rentrent dans les

tecteur de l'Église que des sectes de Luther et de Calvin, le pouvoir civil n'a plus même l'apparence d'un prétexte pour se mêler des actes qui attributions religieuses du Clergé. Dès qu'il a provoqué et voulu la séparation de l'Église avec l'Etat, c'est à lui de se renfermer dans le cercle de ses droits civils, et à laisser l'Église se mouvoir dans sa propre sphère avec la même liberté.... Ce n'est qu'à Petersbourg et à Londres qu'un autocrate qui est Roi-pontife et qu'une femme à la fois Reine et Papesse peuvent s'ériger, en régulateurs du culte et en juges du Clergé, des sectes grecque et protestantes. Mais dans l'Église Catholique il n'y a que les Évêques, les Métropolitains, et le Pape pour procéder à l'examen des matières spirituelles et au jugement des membres du Clergé, sous le rapport canonique..... Le recours à l'Évêque, au Métropolitain, au Concile, et au Pape, est donc le seul raisonnable, le seul canonique." Thus, in fact, as one of the consequences of the Charte,—all the French Clergy, being justiciables en dernier ressort by the Pope, are now liable at any moment to be called out of their own country on a canonical summons to Rome! What would St. Cyprian and St. Augustine have said to this?

But to return to my literary lay theological friend. Here was a very excellent and intelligent person, one of the directors of the public mind, making the assertion above mentioned, either in ignorance or defiance of the Articles of the Church of England; and he

seemed, when I referred him to the XXXVIIth article, and to the declaration therein specified, to be quite surprised that any thing could be said in favour of the royal supremacy in ecclesiastical causes, as exercised in England.

The reading of newspapers and magazines, which is the staple of French modern literature, seems to have filled the mind of those who give the tone to public opinion, with very crude notions on these matters-which they see so often repeated, and repeat so often themselves, that they at last consider them as fixed principles and irrefragable truths. Another position of the same kind was stated by my host, viz. that appeals to Rome had been habitual in England from the time of St. Augustine to the Reformation. When I referred him first to the lan

46 XXXVII. Of the Civil Magistrates.

"The Queen's Majesty hath the chief power in this realm of England, and other her Dominions, under whom the chief Government of all Estates of this Realm, whether they be Ecclesiastical or Civil, in all causes doth appertain, and is not, nor ought to be, subject to any foreign jurisdiction.

"Where we attribute to the Queen's Majesty the chief government, by which Titles we understand the minds of some slanderous folks to be offended; we give not to our Princes the ministering either of God's Word, or of the Sacraments, the which thing the Injunctions also lately set forth by Elizabeth our Queen do most plainly testify; but that only prerogative, which we see to have been given always to all godly Princes in holy Scripture by God himself; that is, that they should rule all estates and degrees committed to their charge by God, whether they be Ecclesiastical or Temporal, and restrain with the civil sword the stubborn and evil-doers."

guage of the papal legate, who, speaking upwards of a hundred years after St. Augustine's arrival, said, "A tempore beati Augustini nemo legatus a Roma venit in Britanniam nisi nos;" next to the case of Wilfrid, Archbishop of York, who was put into prison by King Aldfrid (called piissimus Rex by contemporary historians, about A.D. 680), and to Anselm, also imprisoned by William Rufus, because they appealed to Rome, he replied that these were only exceptions, and that the general practice (of which, however, he afforded no evidence) was the reverse of these proceedings.

I was not surprised that he dated the foundation of the Church in Britain from the mission of St. Augustine; this, as has been before said, is the invariable language of Romish controversialists in France. As to the power of the crown and the parliament in matters of doctrine, he seemed surprised to hear of the Act of the first year of Queen Elizabeth, which declares that nothing shall be adjudged to be heresy which has not been so adjudged by the Church in the first four general councils, or shall be so pronounced out of Scripture by a general council, or termed heresy by the parliament, with the assent of the clergy in convocation.

With respect to the alleged unity in the Romish Church, as contrasted by them with the condition of the Anglican communion, I adverted to the demonstrations of division and discontent, and to the urgent

I

demands for Reformation, which are now made in various parts of Austria, Bavaria, and Silesia, by the Roman Catholic Clergy, which have been lately brought before the eyes of the English public in the Quarterly Review, and have also gained much notoriety in France from two long notices of the subject in the Constitutionnel, which shows that the papal influence is, on the whole, much greater at present among the clergy of France than of Germany.

Wednesday, August 28.-Concluded my labours at the Royal Library very à propos: for the library closes next Saturday, and remains shut during the whole of September. Went afterwards to call on M. Hase, Rue Colbert, close to the library, to thank him for all the civilities and assistance which I had received in his department there. I found him at home and very courteous: he seems to have very extensive knowledge of the history of MSS. as well as to be very expert in the science of Palæography; indeed this is the subject of his lectures. He is a most obliging person, and enjoys a very high reputation not only for learning, but for the readiness with which he communicates the information he possesses. He said that he had great hopes that the normal school would do much for the cause of learning in France. The shelves of his study were stored with a

5 Will this German Reform decline to Rationalism, or ascend to Catholicity? May not something be done by the members of the Church of England to give a right direction to its tendencies?

very good collection of classical books in handsome bindings.

This afternoon, calling on a person of rank and great intelligence, long resident at Paris, and intimately acquainted with all that is going on in the literary, scientific, and aristocratic world here, I heard some extraordinary particulars with respect to animal magnetism, as practised in Paris. Some of these had come under my friend's own personal observation. The description she gave of the Somnambules, who are thrown into a trance or ecstase by magnetic influence, and are then endued, as is asserted, with supernatural powers of perception (clairvoyance), was very singular. One of these, she said, had told her the contents of a folded paper which she held in her hands, and had declared to her what had passed through her mind with respect to it.

She described a process by which, it was asserted, that supernatural communications were made to persons who applied for information. A seven-branched candlestick (the parody is obvious), charged with magnetic influence by being held simultaneously by seven somnambules, was communicated to the inquirer by means of a ramification from it introduced through a wall into the adjoining apartment where the inquirer was. We heard several apparently wellattested statements of extraordinary communications by this and other similar means. The operation, real