fore Him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon His Name *."

"And they continued stedfastly in the Apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers "."

* Malachi iii. 16.

Acts ii. 42.

APPENDIX B.

GERMAN VERSION OF THE APOSTLES'
CREED, EIGHTH CENTURY.

NACH EINER ST. GALLENER HANDSCHRIFT
AUS DEM 8 JAHRHUNDERT.

"Kilaubu in kot fater almahticun kiscaft himiles enti erda. enti in Jesum Christ sun sinan ainacun unseran truhtin. der inphangan ist fona uuihemu keiste, kiporan fona Mariun macadi euuikeru, kimartrot in kiuualtiu Pilates, in cruce pislacan, tot enti picrapan, stehic in uuizzi; in drittin take erstoont fona totem, stehic in himil sizit az zesuun cotes fateres almahtikin, dhana chuumftic ist sonen qhuekhe enti tote. kilaubu in uuihan keist in uuiha khirihhun catholica, uuihero kemeinitha, urlaz suntikero, fleiskes urstodali, in liip euuikan. Amen."

Hahn, Bibliothek der Symbole, &c., p. 53. Breslau, 1877. Wizzi clearly means punishment, but it may possibly be intended here as an equivalent to the Latin "Infernus," which was fourfold, as noted above from Ducange and Ludolphus Saxo. Wizzi, "locus poenarum infernalium," Symbol. Apost. Alemann apud Freherum. Stehic in Wizzi, "descendit ad inferos." Schilteri Thesaurus, Glossarium Teutonicum. Wizzi, custodia, carcer, vincula. Cf. ibid.

ZESEWUN, zesuin sines vater, dextra patris sui. Symb. Ap. Alam. Ibid.

"Khirihhun." This is a very interesting transitional form of the word "Church." It is expressly recorded that Constantine the Great introduced the word kupiakov for a church, because vάos was then too much identified with heathenism. Compare Eusebius, Oratio de Laudibus Constantini, cap. xvii.

G

GERMAN VERSION OF THE APOSTLES' CREED, NINTH CENTURY.

NACH EINER WOLFENBÜTTELER HANDSCHRIFT AUS DEM 9 JAHRHUNDERT.

"Giláubiu in got fater almahtjgon. scepphion. himiles entj erda. Endi in hejlenton christ suno sinan. einagon truhtin unseran. Ther infanganer ist fona heilegemo geiste. giboran fona mariun. magadi. gihuuizzinot. bi pontjsgen. pilate In cruci bislagan. toot enti bigraban. Nidhar stejg ci hellju. in thritten dage arstuat. fona tóotem. Uf steig ci himilom. gísaaz ci cesuum gotes fateres almahtiges. thanan quemendi ci ardeilenne quecchē endi dóodem. gilaubiu in atum uuihan. uuiha ladhunga alljcha. heilegero gimejnidha. Abláz sundeono Fleisges arstantnissi. Lijb euuigan. Amen."

ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF THE APOSTLES' CREED, c. A.D. 1030.

"Ic gelyfe on God, Faeder Aelmihtigne, Scyppend heofenan and eorthan; and ic gelyfe on Haelend Crist, his ancennedan Sunu, urne Drihten, se waes geacnod of tham Halgan Gaste, and acenned of Marian tham maedene, gethrowod under tham Pontiscan Pilate, on róde ahángen, he waes dead and bebyrged, and he nitherastah to helle, and hé arás of deathe on tham thriddan daege, and he astáh úp to heofenum, and sitt nu aet swithran Godes Aelmihtiges Faeder, thanon. he wyle cuman to démenne aegther ge tham cucum ge

b Hahn, pp. 53, 54. Ladhunga; see note on 'Gelathunge' in Anglo-Saxon version which follows.

tham deadum. And ic gelyfe on thone Halgan Gast, and tha halgan gelathunge, and halgena gemaennysse, and synna forgifennysse, and flaesces aerist, and thaet ece líf. Sy hit swa."

The following is the modern German version of the Apostles' Creed, which illustrates in some degree the foregoing Anglo-Saxon and old German versions :

"Ich glaube an Gott den Vater, allmächtigen Schöpfer Himmels und der Erde:

“Und an Jesum Christum, seinen eingebornen Sohn, unsern Herrn, Der empfangen ist vom heiligen Geiste, Geboren von der Jungfrau Maria, Gelitten unter Pontio Pilato, Gekreuziget, gestorben, und begraben, Niedergefahren zur Hölle; Am dritten Tage wieder auferstanden von den Todten, Aufgefahren gen Himmel, Sitzet zur Rechten Gottes, des allmächtigen Vaters; von dannen er kommen wird, zu richten die Lebendigen und die Todten.

From a MS. (Gg 3. 28) containing the Homilies of Elfric in the University Library, Cambridge, quoted by Heurtley, Harmonia Symbolica, pp. 90, 91. This Creed is also printed in the "Homilies of Aelfric," ed. Thorpe, vol. ii. p. 596.

"Gelathunge." This word, from the Anglo-Saxon verb 'gelathian,' to summon, assemble, is no doubt intended as a translation for the Latin word "ecclesia," which is adopted from the Greek ekkλŋoía. At this date, A.D. 1030, the AngloSaxon word 'cyric,' kirk, seems to have been usually applied to the fabric, but it is also well explained as applicable to the spiritual body of believers in a homily on the dedication of a church. "Homilies of Elfric," ed. Thorpe, vol. ii. 574-594. It is a curious fact that the Romanee languages express the word "Church" by some form of ékkλŋoía, and the German, Scandinavian, and English languages by some form of the word κυρίακον.

"Ich glaube an den heiligen Geist; Die heilige allgemeine christliche Kirche; Die Gemeinschaft der Heiligen; Vergebung der Sünden; Auferstehung des Fleisches, und ein ewiges Leben. Amend."

Old German Versions, similar to those quoted above from Dr. Hahn, are given in Monumenta Catechetica, cap. iii., in Schilter's Thesaurus, tom. i. part ii. p. 84.

It should be noted that great stress was laid upon the Resurrection of the Flesh in the Creed of Markellus, in the fossil Greek Creed of the Psalter of King Athelstan, in the old Roman Creed, in the German versions from the earliest times to the present day, in the Anglo-Saxon versions, and in the early English versions till about A.D. 1543, when in the "Necessary doctrine and erudition for any Christen man; set furthe by the Kynges majestie of Englande," the 11th Article of the Creed first appears in the form, "The resurrection of the body." The controversy respecting the use of the word "caro" or "corpus," in connexion with the doctrine of the future resurrection, is as old as the time of S. Jerome, who, about A.D. 397, wrote very fully upon this subject to Pammachius. The truth is that either expression, if rightly understood, is consistent with orthodox faith. The Church

German Prayer-Book, S.P.C.K., 1856.

e Cf. Op. S. Hieronymi, Epist. xxxviii. ad Pam., tom. iv. p. 319; also Ep. xli. ad Pam. et Oceanum, p. 344, ed. Ben. Paris, 1706. See also Bp. Pearson, "On the Creed," art. xi vol. i. p. 438, and vol. ii. p. 306, notes.