Triginta Vocabula et Phrases Praefatiuncula ad magistrum: si unus dies non sufficit ad haec quae sequuntur ediscenda, saltem incipi possunt et posthac melius condisci. Etymologia: EUS & NEUS, ACEUS & ICIUS, same as "en" in "wooden" or "y" in "rosy." Exempla: via ferrea (rail road), aurea poma (golden apples), rosacea coro'na (garland). V. P. AD MODUM CARUS, very dear (both senses). SACER, sacred. (SACROSANCTUS, venerable, august). MANSUETUS, 2 sensus: mild, tame (Opp. FERUS, wild, fierce). FABER FERRARIUS, black smith (FERRUM, iron). SAEVUS TAURUS IN PASCUO, savage bull in pasture. SIMIUS IN RAMO, m, monkey on branch. CA TULI IN CUBILI, 2 sensus: pups, whelps in lair. DOMICILIUM IN ORA MARI'TIMA, residence on sea shore (ORA, edge). LAUTUM CONVIVIUM, elegant banquet (CONVIVA, person-atbanquet). CLANDESTI'NUM CONCILIUM—COLLOQUIUM, secret council, conference. DIMIDIUM v. DIMIDIA PARS, half. NULLO MODO MIRUS, by no means strange (MIRA'CULUM). NULLO PACTO v. NULLA RATIONE, by no means (pact, reasoning). CIBUS ET POTUS (IV decl), food & drink. PANIS, m, ET BUTY RUM IN PATELLA, bread & butter on plate. VINUM ET CEREVISIA IN POPI'NA, wine & beer in eating-house. VITREUM PO'CULUM-CORNEUM, glass drinking-cup, horn (VITRUM, CORNU). AMOENUS HORTUS, pleasant garden (to-sight). HORTI, park. VALIDUS VENTUS FLAT, strong wind blows (adv. VALDE, VALIDE). PUSILLIUM OPPIDUM AD TIBERIM, little town on the Tiber. MALUS ET VELA IN NAVIGIO, mast & sails in boat. (long A). NIMIS v. NIMIUM, too (much, etc.) NIMIA AUDACIA-FESTINATIO, excessive daring, haste. (festi'no) (SATIS first). SATIS (SAT) BONUS-BENE, good enough, well enough. PARUM (MINUS) ACCURATUS, not-sufficiently careful (things) CONSUETUDO SERMONIS, idiom (custom of-speech). SOLOECISMUS v. SOLOECON, solecism. Cognatae Voces caritas (charity), era et famula, serva; laetitia, saevitia; ventosus locuз; vinarius et cerevisiarius; mansuetudo, kindness; navis velaria (sailing vessel); hoc submarinum navigium sex torpedines habet. (1) Flexus: singulariter IS EA ID EIUS ΕΙ EUM EAM ID deest Voc. EO EA EO (2) Sensus et usus iS EA ID pluraliter El v. II EAE EA EO'RUM EA'RUM EO'RUM EIS v. IIS EOS EAS EA EIS v. IIS a) adjective: this, that. (weak demonstrative). b) he, she, it. (that one). No one Latin word for "he" etc. (3) N. B. EIUS means cf-this, of-that, of-that-one, his, hers,its. But this word can NEVER REFER TO THE SUBJECT. In a sentence like "Cicero gave money to his son" either leave out "his" or express it as given in Pensum XXIII. (4) Etymologia: FER & GER bearing, carrying, FERO v. GERO, I bear, carry. Vide Dictiones Selectiores. V. P. CUIUS MODI of-what-sort? same as adj. QUALIS? HUIUS'MODI v. HUIUSCE'MODI of this sort, such. N. B. Place BEFORE its word. EIUS MODI DICTIONES v. LOCUTIONES such phrases. AB EO QUOD EST from that which is (gram. phrase). QUAM BONUS how good (exclam. & inter). TAM BONUS so good. TAM BONUS QUAM EGO as good as I. NON TAM BONUS QUAM EGO not so good as I. QUANTUS? how much, how great? TANTUS v. TANTUSDEM so great, so much, just-as-great, just as-much. TANTUS QUANTUS v. TANTUSDEM QUANTUS as great, much, as. NON TANTUS QUANTUS not so etc. DICTIONES SELECTIORES: cru'cifer et thurifer in pompa, solemn-procession; THUS, incense; ar'miger, Mars; aurifera regio; stelli' ferum v. stelli'gerum caelum; corni'gerum monstrum, taurus, incautos pueros vulnerat (wounds); Claviger est lanus, CLAVIS, key; claviger est Hercules, CLAVA, club; fructifer v. frugifer ager; aqui lifer et signifer in legione, A'QUILA, eagle, SIGNUM, sign, signal, standard; lucifer; heus, tu, furcifer, quo tam rapide? hello, you rascal, whither so quickly? FURCA pitch-fork. MIHI est Dativus singularis ab eo quod est EGO. IDEM Praefatiuncula: IDEM is made up of IS and DEM. Cf "identitas,' quae vox ad medii aevi latinitatem pertinet. (1) Flexus: singulariter pluraliter IDEM L'ADEM IDEM EIDEM v. II'DEM EAEDEM E'ADEM EIDEM EUNDEM EANDEM IDEM EOSDEM EASDEM E'ADEM deest Voc. EO'DEM EA'DEM EO'DEM EISDEM v. IISDEM (2) Expressions for "same as.' a) IDEM QUI etc. N. B. use the case etc. required by your meaning. b) IDEM ATQUE. N. B. ATQUE has other meanings also. The (3) Correlatives, correlativae voces: words that match like tam & quam, tantus & quantus, tot & quot are called correlatives. relative, as quam, quantus, quot, is usually rendered "as." (4) Etymologia: three adjective prefixes. PER, very. PRAE 2 sensus: very, at-the-end. SUB somewhat. Exempla sunt: prae'potens; praeclarus, very-fine; praeacu'tus palus, stake sharpened at the end; per'bonus, perami'cus, pergratus, pernecessarius etc; subrus' ticus, somewhat countrified IBI SITUS situated there. V. P. PROCUL INDE ABESSE to be far-way from-there. PROPE INDE ABESSE to be near there (near from-there). EO thither, in-this-direction, in-that-direction. UNUM IDEMQUE VALENT amount to one and the same-thing. IBIDEM UBI, QUO, UNDE in-the-same-place from-which. IN'DIDEM from the same (source etc). EODEM to the same place, in the same direction. where, to-which, EODEM MODO QUO v. ATQUE in the same manner in-which, as. ATQUE v. AC, as, than; AN D. N. B. AC only before consonants. ATQUE for "and" is intensive. LONGE ALITER ATQUE far otherwise than. "BONUS" HABET INTELLECTUM CONTRARIUM ATQUE "MALUS." "bonus" has a meaning contrary to (than) "malus.' WITH Praefatiuncula: the English "with" may represent three entirely different constructions, all made with Ablative. (1) Abl. of accompaniment, Ablativus comitantis, of-one-accompanying: CUM is required except in some military expression that signify circumstances, as, omnibus copiis, with all troops. This Abl. is used with words like "talk," "fight," "agree" etc. (2) Abl. of means, Ablativus instrumenti: CUM is NEVER used. This Abl. may be rendered "with," "by," or "by means of." It also shows WAY BY WHICH, as, ambulare via sacra. (3) Abl. of manner, Ablativus Modi: CUM MAY BE OMMITTED if the noun is modified: as, summa cura v. summa cum cura. Other instances of this Abl. without CUM are noted in grammars. This Abl. equals an adverb; as, cum gaudio, with joy, joyfully. (4) CUM encliticum: with five pronouns, sometimes with six; me cum & tecum, nobiscum & vobiscum, secum. (5) Etymologia: some words of Greek origin or in imitation of such. a) ISTA, one-who-does; adjective ISTICUS. b) cognates: ISMUS, ISMA (n), IZARE. c) MA (n), plur. MATA, adj. MATICUS. N. B. the plural of nouns in MA may follow the second declension. Exempla sunt: S. loannes, Baptista; baptismus v. baptisma; Thomistae et Scotistae in historia dogmatorum; apothegma; diaphragma; plasma et protoplasma in biologia; paradigma; zoomagnetismus; Iudaismus, Calvinismus; etc. V. P. SUMMA CUM CURA—INCURIA with the highest care, carelessness SINE ULLA MORA-DUBITATIONE without any delay, hesitation or doubt. NON SINE A'LIQUA IUSTA CAUSA not without some just reason. MULTUS ET MAGNIS DE CAUSIS from (for) many, great reasons. Note ET. SECUM 4 sensus: with himself, herself, itself, themselves. Refers to subj. SUUS A UM: 4 sensus, his, hers, its, theirs. Refers only to subject. INTER SE DIFFERUNT-CONGRUUNT—AMANT different among themselves, agree, love one another etc. Make phrase suit the sense. AUT NIHIL AUT CERTE NON MULTUM 2 sensus: either little or certainly not much, either not-at-all or certainly not much. PRO PATRIA PUGNARE-DIMICARE to fight for, in behalf of father-land. DE PRAEMIO CERTARE v. DECERTARE ing, for, a prize, reward. to contend concern DATIVE OF FOSSESSION Praefatiuncula: be careful to GET THE THOUGHT, and then to use the PROPER CONSTRUCTION, as English and Latin may require (1) Dativus possessivus; used with EST and like verbs to show ownership; as, EST MIHI LIBER, there is to me a book, there belongs to me a book, I have, own a book; SUNT MIHI PATER ET MATER, there are to me father and mother, I have etc; ESTNE TIBI EQUUS? is there to you a hore; have you a horse? In Latin the thing owned is the subject of EST, but in English it is the object of "have." Make good English out of the Latin. (2) Distinctiones. a) EST MIHI & HABEO: often no difference; but we may use HABEO of what we do not own; as, habeo tuum librum. b) EST MIHI & EST MEUS: the latter means 'it is mine." Usually where we can understand "a" or "someone," the Dative is used; but where the thing is definitely pointed to, an adjective or the Genitive is required; as, hic equus meus est, magistri est. (3) NOMEN EST MIHI, my name is; the name may be Nominative, agreeing with "nomen" or Dative, agreeing with "mihi" or Genitive; as, Nomen est mihi Theodorus, Theodoro, Theodori. This use applies to "the name was given. (4) Etymologia: endings denoting thing MEN, MENTUM, MONIUM, MA BULUM, CULUM, BRUM, CRUM, TRUM. Vide infra. V. P. CONTRA LEGES GRAMMATICAS against grammar laws. INTRA MUROS-SEX DIES within the city-walls, six days. VIX VIVUS E MORBO scarcely alive from-out-of (after) the PROPE MORTUUS INEDIA ET INSOMNIA nearly dead from-noteating & sleeping. Abl. causae. NON ITA v. NON ITA SANE not very. HAUDI ITA v. HAUD ITA SANE not very. AND, 4 words ET usual conjunction; repeated between every member, as, A et B et C. QUE, encliticum, close connection; connects last member. ATQUE v. AC and consequently, and therefore, what is more, etc. CUM very close connection; as, muta cum li'quida positionem non facit. DICTIONES SELECTIORES: lumen elec'tricum, ex gas; rigorosum examen subeunt; clara flumina, celebrated rivers; semina discordiae. NOMEN, thing we are KNOWN BY; pretiosa ornamenta, so'lida fundamenta; fundator collegii; elementa latina; rudimenta philosophiae; documenta historica; falsum testimonium; vin'culum matrimonii, bond of; VOCABULA, names we CALL things by; oraculum Delphicum; memoracula phonographica; fer'culum, tray; sepulchrum Christi, spectaculum gladiatorium in amphitheatro; theatrum cinematographicum; aurea candelabra, cande'la; mulus in stabulo; quis adest in vestibulo? etc. |