will be welcomed. CHARLES BEARD. COL. A. R. MACDONELL'S DUEL WITH NORMAN MACLEOD.-My great-grandfather [Hatzfeld and Darmesteter's 'Dictionnaire Général,' 2 vols., 8.v. Allemand, merely says: Col. Alexander Ranaldson Macdonell of Loc. prov. Querelle d'Allemand, sans sujet." Glengarry (d. 1828) fought a fatal duel with But Littré is much fuller (1863, vol. i.) : Alle- a young subaltern, Norman Macleod, at mand (a-le-man), s.m. Ce mot est employé Fort William, and was subsequently tried dans quelques phrases proverbiales : Une querelle d'allemand, c'est-à-dire une querelle for murder at Inverness. I should like to sans sujet.... Quant à allemand, dans la locution know both the dates of the duel and the querelle d'allemand, il s'agit bien, sans doute, trial and where to find any particulars of des Allemands. Pourtant on en a donné une either, as I have been unable so far to find étymologie différente: on écrit alors alleman, et here the information for which I have been l'on cite le dicton: Gare la queue des Alleman! Ce dicton a appartenu au Dauphiné, dont la seeking. We had a copy of Mackenzie's région montagneuse entre le Drac et l'Isère history of the Macdonalds at home when était occupée par une puissante et nombreuse I was a boy, but, speaking from memory, famille de seigneurs portant tous le nom I do not think that any particulars were d'Alleman. Malheur au voisin qui provoquait un membre de cette famille ! il se les attirait given in it. I remember meeting, when tous sur les bras. De l'ardeur avec laquelle quite a boy, an old lady-a Mrs. Mildmay, cette famille vengeait la plus petite injure est née Drummond of Megginch-who told me |