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Bloud & Cie., 1911. Ch. Quar. R., Jan. 1911. Macmillan, 1911.

Deslandres (Paul) Saint Pie V. (Les Grands Papes.) 63 p.
Webb (Clement C. J.) The "Policraticus" of John of Salisbury.
Emerton (Ephraim) Unitarian Thought. 318 p.
Transactions of the International Swedenborg Congress, held in connection with the Celebra-
tion of the Swedenborg Society's Centenary. 385 p.

6. LITERATURE AND ART.

Swedenborg Soc., 1910.

The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition, vols. i.-xiv., A-Ita. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1911. Anon. English Prosody.

Suddard (late Mary) Ben Jonson and Shakespeare.

Collins (Thornton) Shakespearian Theatres.

Reid (Hon. Whitelaw) Byron.

Edin. R., Jan. 1911. Cont. R., March 1911. Cont. R., Jan. 1911. Fort. R., Jan. 1911. Inter. J. Eth., Jan. 1911.

Stawell (F. Melian) Goethe's Influence on Carlyle, I.
Chesterton (G. K.) Appreciations and Criticism of the Works of Charles Dickens.

273 p.

Dent, 1911.

Sidgwick & Jackson, 1911.

104 p.

Salter (W. H.) Essays on Two Moderns.-Euripides: Samuel Butler. 93 p.
Binns (H. B.) The Adventure: A Romantic Variation on a Homeric Theme.
Shaw (Bernard) The Doctor's Dilemma, Getting Married, and The Shewing-up of Blanco

Posnet.

501 P.

Willert (P. F.) Chateaubriand on his own Life.

Soissons (S. C. de) Anatole France, II.

Sarolea (Charles) The Unity of Tolstoy's Life and Work.

Gribble (Francis) Tolstoy.

Vengerowa (Zinaida) Tolstoy's Last Days.

Couillart (Camille) La réforme de la prononciation latine. 187 p.

Fifield, 1911. Constable, 1911.

Quar. R., Jan. 1911.

Cont. R., Jan. 1911.

Cont. R., Jan. 1911.

Fort. R., Jan. 1911.
Fort. R., Feb. 1911.
Bloud & Cie, 1911.

7. COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS.

Jevons (F. B.) The Idea of God in Early Religions. 180 p.
Mathews (Shailer) The Evolution of Religion.
Alton (E. H.) Mithraism.

Cambridge Univ. Press, 1910.
Am. J. of Theol., Jan. 1911.
I. Ch. Quar., Jan. 1911.

Milne (Mrs Leslie) Shans at Home. With two chapters on Shan History and Literature by

Rev. W. W. Cochrane. 313 p. Davids (Mrs Rhys), ed. Compendium of Philosophy. Trans. from mattha-Sangaha. With Introd. and Notes by Shwe Zan Aung.

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Dahmen (P.) The Doctrine of Incarnation in Hinduism.
Edwards (A. Hart), ed. The Bustan of Sadi. 124 p.

I.

Theo.

Quar., Jan. 1911.

Fishberg (Maurice) The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment.

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Frowde, 1910.

Murray, 1911.

597 p. (Contemporary Walter Scott, 1911.

Jewish R., Jan. 1911.

Jewish R., Jan. 1911.

Jewish R., Jan. 1911.

R. Chrétienne, Jan. 1911.

8. PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.

Pryse, N. Y., 1910.

Ruge (Arnold) Die Philosophie der Gegenwart. Eine internationale Jahresübersicht. Literatur 1908 u. 1909. 544 p.

1.

Weiss, 1910.

Schmidt (Karl) The Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Philosophical Association.

Sorel (G.) Vues sur les problèmes de la philosophie.
Meutré (F.) La tradition philosophique.

J. of Phil., Feb. 16, 1911.

R. de Méta. et de Mor., Jan. 1911.
R. de Phil., Jan. 1911.
Blackwood, 1910.

Lindsay (James) The Fundamental Problems of Metaphysics.
Santayana (G.) Russell's Philosophical Essays, I.
Schwartzkopff (Paul) Für und wider den Monismus. Arch. f.
Hopps (J. Page) Haeckel and Monism.

147 p.

system.

J. of Phil., Feb. 2, 1911.
Phil., xvii. 1, Feb. 1911.
Cont. R., Jan. 1911.

Schiller (F. C. S.) Riddles of the Sphinx. New and rev. ed.
Franklin (Charles) What Nature is. 74 p.
Ostwald (Wilhelm) Natural Philosophy. Trans. by T. Seltzer.
Colgate (R. T.) and Rodd (E. H.) Molecular Architecture.

505 p.

Sherman,

202 p.

Seliber. Le problème du Transformisme.

Shelton (H. S.) Modern Theories of Geologic Time.

Wallace (A. R.) The World of Life. (Illus.). 408 p.

Macmillan, 1910. French & Co., 1911. Holt & Co., 1910.

Science Progress, Jan. 1911.

R. Philos., Jan. 1911. Cont. R., Feb. 1911. Chapman & Hall, 1911.

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Frowde, 1911. Edinb. R., Jan. 1911. Camb. Univ. Press, 1910.

Doncaster (L.) Heredity in the Light of Recent Research. 150 p.
Gemelli (A.) La notion d'espèce et les théories évolutionnistes, I. and II.

Oswald (Felix) The Sudden Origin of New Types.
Müller (Georg) Versuch einer Zeittheorie.
Bonucci (A.) Verità e realità. 526 p.

R. de Phil., Jan. and Feb. 1911. Science Progress, Jan. 1911. Arch. f. system. Phil., xvii. 1, Feb. 1911. Formiggini, 1911.

Schlick (Moritz) Das Wesen der Wahrheit nach der modernen Logik.

Vierteljahrssch. f. w. Phil., xxxiv. 4, 1910. Weber (L.) Notes sur la croissance et la différenciation. R. de Méta, et de Mor., Jan. 1911. Planck (Max) Zur Machschen Theorie der physikalischen Erkenntnis.

Vierteljahrssch. f. w. Phil., xxxiv. 4, 1910.

Meyerson (E.) L'Histoire du problème de la Connaissance de M. E. Cassirer.

R. de Meta. et de Mor., Jan. 1911.

Stout (G. F.) Reply to Mr Joseph.
Bradley (F. H.) Reply to Mr Russell's Explanations.
Alexander (H. B.) The Goodness and Beauty of Truth, I. and II.

Mind, Jan. 1911.
Mind, Jan. 1911.

J. of Phil., Jan. 5 and 19, 1911.
Rider & Son, 1911.

Hill (J. Arthur) New Evidences in Psychical Research. 230 p.
Montgomery (G. R.) The Unexplored Self.
256 p.
Wundt (Wilhelm) Völkerpsychologie. Bd. iv. Mythus und Religion.

Dupuis (L.) Le moindre effort en Psychologie.

Putnam, 1910. Teil i. 599 p. Engelmann, 1910. R. Philos., Feb. 1911. Mind, Jan. 1911.

Drewitt (J. A. J.) On the Distinction between Waking and Dreaming.
Toulemonde (J.) Influence de l'idée subconsciente sur toute la vie de l'homme.

R. de Phil., Jan. 1911.
R. de Phil., Jan. 1911.

Pachen (J.) L'expérience mystique et l'activité subconsciente.
Mumford (Edith E. Read) The Dawn of Character: A Study of Child Life. 236 p.

Peillaube (E.) Formation des idées abstraites et générales.
Brown (H. Chapman) The Logic of Mr Russell.
Frankl (W. M.) Einteilung der möglichen Folgerungen.

Longmans, 1910.

R. de Philos., Feb. 1911. J. of Phil., Feb. 16, 1911.

Arch. f. system. Phil., xvii. 1, Feb. 1911.
Mind, Jan. 1911.
R. Philos., Jan. 1911.

Jones (E. E. C.) A New "Law of Thought" and its Implications.
Goblot (R.) L'induction de mathématiques.
Vacca (G.) Sur le principe d'induction mathématique. R. de Méta. et de Mor., Jan. 1911.
Ristitsch (S.) Konträrer oder kontradiktorischer Gegensatz in Kants mathematischen
Antinomien ?
Vierteljahrssch. f. w. Phil., xxxiv. 4, 1910.
Fifield, 1911.
J. of Phil., Dec. 22, 1910.

Sedlak (F.) A Holiday with a Hegelian. 190 p.
Russell (John E.) Realism a Defensible Doctrine.
Spaulding (E. G.) Realism: A Reply to Professor Dewey and an Exposition.

J. of Phil., Feb. 2, 1911.
J. of Phil., Feb. 2, 1911.

Clarendon Press, 1911.

Dewey (J.) Rejoinder to Dr Spaulding.
Smith (J. A.) and Ross (R. D.), eds. The Works of Aristotle. De Partibus Animalium. Trans.
by W. Ogle. 639a-697b p.
Taylor (A. E.) Epicurus. (Philosophies, Ancient and Modern.) 129 p. Constable, 1911.
Bussell (F. W.) Marcus Aurelius and the Later Stoics. 313 p.
T. & T. Clark, 1910.
Sichler (Albert) Ueber falsche Interpretation des kritischen Realismus und Voluntarismus
Wundts.
Arch. f. system. Phil., xvii. 1, Feb. 1911.
Humbert (A.) L'évolution morphologique du language selon Wilhelm Wundt.
R. de Philos., Feb. 1911.
Lalande (A.) L'idée de vérité d'après W. James et ses critiques. R. Philosophique, Jan. 1911.
Ménard (A.) Analyse et critique des principes de la psychologie de W. James. 467 p.

Lovejoy (Arthur 0.) William James as Philosopher.
Perry (R. Barton) The Philosophy of William James.
Jacks (L. P.) William James and his Message.
M'Dougall (W.) In Memory of William James.
Muirhead (J. H.) William James as Philosopher.
Smith (H. Arthur) William James and Frank Podmore.
Sidgwick (Mrs Henry) Frank Podmore and Psychical Research.

Alcan, 1911. Inter. J. Eth., Jan. 1911.

Phil. R., Jan. 1911.
Cont. R., Jan. 1911.

Proc. S. P. R., xxv. 62, March 1911.
Proc. S. P. R., xxv. 62, March 1911.
Proc. S.P.R., xxv. 62, March 1911.

Proc. S.P.R., xxv. 62, March 1911.

Bergson (H.) Matter and Memory. (Authorised trans. by Nancy M. Paul and W. S. Palmer.)

359 P.

Bergson (H.) Creative Evolution. Trans. by Arthur Mitchell. 440 p.
Solomon (J.) The Philosophy of Bergson.

Dolson (G. N.) The Philosophy of Henri Bergson, II.
Wine (Kasimir Filip) Ueber aesthetische Grundtypen.

Sonnenschein, 1911.
Macmillan, 1911.
Mind, Jan. 1911.
Phil. R., Jan. 1911.

Vierteljahrsseh. f. w. Phil., xxxiv. 4, 1910.
G. D. H.

THE

HIBBERT JOURNAL

THE CHRISTIAN IDEA OF GOD.

A PLEA FOR SIMPLICITY.

SIR OLIVER LODGE.

INVESTIGATION is laborious and unexciting; it takes years, and progress is slow; but in all regions of knowledge it is the method which in the long run has led towards truth; it is the method by which what we feel to be solid and substantial progress has always been made. In many departments of human knowledge this fact is admitted—though men of science have had to fight hard for their method before getting it generally recognised. In some departments it is still contested, and the arguments of Bacon in favour of free experimental inquiry are applicable to those subjects which are claimed as superior to scientific test.

If it be objected that not by such means is truth in religious matters ascertained, if it be held that we must walk by faith, not by sight, and that never by searching will man find out any of the secrets of God, I do not care to contest the objection, though I disagree with its negative portion. That no amount of searching will ever enable us to find out the Almighty to perfection is manifestly true; that secrets may be revealed to inspired "babes" which are hidden from the wise and prudent is likewise certain; but that no secret

VOL. X.-No. 4.

697

46

things of God can be brought to light by patient examination and inquiry into facts is false, for you cannot parcel out truth into that which is divine and that which is not divine; the truths of science were as much God's secrets as any other, and they have yielded up their mystery to precisely the process which is called in question.

We are part of the Universe, our senses have been evolved in and by it; it follows that they are harmonious with it and that the way it appeals to our senses is a true way; though their obvious limitation entitles us to expect from time to time fresh discoveries of surprising and fundamental novelty and a growing perception of tracts beyond our ancient ken.

Some critics there are, however, who, calling themselves scientific, have made up their minds in a negative direction and a contrary sense. These are impressed not only with the genuineness of the truth afforded us through our senses and perceptions, but with its completeness; they appear to think that the main lines of research have already been mapped out or laid down, they will not believe that regions other than those to which they are accustomed can be open to scientific exploration; especially they imagine that in the so-called religious domain there can be no guides except preconception and prejudice. Accordingly, they appear to disbelieve that anyone can be conscientiously taking trouble to grope his way by patient inquiry, with the aid of such clues as are available; and in order to contradict the results of such inquiry they fall into the habit of doing that of which they accuse the workers,-they appeal to sentiment and presumption. They talk freely about what they believe, what they hope for, what they desire, what they expect; as if they thought that their opinions and wishes were of importance in determining actuality, that their desires exerted an influence over fate, that they could decide what was really true and what was not. They are guided by emotion and prejudice; they do not seek knowledge. Doubtless they regard knowledge on certain topics as inaccessible, so they are

positive and self-satisfied and opinionated and quite sure. They pride themselves on their hard-headed scepticism and robust common-sense; while the truth is that they have bound themselves into a narrow cell by walls of sentiment, and have thus excluded whole regions of human experience from their purview.

It so happens that I have been engaged for over forty years in mathematical and physical science, and for more than half that period in exploration into unusual psychical development, as opportunity arose; and I have thus been led to certain tentative conclusions respecting permissible ways of regarding the universe.

First, I have learned to regard the universe as a concrete and full-bodied reality, with parts accessible and intelligible to us, all of it capable of being understood and investigated by the human mind, not as an abstraction or dreamlike entity whose appearances are deceptive. Our senses do not deceive us; their testimony is true as far as it goes. I have learned to believe in Intelligibility.

Next, that everything, every single thing, has many aspects. Even such a thing as water, for instance. Water, regarded by the chemist, is an assemblage or aggregate of complex molecules; regarded by the meteorologist and physiographer, it is an element of singular and vitally important properties; every poet has treated of some aspect of beauty exhibited by this common substance; while to the citizen it is an ordinary need of daily life. All the aspects together do not exhaust the subject, but each of them is real. The properties of matter of which our senses tell us, or enable us to inquire into in laboratories, are true properties, real and true. They are not the whole truth, a great deal more is known about them by men of science, but the more complex truths do not make the simpler ones false. Moreover we must admit that the whole truth about the simplest thing is assuredly beyond us; the Thing in itself is related to the whole universe, and in its fulness is incomprehensible.

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