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seven to nine to seven to ten.

The motion was then carried by acclamation. The PRESIDENT felt greatly honoured by the cordial manner in which the motion had been received and the kind way in which Dr. Odling had introduced it. He had experienced much pleasure during his occupation of the chair, which any chemist would be proud to occupy. He was very grateful for the way in which the Council and the Society had seconded him in everything.

The TREASURER (Dr. Russell) then read his account of the finances of the Society. The state of the Society was very satisfactory. The income for the year was £2350; the expenditure £2300. The balance in hand of the Research Fund amounted to about £230.

Mr. FRISWELL then read the report of the Auditors, Messrs. Spiller, Thomson, and Friswell.

one branch of our science, but will lay claim to its fair, library was open in the evening should be extended from share of those borderlands in which the work of the chemist blends with that of the physicist, the geologist, and the physiologist. Scientific culture will also lead to a perception of what are the higher aims of chemical enquiry. The formation of new compounds is valuable, but we are liable to be encumbered by the richness and quantity of our materials, and to forget the necessity of grouping them together as a part of systematic knowledge. The construction of the most expressive formulæ is useful, but we must always be ready to modify these as the exigencies of further knowledge may require. We want, also, to know more of the chemical force itself, and how it acts; we want to distinguish those properties which are so profoundly connected with the ultimate molecules of matter that they are little, if at all, affected by chemical combination; from those which are the sport of every change; we want to study all the transformations of energy involved in the phenomena of dynamical chemistry, and to determine with precision how the chemical force is related to the other great forces of nature. As to the diffusion of chemical knowledge, our Journal is the main instrument in our hands for effecting this. But the new arrangements in regard to the lending of books from the Library will doubtless advance the same object. It is happily the case that a knowledge of chemistry is fast finding its way into our upper and middle class schools; and though our science is not recognised by the Government code, many attempts åre being made to introduce into our elementary schools some primary knowledge of those facts and principles of nature which lie at the foundation of chemical and physical science. Technical education is also rising into favour, and the formation of a technical college is now engaging the attention of the great City companies. The Society, as such, can perhaps do but little in this direction, although the practical applications of chemistry are directly alluded to in our Charter, but its individual members may accomplish much.

Dr. THUDICHUMм had listened with great satisfaction to the statement of the Treasurer. After making a few remarks as to the present method of electing Fellows, Dr. Thudichum proposed a cordial vote of thanks to the Treasurer, who had performed his important duties in the most perfect manner the Society could wish.

Dr. GILBERT seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously, with much pleasure.

Dr. RUSSELL returned thanks to the meeting. Mr. NEISON proposed a vote of thanks to the officers and Council.

This was seconded by Mr. GROSJEAN, and carried unanimously.

Mr. PERKIN replied.

Votes of thanks were subsequently given to the Auditors, the Editors, Abstractors, and the Reporter of the Society.

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The following officers were then announced from the chair as having been duly elected for the ensuing year :President, Warren De La Rue, F.R.S.; Vice Presidents, F. A. Abel, C.B., Sir B. C. Brodie, E. Frankland, J. H. Gladstone, A. W. Hofmann, W. Odling, Lyon Playfair, A. W. Williamson, F. Field, J. N. Gilbert, N. S. Maskelyne, H. E. Roscoe, R. Angus Smith, J. Young; Secretaries, W. H. Perkin, H. E. Armstrong; Foreign Secretary, Hugo Müller; Treasurer, W. J. Russell; other Members Hartley, C. W. Heaton, E. Riley, W. C. Roberts, W. A. of the Council, M. Carteighe, A. H. Church, W. N. Tilden, W. Thorp, T. E. Thorpe, J. T. W. Thudichum R. V. Tuson, R. Warington.

PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
CHEMICAL SECTION.
Ordinary Meetings.

Mr. JAMES MACTEAR, President, in the Chair.

Dr. ARMSTRONG then read a list of grants rom the Research Fund made during the past year:-£50 to Mr. Hartley for an Investigation of the Absorption of the Ultra-violet Rays of the Spectrum by Organic Substances; £30 to Dr. W. Ramsay for Determining the Electric Conductivity and Resistance of Solutions of Salts at Different Temperatures; £50 to Dr. Tilden for an Investigation into the Chemical Nature of the Terpenes; £10 to Mr. Shenstone for an Examination of Certain Reactions of Brucine and Strychnine; £20 to Mr. W. Jago for a Research on the Organic Matter in Sea Water; £20 to Mr. Francis Jones for the Investigation of Boron Hydride; £15 to Mr. F. D. Brown for the Experimental Study of the Theory of Fractional Distillation; £10 to Dr. Burghardt for the Investigation of the Constitution of Topaz; £15 to Prof. Thorpe for the Investigation of Abietine; £30 to Dr. Dupré for the Estimation of the Organic Carbon in Atmospheric Air. The "On the Manufacture of Phosphorus," by Mr. JAMES following gentlemen who have received grants have comREADMAN. The author remarked at the outset that his municated papers to the Society:-Messrs. Johnson, communication contained nothing absolutely new, but was Carleton Williams, Drs. Harrow and Wright; Mr. Hartley in conjunction with Mr. Hartington has pre- simply an accouut of the practical aspects of the phossented his first results to the Royal Society, Proceed-phorus manufacture. Various mineral phosphates are now used in the manufacture of phosphorus; bone-ash is no ings, xxviii., 233. The following gentlemen, who, for various reasons, have not yet communicated papers, have longer remunerative, on account of its high price. Among the varieties of mineral phosphate are-Canadian phossent in reports to the Committee:-Drs. Crow, Carnelly, phate, German or Nassau phosphate, Charleston phosTilden, and Ramsay; Messrs. Bedson, Neison, Shenstone, phate, and Sombrero phosphate. The first stage in the and Jago. manufacture of phosphorus is to decompose the calcium phosphate completely in a large cylinder with sulphuric acid of 110° to 1150 Twaddle, with constant agitation. The calcium sulphate is then filtered off, and the filtrate is evaporated to about 80° or 90° T., and then allowed to cool. It contains over 25 per cent of P205. It is then mixed with coase wood-charcoal, and dried in a mufflefurnace. The proportion of charcoal to liquor is 1 to 5. This substance contains the phosphoric acid in a partially insoluble state, so that it is different in its properties from

Dr. ODLING then moved a vote of thanks to the Presi dent and the adoption of his report. It was very gratifying to hear such a flourishing report, and thought the Fellows might congratulate themselves on having had such a President.

Mr. NEISON, in seconding the motion, urged that a copy of the General Index should be presented to every Fellow of the Society.

Dr. WRIGHT suggested that the hours during which the

148

Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid.

meta-phosphoric acid. The mixture is then transferred to retorts of Stourbridge clay, capable of holding 30 to 40 lbs. The malleable iron pipe through which the phosphorus distils is then luted on, and the heat is raised to bright redness. The phosphorus distils over, and is condensed in water. It only remains to cast it in moulds, when it is sent to market. Mr. Readman, in contradiction to the usual assertions in text-books, called especial attention to the fact that mono-calcium phosphate is not used as a source of phosphorus, for the calcium takes up valuable room, and the compound requires a much more intense heat to effect its decomposition. Redonda phosphate of aluminium is regarded by the author as the future source of phosphorus, but as yet no attempt to procure phosphorus from it has been pecuniarily successful.

The PRESIDENT read a paper on the "Leblanc Soda Process." He gave an historical resumé of the process of alkali manufacture, mentioning that before Leblanc brought out his process it was very probably carried on as a secret process in England. The various reactions imagined by different investigators to take place were then alluded to. Among these the following was given by Dumas :(CaCO3 + Na2SO4 = CaSO4 + Na2CO3. CaSO4+4C=CaS+4CO

It was afterwards supposed that an oxysulphide of calcium
was formed in virtue of the equation-
2Na2SO4+3CaCO3+12C=

2Na,CO3+CaO.2CaS+roCD+3C;
and Gossage represented the reaction as-
2Na2SO4+3CaCO3+9C=2Na2CO3+2CaS+ CaO+10CO
The author then gave an account of his own researches
on the subject. As it is impossible to arrive at any defi-
nite conclusion by operating on the large scale, for differ-
ent samples of black-ash, even when drawn with the
greatest possible care from the same charge, show the
most varied composition, the reaction was simplified,
sodium sulphate and carbon being heated together in small
quantity: the proportions and temperature were varied in
each experiment. Some preliminary experiments were
made, and proved that sodium carbonate is formed, espe-
cially at a red heat. At a higher temperature very little
Na2CO3 was produced. The reaction evidently approxi-

mated to

Na2SO4+4C=Na2S+4CO.

At 1250° F. the reaction between sodium sulphate and carbon in a closed crucible is represented by the equation3Na2SO4+6C=Na2CO3+ Na2S2+ Na2S+4CO2+CO. In an open crucible the excess of sulphur is burned off, and it is probable that if more carbon were added all the sulphate of sodium would be converted into carbonate. On raising the temperature the Na2S2 and Na2CO3 are decomposed, and the only products are Na2S+CO.

The next paper was read by Mr. COLEMAN. Its subject was "The Liquefaction of Gases." The author gave a description of his apparatus for liquefying hydrocarbons with low boiling-points obtained in the distillation of shale, and explained it on theoretical principles.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

{CHEMICAL NEWS,

April 1879.

matics, §; whilst physiology and psychology are absent
altogether. On the other hand, architecture is favoured
with 8 columns, commerce with 4, capital and labour with
the same space, lawsuits with 2, and railways with 4.
Hence we submit that the new periodical is altogether
wrongly named. We observe, further, that the French,
Gernian, and other Continental scientific journals do not
appear to be indexed. Amongst our American con-
temporaries the Scientific American with its supplement
is alone selected, to the exclusion of not a few journals of
high and recognised value. Many British periodicals are
also overlooked.
Thus we see no mention of the
Chemist and Druggist, the Pharmaceutical Journal,
the Analyst, the Sugarcane, &c. The medical journals
are omitted in a body, as are also several impor-
tant papers devoted to various branches of natural history.
Now it must be clear that a partial and incomplete index
is of very doubtful value. A student hears a rumour con-
cerning a certain memoir which has appeared. He searches
the "Seience Index," and finding no mention of it is led
to conclude that it does not exist, the fact being that it is
to be found in some journal which has here been over-
looked.

Another defect is that certain memoirs are credited not

to the journals in which they first appeared, but to others in which they have been reproduced. Typographical errors are also too numerous, and in certain cases are of a misleading character.

If the editor in future issues will attend to these suggestions he may achieve a decided success. But we must confess ourselves unable to recommend the January

number as a "Science Index."

The Textile Colourist. Vol. I., No. 1.
THIS is a new periodical devoted to dyeing, bleaching,
printing, &c., and has just appeared at Philadelphia under
the management of Dr. Frank. It contains a number of
practical recipes illustrated by well dyed samples of dyed
dants, by M. P. Prunier, we will merely remark that he
yarns, trimmings, &c. Concerning the chapter on mor-
gives the name "iron liquor," not as usual to the acetate
of iron, but to a nitro-sulphate, and that he terms his per-
chloride of tin "red liquor," a name formerly peculiar to
the acetate of alumina. This, we fear, will lead to fur-
ther confusion in a nomenclature which is already compli
cated enough.

We wish our new contemporary a prosperous and a useful career.

CORRESPONDENCE.

MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID.

To the Editor of the Chemical News. SIR,-Since in your review of a new treatise on the manufacture of sulphuric acid my authority is referred to on a special point, that of the introduction of nitric acid in the liquid form, I feel bound to state that I am no longer so decidedly in favour of that system as I certainly was some years ago. Having investigated this matter very carefully, along with all other points of sulphuric acid and alkali The Science Index: a Monthly Guide to the Contents of the Austrian, and French Alkali works, I have come to the making, on visits to the prominent English, German, Scientific Periodicals. January, 1879. Vol. I., No. 1. conclusion that, on the whole, the decomposition of the We were very much pleased with the fundamental idea of nitrate and sulphuric acid by the heat of the burner gas, this journal as conveyed in its title, but on looking further as practised in England and at many Continental works, we experienced no small degree of disappointment. A is the better plan, if carried out in the proper way. In relatively trifling portion of the space is devoted to science, that case the consumption of nitrate is just as low as whilst the lion's share is allotted to the industrial arts when employing nitric acid in the liquid form. The difand to commerce. Thus, of the 112 columns, chemistry receives 3; astronomy, 1; electricity, 1; natural history, I; physics, I; geology, 1; botany, ; mathc

ference between the two plans, as far as cost and convenience are concerned, is certainly very slight now, since the nitric acid is now no longer introduced by "cascades,"

but it is, by some of the most careful German and Austrian manufacturers, simply run down the Glover ⚫ tower, all fear of any appreciable loss of nitrous compounds in that tower having vanished. I cannot, of course, explain these matters in detail here; this is done in my "Treatise on the Alkali Manufacture," the first volume of which (Sulphuric Acid) has just been published in German, whilst the English edition (published by Mr. John van Voorst) is far on its way through the press.-I am, &c.,

GEORGE LUNGE.

Gazzetta Chimica Italiana. Anno vii., 1878. Fasc. viii. and ix. Cumo-phenol-carbonic Acid.-E. Paterno and G. Mazzara. This acid takes the form of flat needles or nacreous laminæ, which melt at 120'5° and volatilise without decomposition; sparingly soluble in cold water, more so in hot water, and very soluble in alcohol and ether. The aqueous solution yields with ferric salts a very intense violet-blue colouration. Its composition is expressed by the formula C10H1203. The authors have examined its barium, lead, and silver salts.

Alleged Existence of Oxygenated Water in the Organism of Plants.-Prof. Giuseppe Belucci.-The

CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN presence of hydric peroxide in the juices of plants was

SOURCES.

NOTE.-All degrees of temperature are Centigrade, unless otherwis expressed.

Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances, l'Académie de des Sciences. No. 10. March 10, 1879.

This issue is taken up with the annual presidential address and with an account of the awards of the various prizes offered for certain branches of research. One of these reports, relative to the prize awarded to M. Turpin for his non-poisonous pigments, requires notice. These, we are told, include not merely certain colours long known, such as zinc-white and chromate of zinc (!) but "others which are new and absolutely inoffensive, as they derive their origin from coal-tar." Is not this a somewhat hazardous conclusion?

Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris,

No. 3, February 3, 1879.

Researches on Strychnine.-H. Gal and A. Etaid. The authors, on treating strychnine with hydrate of baryta, have obtained two new hydrated bases, di- and trihydro-strychnine.

On Succinic Fermentation.-P. Miquel.-The author has detected the bacterium which effects the decomposition of asparagin into succinate of ammonia. It is a mobile organism formed of one, two, or rarely of a greater number of joints. The mature being and its germs are destroyed by a temperature of 48° to 49° kept up for two hours.

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first admitted by Schoenbein, and was maintained more recently by Clermont. The assumption is refuted by the author's experiments.

Two Propyl phenols and other Derivatives of Propyl-benzol.-Dr. P. Spica.-The author describes syn. thetic propyl-benzol obtained by the method of Fittig, Schäffer, and König, its sulph-acids and the a- and ßderivatives of the latter.

Dimorphism of the Aceto-toluides.-Dr. R. Panebianco.-An optical and crystallographical study, not admitting of useful abstraction.

Synthesis of Phenyl-cinnamic Acid.-Dr. A. Oglia. loro. The author obtains the new acid by heating in a reflux apparatus for eight hours, at a temperature of 150° to 160°, about 25 grms. of phenyl-acetate of sodium, preViously dried at 110° to 120°, with 16 grms. of benzoic aldehyd and 60 of anhydrous acetic acid. The product of the reaction, which, when hot, is entirely liquid, condenses on cooling to a reddish brown crystalline mass, which is diluted with water and boiled to expel the excess of acetic acid employed. The result is filtered when the filtrate deposits the acid in white needles.

Preparation of Ammonialdehyds with Mixed Radicles.-R. Schiff.-An examination of the action of benzoic aldehyd upon chloral-ammonium and butylchloral-ammonium.

Studies on Teucrium Fruticans.-Dr. A. Oglialoro. -The author has obtained from this plant a compound which he provisionally names teucrin. and has examined its behaviour with nitric and sulphuric acids.

Chemical Nature of the Essence of Laurocerasus and of Bitter Almonds.-Dr. M. Fileti.-The author studied the action of nascent hydrogen upon this essence and upon amygdalin.

Dextro-rotatory Amylic Alcohol.-J. A. Le Bel.-has Lævo-rotatory amylic alcohol, indicating - 4'33° for IO centimetres of a liquid column may be rendered inactive by its transformation into amylate of sodium and by the action of an elevated temperature upon the latter. The author separates the dextro-rotatory alcohol from the inactive kind by destroying a portion of the lævorotatory kind by moulds.

Action of Diastase, Saliva, and Pancreatic Liquid upon Starch and Glycogen.- F. Musculus and J. de Méring. Already noticed.

Aniline and the Methylated Toluydins, and on their Coloured Derivatives.-P. Monnet, F. Reverdin, and E. Noelting. The authors describe mono-methylaniline, dimethyl-aniline, mono-methyl-ortho-toluydin, dimethyl-ortho-toluydin, mono-methyl-meta-toluydin, dimethyl-meta-toluydin, and dimethyl-para-toluydin. It results from their researches that among all the bases found in commercial methyl-aniline pure dimethyl-aniline itself is the only one which can be advantageously used for the manufacture of violet. Mono-methyl-aniline and dimethyl-ortho-toluydin give, indeed, good violets of a redder tone than that of dimethyl-aniline, but the yield is very trifling. Mono-methyl-ortho-toluydin gives a good return of violet, but it has the defect of being insoluble in water. The methylated derivatives of the two other toluydins yield brown and grey colours of no value.

The Alkaline Polysulphides as Reagents for Cobalt -G. Papasogli.-Among the characteristic reactions of cobalt is one founded upon the blood-red colouration (or rose, in small quantities) obtained if there is poured into the solution of the double cyanide of cobalt and potassium A similar some nitrite of potassium with nitric acid. colouration is obtained if, instead of adding nitrite of potassium and nitric acid to the above-mentioned cobalt solution, there is added a little drop of a solution of a yellow alkaline sulphide. In order that the reaction may be most sensitive the polysulphide should be added in such but form two distinct strata. a manner that the two liquids may not completely mix If cobalt is present the plane of separation will show a blood-red, more or less intense according to the quantity of the metal. The author has obtained this reaction with c.c. of a liquid containing 0.00005 grm. of cobalt. The presence of nickel does

not interfere.

Glucoside of Liquorice.-Prof. F. Sestini.-Not sus ceptible of useful abstraction.

Chemiker Zeitung.
No. 9, 1879.

Sugared Ultramarine.-C. Fürstenau.-The Austrian ultramarine manufacturers sophisticate their colours with

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150

Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources.

COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF THE METROPOLITAN WATER.
FEBRUARY, 1879.

THE following are the returns of the Society of Medical Officers of Health:—

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0'000

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Grs. Grs. Grs.
0'000 0.007 0.180 0061 22:10 8.730 0720 108 1610
0'000 0.009 0.180 0*047 22.00 8890 0684 115
0'000 0.008 0.150 0036 2170 8.460 0.720 115
0'007 0135 0.062
7'770 0'579 1'15
0'000 0'006 0135 0.087 2170 6'440 0710 129 1740

Grs. Grs.

Grs. Grs. Grs.

Degs. Degs

143 460

1430

132 460

1780

13.2 3.30

22.20

I'200

13.7 3.70

13'2 3'30

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Clear
Clear

30 90 8.490 1.222 1.80 3.000 22:40 7280 0'540 115 1 160 143 370 26:00 9°570 0·600 136 1710 16°54'60 The quantities of the several constituents are stated in grains per imperial gallon. NOTE. The amount of oxygen required to oxidise the organic matter, nitrites, &c., is determined by a standard solu. tion of permanganate of potash acting for three hours; and in the case of the metropolitan waters the quantity of organic matter is about eight times the amouut of oxygen required by it.

3 parts of gypsum, and lest the colour should appear too pale it is further mixed with glycerin or glucose, or a mixture of both. This keeps the powder damp and renders the colour apparently deeper.

C. MEYMOTT TIDY, M.B.

No. 11, 1879.

Utilisation of Animal Refuse.-Dr. B. Terne.-The author. points out that offensive gases are invariably generated when fresh animal matters are boiled by means of steam at a high pressure, and recommends that they should be gradually passed through the furnace.

Formation of Ammonium Nitrite.-V. Löseke. When water evaporates in air a little ammonium nitrite is always formed. The author shows that this takes place at the expense of the free nitrogen of the atmo--The author, by his compensating arrangement of the sphere, more of which enters into combination at low than at high temperatures.

Industrial Activity.-At a general meeting of the German Distillers' Association it was resolved to establish and maintain a chemical laboratory, an experimental distillery, a school of distilling, a trade journal, a glassblowing establishment (for the manufacture of normal hydrometers), and an office for general intelligence.

No. 10, 1879.

Chloride of Lime.-Dr. Filsinger.-The author states that in case of English samples the importers have very frequently to complain of differences in strength, whilst in German qualities important deviations from the stipulated strength are almost unknown.

Spurious Seeds.-According to Dr. A. Stutzer the manufacture of artificial clover seed is now a flourishing business in Germany. Fragments of gravel of a suitable size are obtained by sifting, and are then agitated with certain colouring matters in a revolving drum till their appearance is considered satisfactory.

Unwholesome Honey.-A sample of honey which had occasioned illness on consumption was found when microscopically examined to contain multitudes of Acari (Glycyphagno prunorum and agilis).

Manufacture of Picric Acid.-J. Marzelli proposes to add slowly the sulphacid of phenol to concentrated nitric acid. The reaction proceeds slowly without requiring the application of heat. The crystals of crude picric acid are washed in cold water, pressed, and recrystallised.-Monit. Prod. Chimiques.

Cerium Aniline-Black.-J. Lytsche, of St. Petersburg, has used this process successfully for upwards of a year, employing a cerous sulphate formed by dissolving the cerite of Riddarhytta, in Sweden, in sulphuric acid. The black is said to be faster than that produced with vanadium.-Dingl. Polyt. Journ.

Sensitiveness of Chemical Balances.-A. Verbeek. axial knife-edges of the balance, renders it equally sensitive when loaded as when empty.

Saccharification of Starch.-M. Riban.-If starch is soaked for a year in a cold saturated solution of common salt it is gradually converted into glucose.

of the urine are poured into a test-tube, acidulated with Reaction of Bile Pigments in Urine.-About 2 grms 2 or 3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, and a small crystal of potassic nitrite is introduced, taking care that it does not fall upon the side of the tube. If bile pigments formed in the liquid.-Repertoire de Pharmacie, 35, 58. are present splendid grass-green stripes are immediately

Les Mondes, Revue Hebdomadaire des Sciences.
No. 10, March 6, 1879.

M. Adam lays great emphasis on the use of soot in horticulture and agriculture as a means of destroying or banishing noxious insects.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Russian Scientific News.-Some experiments exegrammes of nitro-mannite, placed into a capsule, produces cuted in Cronstadt, have shown that an explosion of two a full detonation of damp gun-cotton, containing at least 25 per cent of water. The explosion of the nitro-mannite was effected by the explosion of o'z grm. of mercury fulminate, and in other experiments by using the same amount of diazo benzol nitrate. Other fulminating compounds (KC|O3, C6H2(NO2)3.OK) gave the same effect, but the quantity of them, wanted for the same purpose, exceeds

I grm.

M. Adrianovsky reports on the action of aluminium chloride on acetic and sulphurous anhydrides. Acting hy aluminium chloride on acetic anhydride at ordinary tem.

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perature acetyl chloride and aluminium acetate are produced. Sulphurous anhydride with AlzCl6 gives a compound having the following composition :-AICI2SO2CI. This reaction takes place at ordinary temperature, but is more easily conducted at 50° to 60° Celsius.

NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

In consequence of GOOD FRIDAY occurring in the ensuing week, the CHEMICAL NEWS will be published on Thursday next, April the 10th. Advertisements must therefore be forwarded to the Office not later than 2 o'clock on Wednesday, the 9th instant.

Prof. Bexetoff has made some new experiments on the absorption of hydrogen by palladium, and determined the atomic heat of the hydrogen when alloyed with palladium. The atomic heat was found to be 5.88. 25 0938 grms. of palladium in the form of wire and strips were used for the experiment. The metal absorbed o'1418 grm. of hydrogen, corresponding to 1575 c.c.; in other words, the palla-An dium absorbed 710 volumes of the hydrogen.

SERGIUS KERN, M.E., St. Petersburg

NOTES AND QUERIES.

any of your readers

Testing of Coal-Tar Products.-Can

Assistant Chemist wanted in a London

Sugar Refinery. Salary £40. Must have experience in saccharometry.-M. W., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, Boy Court, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

The Advertiser, with considerable practical

experience as Sugar and Brewing Chemist, is wishing to meet a position where his knowledge would prove of service. High testimonials and refererces-Address, M. N. T., CHEMICAL NEWS Office,. Boy Court, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

recommend a book on the commercial testing of coal-tar products? Situation wanted by a Competent Analyst as

T. C. W.

Gases from Vitriol Chambers.-(Reply to W. L.)-You will find the information you desire in our new work on sulphuric acid, published by Sampson, Low, and Co., 188, Fleet Street, E.C., and noticed in last week's CHEMICAL NEWS.-LOCK AND LOCK.

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JOURNAL OF

AND ANNALS OF

SCIENCE

Assistant or Principal. Good teacher. Apply, Public Analyst, CHEMICAL NEWS Office, Boy Court, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

The

he Runcorn Soap and Alkali Co., Limited, Runcorn, are in want of a Youth in the Laboratory as an Apprentice for three or four years.-Apply by letter only to the Runcorn Soap and Alkali Co., Limited, Runcorn.

Wanted, by a Gentleman (age 19), an Ap

pointment in an Analytical Laboratory. Has been practical acquainted with general analysis for two years in the laboratories o the Pharmaceutical Society. References permitted to Profess of Attfield. Address, E. A. R., Oxford Villa, Montague Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Wanted, an Under-Assistant in a Chemical

Laboratory in London; must have a general knowledge of chemistry and good references.-Apply by letter only to G. Ansdell, 30, Duke Street, Piccadilly, W.

FILTER-PRESS.

BIOLOGY, ASTRONOMY, GEOLOGY, INDUSTRIAL ARTS Wanted, a Second-hand Filter-Press in Iron

MANUFACTURES, AND TECHNOLOGY.

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FOR
'OR SALE.-About 150 tons Monthly of
Woollen Shoddy Manure; free from grease; containing nitro-
gen equal to from 5 to 10 per cent ammonia.-Apply to David Shaw,
near Clayton, Manchester.

IV. A New Theory of Terrestrial Magnetism. By Profs. Perry To BE LET, at best offer obtainable, Com

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TEXT-BOOKS OF SCIENCE.
Now ready, with 6 Plates and 88 Woodcuts and Diagrams, in
small 8vo., price 4s. 6d. cloth,

THE STUDY OF ROCKS, an Elementary

Text-book of Petrology. By FRANK RUTLEY, F.G.S., of Her Majesty's Geological Survey.

"We strongly recommend this work to all who are entering upon the study of geology, and who wish at the outset to lay a firm foundation."-Journal of Science.

"We desire to call attention to this work, which ought to have a We carnot peculiar attraction for a large number of our readers refrain from recommending to special attention the short but able description of the definition and origin of Rocks, which forms the subject-matter of the second chapter."-Mining World.

London: LONGMANS and CO.

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in Plots of Two to Ten Acres, near Swansea. Coals obtainable from 4s. 6d. per ton. Water good and abundant. Any description of manufactory can be carried on. Excellent Railway, Canal, and Dock accommodation close at hand.-Apply to Richard Hall, Esq., 37, Great George Street, Westminster, or Mr. Thomas Williams, Aberdulais, Neath, Glamorganshire.

BERNERS COLLEGE of CHEMISTRY.

Instruction and preparation in CHEMISTRY and the EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES under the direction of Professor E. V. GARDNER, F.A.S., M.S.A.

The Class Rooms are open from 1 to 5 a.m. and from 7 to 10 p.m daily.

Especial facilities for persons preparin for Government and other examinations.

Private Pupils will find every convenience.

Analyses, Assays, and Practica Investigations connected with Patents, &c., conducted.

Prospectuses and full particulars on application to Prof Gardne at Berners College, 44, Berners-street, W.

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