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NEWS

Optical Rotatory Power of Liquids and Dissolved Substances.-O. Hesse.-Translated from the Annalen der Chemie.

Action of High Temperatures upon Petroleum, Coal-tar, and Analogous Substances.-Alexandre Letny. The author finds that the more elevated the temperature of the furnace which heats the still, the more the distillate is resinous and difficult to purify. This resinification becomes still more sensible when the flues are higher than the level of the petroleum in the still, in which case the vapours are decomposed by their contact with the heated sides. In the distillation of coal-tar and ozokerite, where it is necessary to avoid decomposition, the still-head and the pipe for the escape of vapours are placed as near as posible to the liquid; otherwise the paraffin would be decomposed. At augmented pressures and at a red heat petroleum is resolved into gaseous compounds.

On Ultramarine.-Dr. R. Hoffmann.-Taken from Liebig's Annalen.

phurous acid of Schützenberger and Lalande has been proposed for bleaching animal fibres in place of sulphurous acid. The white obtained is, however, not pure:

The insoluble ferricyanides are capable of oxidising indigo without the aid of an alkali.

Prof. Kopp communicates spectroscopic observations on eleven derivatives of resorcin, which he has just examined. The plates which accompany his memoir, and which represent the spectra of these different compounds, indicate the rays which he considers characteristic of methyl, bromine, iodine, &c., and which are the basis of his analytical method. M. Kopp, having as yet no data on the composition of these products, desires to obtain from tion of his analyses before the publication of his memoir.

the manufacturers who have furnished them the verifica

Azoic Bodies.-A. Kopp.-We have here an account of Colouring Matters Belonging to the Group of Magdala red, of azo-diphenyl blue, safranin, the chrythe preparation and properties of Bismarck-brown, of soidins, tropæolins, oranges, &c.

Poisoning by Mushrooms.-J. A. Palmer. Mushrooms may act as a poison in three different-Sodic and potassic sulphides, or sulphates in presence manners. They may act as an indigestible matter, which is the case with hard, coriaceous species, and may even occur with the edible mushroom when decomposing, as it gives off sulphuretted hydrogen in quantity sufficient to cause vomiting. Or, again, they may be glutinous or acrid. Many Boleti, otherwise innocent, are too gluey to serve as food. Lastly, mushrooms may contain a subtle alkaloid devoid of smell and taste, as happens in the group of the Amanitæ. This compound is known by the name of Amanitin, and to it the fatal cases of mushroom-poisoning are mostly due. No remedy has yet been found. No immdiate effects are produced by this poison, but after eight to fifteen hours the patient experiences stupefaction, nausea, and diarrhoea, followed by delirium and death. Mushrooms containing this poison seem able to communicate it to wholesome species by contact, and it may also be absorbed through the skin. The author was on one occasion seized with alarming symptoms after carrying in this hand some Amanita wrapped in paper.

Resists in Calico-printing.-A. Schultz.-A purely technical paper, incapable of useful abstraction.

Aniline-black upon Wool and other Textiles.-M. Delory. The author first mordants in 100 grms. each of potassic bichromate and oil of vitriol dissolved in 10 litres of water. The dye-bath he prepares by dissolving 30 grms. aniline hydrochlorate in 9 litres of water at 28°. In another vessel he dissolves 55 grms. potassic bichromate in 1 litre of boiling water, and adds to the hot solution 48 grms. sulphuric acid at 66° B. The solutions are then mixed together. In this liquid the tissues are worked for an hour without heat; the temperature is then raised quickly to 95° to 100°, and kept at that heat for 25 to 30 minutes. At the moment of applying the heat 10 to 12 grms. sulphate of copper are added, previously dissolved. The material is then taken out, washed very well, and taken through an alkaline bath of soap and soda, to which have been added o'2 to 0'5 grm. aniline-violet per litre of

water.

Historic Notes on the Discovery of Dyeing with Aniline-black.-In these notes M. Girardin, whilst admitting Mr. John Lightfoot's claim as the original discoverer of aniline-black, maintains that a M. Carl Stalars, of Lille, was the first who successfully used the new colour in dyeing under the name of "French black."

Poisonous Character of Salts of Copper and the Use of Copper Sulphate in Panification.-A collection of opinions on the innocence of the salts of copper.

February, 1879.

Glasses Melted with Alkali Alone.-Dr. P. Ebell. of reducing agents, on dissolving in glass at the meltingpoint impart to it a peculiar tint, varying from yellow to brown, and even to a deep red-brown if in sufficient quantity. In certain conditions the same colouration is produced by the introduction of free sulphur into glass, melted and kept at a high temperature. This colouration takes place only in glasses where there is sufficient available alkali to give rise to sulphides. To produce the colour there must be at least I equivalent of base to 2.5 of silica. The base may be lime or baryta, as well as potash or soda. Silicates in igneous flux are solvents for very various bodies, simple or compound. They dissolve free metals, such as gold, copper, silver, and lead; oxides, like chrome, alumina, stannic oxide, magnetic oxide of iron; also salts, such as sulphates, phosphates, aluminofluorides. These bodies are separated out on cooling either in a crystalline or an amorphous state, according to circumstances, and communicate different properties to the glass. The affinity of silica for bases measured by the carbonic acid displaced during fusion is not a constant magnitude, but depends on an action of mass. The quantity of carbonic acid expelled by a given weight of silica is so much the smaller the less alkaline carbonate there is in reaction.

Aniline and the Methylated Toluydins and the Colouring Matters thence Derived.-P. Monnet, F. Reverdin, and E. Noelting.—Already noticed.

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THURSDAY, 3:d.-Royal, 8.30.

"

Royal Institution, 3. Sound," Prof. Tyndall.
Royal Society Club, 6.30.
Chemical, 8. "On Terpin and Terpinol," Dr.
Tilden. "On the Transformation of Aurin into
Trimethyl-para-rosanilin," R. S. Dale and C.
Schorlemmer. "On a Gold Nugget from South
America," A. H. Wood. "On the Solution of
Aluminium Hydrate by Ammonia and a Physical
Isomeride of Alumina," G. C. F. Cross.
FRIDAY, 4th.-Royal Institution, 9. "Molecular Physics," by Mr.
Geologists' Association, 8.

Crookes.

Industrial Society of Mulhouse.-The hydrosul- SATURDAY, 5th.-Royal Instiution, 3.

Haden.

"Etching," by Mr. Seymour

138

Advertisements.

CHEMICAL NEWS,
March 28, 1879.

INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN Claphan, Robert Calvert, F.C.S., Eeas on, near Newcust e-on Tyne.

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John Attfield, Ph.D., F.C.S.
James Bell, F.C.S.

Dugald Campbell, F.C.S.
Michael Carteighe, F.C.S.
W. Crookes, F.R.S., V.P.C.S.
G. E. Davis, F.C.S.

Warren Iela Rue, D,C.L., F.R.S.
William Dittmar, F. R.S.E., F.C.S.
A. Dupre, Ph D., F.R.S., F.C.S.
R. J. Friswell, F.C.S.
J.H.G'adstone, Ph D., F R.S.
George Gore, LL.D., F.R.8.
W. N. Hartley, F.R.S. E., F.C.S.
Douglas Herman, F.C.S.

David Howard, F C.S.
C. T. Kingzett, F.C.S.

A. F. Marreco, F.C.S.

F. A. Manning, F.C.S.
E. J. Mills, D.Sc., F.R.S.
E. Neison, F.C.S., F.R.A.S.
John Pattinson, F.C.S.
T. Redwood, Ph.D., F.C.S.

J. Emerson Reyno'ds, M.D.,
M.R.I.A., F.C.S.

Thomas Stevenson, M.D., F.C.S.
R. R. Tatlock, F.R.S.E., F.C.S.
R. V. Tuson, F.C.S.
J. T. Way, F.C.S.

Secretary-C. E. Groves, F.C.S.
Offices-Somerset-house-terrace, 8. W.

This Institute has been established to ensure that Consulting and Analytical Chemists are duly qualified for the proper discharge of the duties they undertake by a thorough study of Chemistry ad allied branches of Sci nce in their application to the Aris, Public Health, Agricu ture, and Technical Indu try.

NAMES of FELLOWS.

Abel, F.A, C. B., F.R.S., F.C.S., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, 8.E.
Abney, Capt. W. W. F.R.S, F.C.S., 3. St. Alban's-road, Kensington, W.
Ackroyd, William, Kelso High School, Roxburghshire

Acworto, Joseph J., F.C.S., Oakvil e-house, Gravesend

Aitkin, Andrew P., D Sc., Edinburgh University

Alldred, C.H., F.C.S., 37, Mincing-lane, E.C.

Allen, Alfred H., F.C.S., 2, Collegiate-crescent, Sheffield
Alison, Henry T., Thornaby Iron Works, Stockton-on-Tees
Angel, Arthur, Ph.D., 4, Portland-terrace, Southampton
Angell, John, F.C.S., Grammar School, Manchester
Appleyard, Gilbert, C. W., Prestolee, near Manchester

A mstrong, H. E., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., London Institution, E.C.
Atkinson, Edmund, Ph.D., F.C.S., Portesbury-hill, Camberley
Atkinson, Robert William, D.Sc., F.C.S., University of Tokio, Japan
Attfield, Professor John, Ph.D., F.C.S., 17. Bloomsbury-square, W.C.
Bannister, Richard, F.C.S., Labora ory, Somerset-house, W.C.
Barff, Fredrick S., F.C.S., 100, Abbey-road, Kilburn, N.W.
Barrett, Edward Louis, B.Sc., F.C.S., 53, Springfield-road, N.W.
Bassett, Henry, F.C.S., 41, St. Paul's-road. N.W.

Baynes, James, jun., F.C S., Kingston-upon Hull

Bean, Charles Edward, F.C.S., Brooklyn-house, Shepherd's-bush, W.
Beilby, George, Midcalder, Solanl

Bell, J. Carter, F.C.S., Assoc. R.S M., Kersal Clough, Higher
Broughton, Manchester

Bell, Janes, F.C.S., Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.

Bell, William Gomm, Assoc. R.S.M., 52, Duchess-road, Birmingham
Bickerdike, William Edward, F.C.S., Surbiton-place Blackburn
Bickerton, Professor A.W., Christchurch, New Zea and

Bischof, Pofessor Gustav. F.C.S., 4, Hart-street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
Bourch er, Charles Edward, Messrs Birdley and Co., The Brewery,
Burton-on-Trent

Bowdler, Arthur Clegg, 20, Wellington-str. et, Blackburn
Bowrey, James John, F.C.S, Kingston, Jamacia

Brazier, Professor James Smith, F.C.S., University, Aberdeen
Brock, John, British Alkali Wo ks, Widness, Lanca ter

Brodie, Sir Benjamin C., F.R.S., F.C.S., Brockham Warren, Surrey
Brown, Professor A. Crum, M.D., D.Sc., F.C.S., 8, Belgrave-crescent,
Edinburgh

Brown, Adrian John F.C.S., Burton-on-Trent

Brown, Edwin Ormond, F.C.S., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.
Brown, James Campbell, D.Sc., F.C.S., Liverpool
Brown, Horace T., F.C.S., Burton-on-Trent

Bruce, A.C., M A., F.C.S., King Edward School, Birmingham
Buchanan, John Young, F.R.S.S., 10, Moray-place, Edinburgh
Bullock, J. Lloyd, F.C.S., 3, Hanover-street, W.
Burge, Charles H., Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.
Burghardt, Charles Anthony, Ph. D., Owen's College, Manchester
Butterfield, John Cope, F.C.S., 106, Queen Victoria-street, E.C.
Calderwood, John, Addie well, West Calder, N.B.

Cameron, Charles A., M.D., F.R.S.C.I., 15, Pembroke-road, Dublin.
Cameron, James, Laborator, Somerset-house, W.C.
Cameron, John Macdonald, F.C.S., 7, Oxford-Villas, Glenthorn-road,
Hammersmith

Cammack, John, 50, Pecker's-hill, Sutton, near St. Helen's
Campbell, Dugald, F.C.S., 7, Quality-court, Chancery-lane, E.C.
Carey, Eustace, Wiones, Lancashire

Carteighe, Michael, F.C.S., 180, New Bond-street, W.

Caswell, Charles Benjan in, F.C.S., 13, George-ro.d, Birmingham
C rch, Professor, F.C.S., Agricultural College, Cirencester

Clark, John, Ph.D., F.C.S., 138, Bath-street, Glasgow
Claud t, F.. F.C S., 6 and 7, Coleman-street, E.C.
Cleaver, Edward Lawre_ce, F.C.S., 289a, King's-road, S.W.
Clemenshaw, Edward, F.C.S., Greenbill, Sherborne

Cloud, Thomas Charles, Assoc. R.S.M., Walla oo, South Australia
Clowes, Frank, D.Sc., F.C.S.. Newcastle-under-Lyme

Col man, Joseph James, F.C 8., 45, West Nile-Street, Glasgow
Cooke, Samuel, M.A., Civil Fngineering Coll-ge, Poona, India
Coomber, Thomas, F.C.S, 80, Kingsdown-parade, Bristol
Corfield, Profossor. M.A., M.B., F.C S., 10, Bolton-row, Mayfair, W.
Cownley, Alfred John, F.C.S., 106, Fenchurch-street, E.C.
Cranston, George, Messrs. Storer and Sons, Sydney-street, Glasgow
Crookes, William, F.R.S., F.C.S.. 20, Mornington-road, N.W.
Crowder, William, 2a, Evering-villas, Evering-road, Upper Clapton, E.
Dalziel, John Graham, United College, St. Andrew's, N.B.

Darby, Stephen, F.C.S., 140, Leadenball-street

Darling, William Howarth, F.C.S., 126, Oxford-street, Manchester
Davies, Edward, F.C.S., Royal Institution, Liverpool

Davies, R. Higgins, F.C.S., 6, Bradmore-park-terrace, Goldhawk-
road, W.

Davis, G. E., F.C.S., Dagmar-villa, Heaton Chapel, near Stockport
Davis, Henry Wilson, Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.
Day, James J. hn, 18, London-street, Derby

Deacon, Henry Wade, Appleton-house, Widnes

De Chaumont, Francis S.B.F., Army Medical School, Netley
De la Rue, Warren, D.C.L., F.R.S., 73, Portland-place. W.
Dent, William Y., F.C.S., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.

Dewar, Professor James, F.R.8., Cambridge

Dittmar, Professor W., Anderson's College, Glasgow

Divers, Professor E., M.D., F.C.S., Yokohama, Japan

Dixon, William A., F.C.S., Chemical Laboratory, School of Arts,
Sydı ey

Dodd, Thomas Henry, F.C.S., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.
Donkin, W. F., University Museum, Oxford

Dougal, Samuel S., Glenpark-villa, Busby

Downar, George Frederick, Workington

Dreyfus, Charles, 7, Chapel-walks, Manchester

Duncan, James, F.C.S., 71, Cromwe l-road, S.W.

Dupre, Auguste, Ph.D., F.R.S., Westminster Hospital, S. W.

Early, William, Trinity College, Dublin

Eltoft, Thomas, F.C.S., 55, Tor.iano-avenue, N.W.

Estcourt, Charles, F.C.S., St. James's-square, Manchester

Evershed, Frank, 8, Dalrymple-terrace, Glenarm-road, Clapton, E.

Fairley, Thomas, F.R.S. E., F.C.S., 16, East-parade, Leeds

Farries, Thomas, F.C.S., 16, Coleman-street, E.C.

Fenton, Henry J. H., Christ's College, Cambridge

Ferguson, John, M.A., F.C.S., University, Glasgow

Field, Frederick, F.R.S., F.C.S., Hither-green-lodge, Lewisham, S.E.
Fletcher, Alfred, 5, Edge-lane, Liverpool

Foord, George, F.C.S., Royal Mint, Melbourne

Foster, Wiliam, B.A., F.C.S., Middlesex Hospital, W.
Francis, Ernest E. H., F.C.S., Port of Spain, Trinidad

Frankland, Professor E., D.C.L., F.R.S., Royal College of Chemistry,
South Kensington Museum, S. W.

Friswell, R. J., F.C S., 10, Clapton-square, E.

Fuller, W. J., F.C.S., Corve-lodge, Greenway-road, Redland, Bristol
Gale, Samuel, F.C.S., 338, Oxford Street

Galloway, Professor Robert, F.C.S., M.R.I.A., Royal College of
Science, St. Stephen's-green, Dublin.

Gardner, John, F.C.S., 11, St. Paul's-crescent, Camden-square, N.
Garrick, Andrew R., Ph.D., St. Helens, Lanca hire

Gatehouse, James Wright, 36, Broad-street, Bath

Gilbert, John Henry, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., Harpenden, St. Alban's
Gilchrist, Pery C., F.C.S., Assoc. K.S,M., Blaenavon, Monmouthshire
Gladstone, J. H., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., 17, Pembridge-square, Hyde-
park, W.

Glover, G. T., F.C.S., 30, Donegall-place, Belfast

Gordon, Joseph Gordon, F.C.S., 20, King-street, S.W.

Gore, George, LL.D., F.R.S., Islington-row, Edgbaston, Birmingham
Graham, A. McDonald, F.C.S., 5. Fastfield, the Links, Leith
Graham, Charles, D.Sc., F.C.S., University College, W.

Greenaway, A. J., F.C.S., 11, Pemberton-gardens, Upp r Holloway, N.
Greenway, Thomas, The Sheffield Smelting Company, Sheffield
Gregory, Henry Richard, 7, Quality-court, Chancery-lane, E.C.
Greville, Henry Leicester, F.C.S., Bentinck-house, Stroud-green-road
Griess, Peter, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., Burton-on-Trent

Grosjean, B. J., F.C.S., Messrs. Lawes' Chemical Works, Millwall, E.
Groves, Charles Edward, F.C.S., Somerset-house-terrace, W.C.
Gurney, H. S. Lewis, Wilderspool, Warrington.

Hake, Henry Wilson, Ph.D., F.C.S., Carlton-chambers, 12, Regent-
street, 8. W.

Holse, William Edward, F.C.3., 21, Mincing-lane, E.C.
Hanbury, Cornelius, F.C.S., Plough-court, E.C.

Harkness, Wiliam, F.C.S., Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.
Hartley, W. Noel, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., King's College, W.Ć.

Hastings, H. Mitchell, F.C.S., 16, Vicarage-gardens, Kensington. W.
Heaton, Charles William, F.C.S., Charing-cross Hospital, W.C.
Heddle, Professor Matthew Forster, M.D., F.R.S.E.. St. Andrews,
Scotland

Hehner, Otto, F.C.S., 54, Holborn Viaduct, E.C.

Helm, Henry James, F.C.S., Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.
Henry, William Charles, M.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., Haffeld, near Ledbury
Herman, Douglas, F.C.S., Cropper's-hill, St. Helen's, Lancashire
Hewitt, David B., Beech-house, Prestwich, Radcliffe, near Manchester
Hibbert, Walter, F.C.S., 2a, Chapel-street, Edgware-road, W.
Higgin, James, F.C.S., Woodhey, Kersal, Manchester

Hill, Alfred, M.D., F.C.S., Birmingham

NEWS

Hills, Thomas Hyde, F.C.S., 339, Oxford-street, W. Hodges, Frederick, Queen's College, Belfast

Hodges, John Freder ck, M.D., F.C.S., Queen's College, Belfast
Hodgkinson, W.R., Ph. D., 106, Bramley-road, No ting-bill, W.
Hoffman, G.C., 76, St. Gabriel-street, Monteal, Canada
Holmes, John, Laboratory, Somerset-house, W.C.

Hopwood, George Marley, F.C.S., Mining De: artment, Melbourne Howard, Davis, F.C.S., Rectory House, Walthamstow, E., and Stratford, E.

Howard, Thomas, F.C.S., 52, Swinton street, Gray's-inc-road
Howard, William Dilworth, Stratford, E.

Hughes, John, 79, Mark-lane, E.C.

Page, David, M.D., F.C.S., Netherfield, Kenda'e, Westmoreland
Page, F. J. Montague, F.C.S., Assoc. R.S.M., Universi.y College, W.C
Parker, John Spear. 13, New Porte -street, Steffield
Parkinson, Robert, Pa.D., Bradford

Patterson, Thomas Law, F.C.S.. Belmont, Margaret-street, Greenock
Pattison, John, F.C.S., 75, The Side, Newcastle-on-Tyne

Pearce, Walter, Maidenhead

Pedler, Professor Alexander, F.C.S., Presidency College, Calcutta
Perkin, William Henry, F.R.S, F.C.S., The Chestnuts, Sudbury
Phillips, John Arthur, C.E, F.C.S., 13., Fopstone-road, Censington, W
Flowman, Sydney, Resid nees, St. Thomas's Hospital, S.E.
Pochin, Henry Davis, F.C.S., Barn Elms, Barnes, S. W.

Huntingdon, Alfred Kirby, A soc. R.S.M., Abbeville-house, Green-hill, Prevost, Edward, Ph.D., F.C.S., Oxford
Hampstead, N.

Hurter, Ferdinand, Ph.D., Widnes.

Huskisson, Peary Owen, F.C.S., 42, Highbury-park, N.

Huson, Charles William, B.Sc, (Lond.), 5, York-buildings, Dale-street, Liverpool

Hutchings, William Maynard, Rock Le, Mount Pleasant-road, Lisc rd, Birkenhead

Huxley, J. H., Assoc. R.S.M., Crescent road, Sharow, Sheffield

Jack on, Edgar Assoc. R.S M., 106, Queen Victor a-street, E.C.

Japp, Francis Robert, M.A., Ph.D., F.C.S., 18, Brompton-crescent, South Kensington, W.

Jarmain, George, F.C.S., 84, Northga'e, Huddersfield

Johnsen, George, Stillingfleet, F.C.S., 11, Saville-row, W.
Johnson, Thomas H., F.C.S., 96, Duke-street, Liverpool
Johnstone, W., Lowther-hill, Forest-hill, S.E.

Jo e. E. W. T., F.C.S., Wolverhampton

Jones, Francis, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Gramm r School, Manchester
Kea:es, Thomas William, 10, Spring-gardens, W.

Keene, James Boddely, 38, Hartham-road, Camden-road, N.
Keightley, Alfred Dudley, F.C.S., Old-hall, Milnthorpe

Kellner, William, Ph.D., F.C.S., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.
Kendi, James Alfred, F.C.S., Silvertown, E.

Kinch, Edward, F.C.S., Tok o, Japan

King, John Falconer, F.C.S., Edinburgh

Kingzett, Charles T., F.C.S., 12, Auriol-road, The Cedars Es'ate, West
Kensington, W.

Kitchen, Archibald, F.C S. 27, King-street, Whitehaven
Kynaston, Josiah W., F C.S., St. Helen's

Lawes, John Bennet, F.R.S., F C.S., Rothamstead, St. Albans
L.wson, George, LL.D., Dalhousie College, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada

Leebody, Professor John Robinson, MA., Magee College, Londonderry
Letts, Edmund Albert, University College Bristol
Lewin, George, Laboratory, Somerset house, W.C.

Liveing, Professor George Downing, M. A., F.C.S., Cambridge
Liversedge, A., Assoc. R.S.M., University, Sydney

Lott, Frank Edward, Assoc. R.S.M., Shapen bill, Burton-on-Trent
Loram, Herbert Y, F.C 8., 24, Ockenden-road, Southgate-road, N.
Lovett, William Jesse, 295, Blackburn-10ad. Accrington
Lowe, Alfred John Gorge, 167, Fenchurch-street, E C.

Lowe, William Foulkes, F.C.S., Assoc. R.8. M., Hough-green, Chester
Lup on, Sidney, F.C.S., The Harehills, Leeds

Lyte, Farnhami Maxwell, F C.S., Cotford, Oakhill-road, Putney, S.W.
Lyon, John George, Pon efra.t

Macadam, Steve ham, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Edinburgh
Macdouga'd, G. D., 41, Reform-street, Dundee

Mac ear, Jemes, F.C.S., St. Rollox, Gla-gow

Mak ne, George Hogarth, F.CS., Walton-on-Thames

Manning. F. A, F.C.S., 18, Billit r-s ree, E.C.

Marcet, Will am, M.D., FR.S., FC.S., Athenæum (inb, London, W. Marreco, Professor A. F., F.C.S., ollege of Physical Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne

Mask lyne, Nevil Story, F.R.S, F.C.S., 112, Gloucester-te race, W.
Matthey, George, F.C.S., 78, Hatton-garden, E.C.

MeLod, Professor Herbe t, F.C.S., Cooper's-hill, Staines
Meldola, Raphael, F.C.., 21, John-street, Bedford-row, W.C.
Miller, F. Bowyer, F.C.S. Royal Mint, Melbourne

Mills,rofessor Edmund J., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.C.S., Anderson's College,
Glasgow

Mond, Ludwig, F.C.S., Winnington-hall, Northwich

Mo fit, Campbell, P.D., F.C.-., 16, Harley-road, South Hampstead, N.W.

Morgan, Thomas M., Victoria College, Jersey

Moss, John, F.C.S, 00 High Holborn, W.C.

Morrison, Robert Milner, D Se, 13, Douglas-crescent, I dinburgh
Muck ow, John Dav es. F.C.S., 31, Pen -road. N.

Muller, Hugo, Pa.D, F.R.S., F.C.S., 110, Bunbi-row, E.C.
Muspratt, Edmuud K., F.C.S., Seaf rth-hall, near Liverpool
Napier, James, F.C.S., Cipping-cottage, Brainford, n ar ipswich
Nelson, Famuld, F.C.S., Scientific Club, Savile-row, W.

Newlands, John A. R., F.C.S.. 18, Josephine-avenue, Brixton-rise, S. W.
Newlanas, Benjamin E. R., F.C.S., Clyde-wharf, Victoria Dock, E.
Newth, G.S., New College, Hampstead

Nicholson, E. Chambers, F.R.., F.C.S., Carlton-house, herne-hill
Nicholson, Edward, A.M.D., F.C.S., St. Thomas Mouat, Madras
Nickels, Benjamin, F.C.S., Sudbury, Harrow

Ouling, Professor W., M.B., F.R.S., F.C.S., 15, Norham-gardens,
Oxford

Odling, Walter, F.C.S., Burton-on-Trent

Ogilvie, Thomas Robertson, F.C.S., B.nk-top, Lyle-street, Greenock
Ugston, George Henry, F.C.S., 9, Delahay-street, Westminster, S. W.
Olerenshaw, Samuel, Sutton Alkali Works, St. Helen's
O'Neill, Charles, F.C.S., 72, Denmark-road, Manchester
O'Sullivan, Cornelius, F.C.S., 140, High-street, Burton-on-Trent
Packer, George Smithers, F.C.S., Cambuslang, by Glasgow

Price, Astley Paston, Ph.D., FCS, 47, Lincoln's-inn-fields, W.C.
Price, David Simps n, rh.D., F.C.S., 26, Gr. at George street, W.
Proctor, William Wi'son, 33 and 85, Side, Newcastle-on-Tyne
Purdie, Thon as, jun., F.C., Assoc. 31, Westbourne-park-cresent, W
Ramsey, William, PD.D., F.C S., 11, Ash on-terrace, Glasgow
Reddr p, Joseph, F.C.S., Lone on and North-Western Railway Crewe
R dwood, Professor T. Ph D., F.C.S, 17, Bloomsbury-square, W.C.
Redwood, T. Boverton, F.C.S., Fairlawn North Finchley, Middlesex
Reid, Walter Cecil, 124, Park-road, Newcastle-on-Tyne
Reynolds, Professor J. Em ron, M.D., F.C.S., Trinity College, Dublin
Renolds, Willi m J., M.A, F.C S., Royal Military Asylum, Ch Isea
Rich, Sydney William, 23, Lyǝd- Square, W.C.
Richards, Edward, Assoc. R.S M., Barrow-in-Furness

R ley, Edward, F.C.S. 148, Finsbury-square, E.C.
Rimmington, G orge, 9, Bridge-street, Bradford

Roberts, Thomas, 4, A fred road, Hand worth, near Birmingham
Robinson, John, F.C.S., Downside, St ke Bishop, Bristol

Robinson, George Carr, F. R.S.E, Laboratory, University, Edinburgh
Robson, Thomas S., 57, The Side, Newcastle-on-Tyne

Rochod, Heinrich, Mied esboro-on-Tees

Rodwell, Ge rge Farrar, F.C.S., Mariborough College

Ronald, Edmund, Pa. D., F.R S.E, Bonning.on-house, Elinburgh Roscoe, Pro essor Heary E, Ph D, F.R.S., F.C.S., Owea's College, Manches.er

Rosenthal Gustav., Ph.D., Wandsworth-bridg-wharf, Fulham, S. W.
Ru-sell, William James,, Ph.D., F.x.S., F.C.S., St. Bartholomew's
Hospit, E..

Ryan, Dennis, The Sch of of Medicine, Liverpool
Salter, Mor yn John, F.C.S., Forest-road, Dalston, N.
Savery, T. J., 4, Thies-terrace, Hammersmith

Schunck, Edward, Ph.D., F.R S., F.C S., Kersail, near Manchester
Sell, William James, B. A., 12, Downing-terrace, Cambridge

Se ier, Alfred, M.D., F.C.S., 12, Brownswood-villas, Finsbury-park,N.
shenstone, William Ashwell, F.C.S., Exe er School, Exeter
Shepher, Harcourt B.B., F.C.S., The Leighs, Charlton-laae, S.E.
Sheppard, Thomas Wil iams, M.D, Pa ha, Bengal
Siebold, Louis, F.C S., Oxford-street, Manchester
Siemens, C. Wiliam, D. L., F R.S., F.C.S., 12, Queen Anne's-gate,
Westminster, W., and 3 Palace houses, Keus.ngton-gardens, W.
Saree, Alfred Hute! inson, .C.S., 7, Finsbury-circus, E.C.
Sith, Ar har teres, F.C.S., Temple Observatory, Rugby
Smith, J. Denham, F..., Fairlawn, Coombe-wood, Kingston-on-

Thames

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Smith, Watson, F.C.S., Wilmslow, near Manchester

Snelus, George James, F.C.S., Assoc. R.S.M., Workington

Sonstadt, E., F.C.S., 2, Osborne-villas, Duncombe-road, Hornseyrise, N.

Spiller John, F.C.S., 2, St. Mary's-roa, Cenubury, N.
Spill r. Willam, F. S., Atlas Works, Hackney-wick, N. E.
Stead, Joh Edward, Middlesbrough

Stenhouse, J., IL.D, F.R.S., F.C.S., 17, Rodney-street, Pentonville, N.

Steuart, Daniel Rankin, Broxburn, Scotland

Stevenson, James Cochran, M.P., F.C.S., Westoc, South Shields
Stevenson, Thomas, M.D., F.C S., Guy's H spital, S.E.

Stewart, A Young, F.C.S, Apothecaries' Hail, Bia k riars, E.C.
Sock, Willian Frederick Keating, F.C.S., Darlington
Stoddart, William Walter, F.C.S., 1, Park-sureet, Br.stol
Stoker, George Naylor, Laborato y, Somerset-Lou-e, W.C.
Sutton, Francis, F.C.S., Norwich

Swan, Joseph Wilson, F.C.S., Newcastle-on-Ty.e

Szczepanowski, S.anisias A. Prus., F.C.S., 6, Stafford-place, Buckingham-gate, s. W.

Tate, Alexander Nora an, 7 and 9, Hackins Hey, Liverpool
Tate, Walter, Bridgewater Sme ting Company, St. Helens

Ta lock, Robert R., F.C.S., 148. Bath street, Glasgow

Taylor, James, F.C.S., Farmers' Club, Inns of Court Hotel, Holborn

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Tichborne, Charles, R.C., M.R.I.A., F.C.S., 40, Mary-street, Dublin Tidy, Charles Meymott, M.B., F.C.S., 3, Mandeville-place, Manchester-square, W.

Tilden, Willlam Augustus, D.Sc., F.C.S., Clifton College, Bristol
Tockey, Charles, F.C.S., The Museum, Jermyn-stiect, W.
Tomlinson, Charles, F.R.S., F.C.S., 3. Kidgmount-terrace, Highgate
Tr be, Alfred, F.C.S., Dulwich College

Tucker, Alexander E., Lawn-terrace, Rhymney, South Wales

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Tuson, Professor Richard V., F.C.S., Royal Veterinary College, N.
Tyrer, Thomas, F.C.S., Garden Wharf, Battersea, S. W.;
Umney, Charles. F.C.S., 50, Southwark-street, E.C.
Vacher, Arthur, F.C.S., '12, Fitzroy-street, W.

Versmann, Frederick, Ph.D., 15, Trinity-square, Great Tower-street,

E.C.

Viccajee, K. R., 10, Churney-road, Bombay

Vincent, Chailes, W., F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Royal Institution, Albemarlestreet, W., and 23, Harvest-road, Holloway, N.

Voelcker, A. Ph.D., F R.S., 39, Argyle-road, Kensington, W.
Walenn, William Henry, F.C.S., 74, Brecknock-road, N.

Walker, John Francis, M.A., F.C.S, Sidney Suss x College, Cambridge, and 16. Gillygate. York

Wallace, Willian, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., 133, Path-street, Glasgow.
Ward, G., F.C.S., Buckingham-terrace, Headingly, Leeds
Warington, Robert, F.C.S., Harpenden, Herts

Watts, Alexander, F.C.S., 24, Thackery-street, Liverpool

Watson, David, D.Sc., F.C.S., Assoc. R.S.M., Broughton Copper,
Works, Manchester

Watts, John, D.Sc., F.C.S, University Laboratory, Oxford
Way, John Thomas, F.C.S., 9, Russell-1oad, Kensington, W.
Weldon, Walter, F.C.S., Rede-ball, Burstow, Surrey
Whewell, George, F.C.S., Exchange-chambers, Blackburn
Whiffen, William George, Lombard-road, Battersea
Williams, John, F.C.S., 16, Cross-street, Hatton-garden, E.C.
Williams, M. Witley, F.C.S.. 18, Kempsford-gardens, Brompton. 8.W.
Williams, William John, F.C.S., Messrs. Burt, Bolton, and Heywood,
Silvertown, E.

Wills, Thomas. F.C.S., Royal Naval College, Greenwich, S.E.
Wilson, George Ferguson, F.R.S., F.C.S., Heather-bank, Weybridge
Wilson, James Henry, Oak Hall, East Ham, Essex
Wilson, William, F.C.S., Jubilee street, Mile end, E.
Winser, Percy James, F.C.S., Marsden-street, Manchester
Witton, James Cecil, B.Sc., 29, Queen-street, Lancaster
Wood, Charles Henry, F.C.S., Medical College, Calcutta
Woodcock, Reginald C., F.C.S., 23, Abingdon Street, Westminster.
Wright, C. R. Alder, D.Sc., F.C.S., St. Mary's Hospital, W.
NAMES of ASSOCIATES.

Adair, A., Vale-view, Whitehaven.

Bascombe, Frederick, 180, New Bond-street, W.

Bayne, James, F.C.S., Roya! Veterinary College, N.

Beckett, George Henry, F,C,8., 42, Malvern-road, Dalston, N.

Bendix, David, F,C,S., Prince Regent's-wharf, Victoria Docks, 8.F. Billing, Henry Samuel, Messrs, Burnard, Lack, and Alger, Plymouth Chemical Works, Plymouth.

Carpenter, Henry Sanders, F,C.S., The Firs, Alton, Hants

Clark, William Inglis, B.Sc., Messrs, Luncan, Flockhart, and Co.. Edinburgh,

Copley, James, Gregory-street, Nottingham

Cowper, Richard, F.C.S., Assoc. R.S.M., 3, The Residences, South Kensington Museum, W.

Davey G. W. 8 Hawthorne-terrace, Barking, Essex

Davidson, James, jun., Summerville, near Dumfries

Dyer, Bernard, F.C.S., 17, Great Tower Street, E.C.

Firby, Alfred, 2, Fallowfield-terrace, Leeds

Gahan, William Patrick, 56, Walton-street, S.W.

Gaskell, Francis, Newnham-lodge, Spring grove, Isleworth
Gill, Edward J.G., 59, King Henry's-1oad, N.W.

Gibson, John, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., 19, Greenhill-gardens, Edinburgh
Greenish, Henry George, 20, New-street, Dorset-square, N. W.
Haddock, Arthur, Royal Institution, Liverpool
Hannay, James Ballantyne, F.C.S., Owens College, Manchester
Hellon, Robert, Assoc. R.S.M., Whiteoav n
Hollis, Percy Best, Mersey Chemical Works, Widnes
Hooker, Ayerst, Henham, Court lodge, Lessness-heath, S. E.
Hughes, Hugh, 81, Troughton-street, Edgebill, Liverpo
Hutchinson, Thomas James, 91, Wood-street, Elton, near Bury
Jago, William, F.C.S., School of Science and Art, Brighton
Jobson, Thomas, Jun., Stockbridge Works, near Sheffiel
Jude, K. H., D.Sc., 37, Kempsford-gardens, South Kensington
Lapraik, William, F.C.S., 211, Southgate-road, N.
Legg, J. E., 5, Winsor-terrace, City-road, N.

Luff, Arthur Pearson, 13, Lisson-street, Marylebone-road, N.W.
Macadam, W. Ivison, F.C.S., Surgeons'-hall, Edinburgh
MacIvor, R. W. Emerson, 29, Queen-street, Melbourne
MacGowan, George A., 22, East Claremont-street. Edinburgh
Marsden, Kobert Sydney, Tapton-grove, Sheffield

Matthews, Charles George, F.C.S., St. John's-lodge, Beckennam
Miller, John, 19, London-street, Glasgow

Naigamvala, K. D., Elphinstone College Laboratory, Bombay
Neison, Cuthbert Gordon, Royal Veterinary College, N.W.
Paterson, George, 93, (anning street, Liverpool
Patterson, George, 3, Aruncel-square, N.

Pearson, Alfred Naylor, 7, Warwick-square, Kensington, W.
Powell, Legh Sylvester, F.C. S., 56, St. James's-square. W.
Sear, Frederick. 17, Rooney-street. Pentonville, N,

Senier, Harold, F.C.S., 223, Milkwood-road, Herne-hill, S.E.
Smetham, Alfred, F.C.S., 18. Brunswick-street, Liverpool
Smith, Henry Russell, 1, Aubert-park, Highbury-park, N.
Starling, John H., F.C.S., The Avenue, Erith

Thorne, Leonard Temple, Universtats, Wurzburg Laboratorium
Toms, Frederick Woodland, F. C.S., 7, Bu-by-place, Camden-road,
N.W.

Walker, Henry Herbert, 344, Glossop-road, Sheffield

Williams, P. Caradoc, 6, Parliament-place, Liverpool

Fellows and Associates are requested to give notice of Change of Address to the Secretary.

March 28, 1879.

The Prestolee Alkali Works, Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire, fitted with costly Plant, Machinery, and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Soda-ash, Bleaching-powder and Liquor, and Sulphuric Acid, in complete working order, with possession.-Preliminary.

MESSRS. FULLER, HORSEY, SONS,

and CO. are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Palatine Hotel, Manchester, on Thursday, April 17, at 3 o'clock precisely, in one lot, unless an acceptable offer be previously made by private contract, the PRESTOLEE ALKALI WORKS, a freehold property, having a superficial area of 95,741 square yards of land, subject to chief rents amounting to £407 13s. 9d. per annum, with the buildings, plant, machinery, and apparatus erected thereon, capable of manufacturing monthly a product exceeding in the aggregate 2000 tons of soda-ash, bleaching-powder and liquor (by Weldon's patent process), and sulphuric acid, also caustic soda and muriatic acid. The amount expended in the construction of these works has been very large. A valuation was made with great care in 1874 by Messrs. Holmes and Son, the well-known valuers, of Manchester; their estimate then amounted to £99,900, and since that time a sum exceeding £10,000 has been expended. The whole of the works and plant have been well kept, and are conveniently arranged for working. The Bury, Bolton, and Manchester Canal, which forms one boundary of the property, affords facility for economical water carriage, and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway is within a very short distance. There is a plentiful supply of water for all manufacturing purposes, free of cost, from the river Croal, and coals are raised from pits in the immediate neighbourhood. Pyrites, salt, lime, and limestone are all brought by boats direct to the wharf on the canal. The works may be economically worked with a small capital, as arrangements may be made with the vendors for a very considerable portion of the purchase money to remain upon mortgage. Large profits have been realised in the past, and the high reputation of the Prestolee manufactures in the market will ensure to an energetic man, even at the existing low prices, an ample return for his capital invested and possession of works not surpassed for completeness or compactness by any in the kingdom. May be viewed til the sale. Printed particulars are in course of preparation, and may shortly be had at the Works; at the Palatine and Queens Hotels, Manchester; of Messrs. Wakeman and Bleeck, Solicitors, Warminster; of Messrs Addleshaw and Warburton, Solicitors, Norfolk Street, Manchester; and of Messrs. Fuller, Horsey, Sons, and Co., 11, Billiter Square, London, who are empowered to treat for the disposal by private contract.

Prestolee Alkali Works, Farnworth, near Manchester and Bolton.Useful Horses, rolling stock, loose effects, and remaining stock-intrade.

MESSRS. FULLER, HORSEY, SONS,

and CO. are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the PREMISES, Farnworth, near Manchester, on THURSDAY, April 3, at twelve precisely, the ROLLING STOCK, loose materials, and stock-in-trade, including 16 powerful cart horses, four wrought-iron tank trollies, nine lorries, II spring tip and float carts, harness, two cast-iron caustic pots, cast-iron decomposing pot, double-flue Lancashire boiler 7 ft. diameter, 19 ft. 6 long, about 30 tons useful wrought- and cast-iron material, 3 tons lead, brass cocks and taps slate slabs, York stone foundations, new wire netting, useful ash timber spokes and felloes, earthenware aqua fortis jars and packing boxes; also 25 tons soda-ash, 72 carboys rectified oil of vitriol, 300 empty carboys, and numerons other effects.-May be viewed the day preceding the sale, and catalogues had on the premises, of Messrs. Wakeman and Bleeck, Solicitors, Warminster; of Messrs. Addleshaw and Warburton, Solicitors, Norfolk Street, Manchester; and of Messrs. Fuller, Horsey, Sons, and Co., 11, Billiter Square London, E.C., or will be forwarded on application.

MR. EDWARD T. BARRETT,

ACCOUNTANT AND FINANCIAL AGENT, Gives information without charge to Investors in Stocks and Shares, and conducts the Sale of

ALL CLASSES OF SECURITIES
on reasonable terms.

Mortgages are also effected for inventors and others at fair rates
Patents secured for Inventions relating to Electricity and

Mining Chemistry.

Advice and nstruction given in all matters of Account. 38 GREAT ST. HELEN'S, E.C.

WILLIAM AND WILLIAM T. FIELD, the Celebrated STAFFORDSHIRE BLUE BRICKS, specially adapted for Chemical Plant, i.e., Acid Towers, &c. Also all other kinds of Best Staffordshire Blue Bricks, Pavings, Plynths, Splays, Copings, &c. &c. Prices and samples on Application.

MANUFACTURERS of the

TESTIMONIAL.

"We have used the Blue Staffordshire Brick for Sulphuric Acid Towers, &c., manufactured by Messrs. Field, for the last fifteen years, during which time they have given great satisfaction. We recommend them to the Chemical Trade, believing there is nothing better in the market."-(Signed) WILLIAM HUNT and SONS, Lea Brook Alkali Works, near Wednesbury, Staffordshire, February, 1878. TOLL END BRICK-WORKS, TIPTON, STAFFORDSHIRE.

NEWS, wa,}

do not pretend to any high degree of accuracy in my

THE CHEMICAL NEWS. delineations of the lines; besides the different conditions

VOL. XXXIX, No. 1010.

BLUE FLAME FROM COMMON SALT. By A. PERCY SMITH, F.C.S., F.I.C.

SOME time ago the question was raised in Nature concerning the origin of the blue flame produced when common salt is thrown into a hot fire.

Among the suggestions that were advanced, no one offered the only explanation that is at all feasible, viz., that it is due siniply to hydrochloric acid.

The blue flame is not produced by sodium chloride only, but by other chlorides as well. Those I have tried areBaCl2, SrCl2, KCl, AmC1, Hg2Cl2, and HCl, the last both in solution and as gas. It would be waste of time and space to enumerate all the experiments I have made on this subject; many of them were for the purpose of proving that neither carbon nor sulphur had any share in the

reaction.

under which the two were compared might account for considerable variations.

For the HCl I used a coil (capable of giving a 2" spark) with a Leyden jar, and worked by 6 Smees. The carbon points were 4-inch apart. The spark was tried both focussed and unfocussed on the slit of a 2-prism spectroscope.

When comparing the two spectra side by side it was difficult in some cases to be sure of coincidence, because the flame from the Hg2Cl2 would flash out brilliantly for a moment and quite overpower the more feeble lines of the HCI; it would then disappear entirely, and more chloride would have to be placed on the gauze.

I have no doubt in my own mind that HCl is the cause of the blue flame. I have proved that Cl is a necessary constituent, and I have not been able to get it in the absence of hydrogen (the spectrum of pure Cl is very different); and, besides, the red H line is present in both cases, and probably the other two as well. I do not think that the presence of aqueous vapour is sufficient to account for the red line.

I subjoin the spectra as I mapped them; but it must be borne in mind that I do not vouch that they are without error. I intend to photograph them when I have sufficient

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One of my methods of obtaining the flame was to burn pure hydrogen from a glass jet, and allow a mingled stream of HCl and NH, from two other jets to pass into it. The best source, however, is calomel, heated on wire gauze by a Bunsen burner; the next best AmCl. spectrum of the "chloride" flame is characterised by a series of double bands in the green, blue, and violet, the least refrangible of each pair being the broadest. The four pairs in the violet are especially prominent. There are two red bands or lines and one orange. The least refrangible red line occupies the place of the hydrogen line C. A spark between carbon points in a bottle of HCl gas yields a spectrum similar in appearance to that obtained from a chloride, but I was unable to see any violet bands, only a faint continuous spectrum. I was able to ascertain that the red lines coincided exactly, but I cannot affirm with the same positiveness that all the green lines and bands coincide. Some undoubtedly do; but the spectrum of the HCl was so faint and the spectrum of the chloride so transient that measurements were very difficult, and I

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I STAND corrected by Prof. Tomlinson thus far, that his paper was received by the Royal Society in September, 1877, and not read, as I previously stated.

As regards my description of his paper as one inter.ded to upset my theories and uphold his own, I cannot see that Prof. Tomlinson has to find fault with. In using those words it never occurred to me that any one would emphasise the pronouns my and his, and suppose that I intended to imply he had any personal feeling in the No one who knows Prof. Tomlinson would sup

matter.

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