and a Vida sung! South. Prior. Pope. With sweeter notes each rising temple rung, Sax. pring; Dan. Swed. Teut. and Belg. ring. A circle; circular line, particularly of metal; circular course; circle of persons to encircle; fit'with rings: the ringbone is defined in the extract: ringdove, a kind of pigeon so called from the ring of feathers round its neck ringleader, the head of a ring or knot of riotous persons: ringlet, a small ring ring streaked, streaked circularly: ring-tail, a kind of kite: ring-worm, a circular tetter. He removed the he goats that were ringstreaked and spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled. In this habit Genesis xxx. 35. The Italians, perceiving themselves almost environed, cast themselves into a ring, and retired back into the city. Hayward. The rings of iron, that on the doors were hung, Sent out a jarring sound, and harshly rung. Dryden. Round my arbour a new ring they made, Goddess presiding o'er the rapid race, I have seen old Roman rings so very thick about, and with such large stones in them, that 'tis no wonder a fop should reckon them a little cumbersome in the summer. Addison. The nobility escaped; the poor people, who had been deluded by these ringleaders, were executed. RING. The episcopal ring (which makes a part of the pontifical apparatus, and is esteemed a pledge of the spiritual marriage between the bishop and his church) is of very ancient standing. The fourth council of Toledo, held in 633, appoints that a bishop condemned by one council, and found afterwards innocent by a second, shall be restored by giving him the ring, staff, &c. From bishops, the custom of the ring has passed to cardinals, who have sometimes paid enormous sums pro jure annuli cardinalitii. RING, in astronomy and navigation, an instrument used for taking the sun's altitude, &c. it is usually of brass, about nine inches diameter, suspended by a little swivel at the distance of 45° from the point of which is a perforation, which is the centre of a quadrant of 90° divided in the inner concave surface. To use it, let it be held up by the swivel, and turned round to the sun, till his rays, falling through the hole, mark a spot among the degrees, which shows the altitude required. This instrument is preferred to the astrolabe, because the divisions are here larger than on that instrument. RING-OUSEL, in ornithology, a species of turdus. RING-TAIL. See FALCO. RINGWOOD, a large market town and parish of Hampshire, on the Avon, with a market on Wednesday, and a considerable manufacture of knit worsted hose. Many of the houses and the church are well built. This town has long been celebrated for the excellence of its ale, of which it exports considerable quantities; it also trades in leather, druggets, and some narrow cloths. Near it the duke of Monmouth was taken after his defeat at Sedgmoor, in 1685. It is fourteen miles N. N. E. of Pool, thirty southwest of Winchester, and ninety-one west by south of London. RINSE, v. a. From Teut. rein, pure, clear. RINS'ER, n. s. To wash; cleanse: a washer. Whomsoever he toucheth, and hath not rinsed his hands in water, he shall be unclean. Leviticus xv. 11. This must move us humbly to sue unto God, and earnestly to intreat him, to wash us throughly from our wickedness, and cleanse us from our sins: yea to purge and rinse the fountain thereof, our unclean and polluted hearts. Perkins. This last costly treaty Swallowed so much treasure, and like a glass Did break i' the rinsing. Shakspeare. Henry VIII. They cannot boil, nor wash, nor rinse, they say, With water sometimes ink, and sometimes whey, RIO DEL REY, a river of South Western Africa, falling into the gulf of Benin. Its mouth is broad; but a great part is shallow, there being only an open channel in the middle navigable by large vessels. Its early course is unknown; but it is reported to come from the north, and to receive some considerable streams. The country on each side is marshy but fertile. The Calbongos, as they are called, of this neighbourhood, are a numerous and barbarous race, going almost naked, and smearing themselves with a red paint. They are said to be much corrupted by the slave trade. The chief trade in the river carried on here is by the Portuguese and Dutch, who procure slaves and a small quantity of ivory. The mouth is in long. 8° 5' E., lat. 4° 30′ N. RIO GRANDE, a province of Brasil, is bounded by the capitania of St. Paul's on the north, Matto Grosso on the west, and the Rio de la Plata on the south. It may be called the granary of Brasil, and wheat is shipped here to all the ports on the coast. Farming, however, is carried on in a slovenly manner; the grain is always rough and foul, and is packed in raw hides, which are sewed up like sacks, so that it frequently swells and heats on the passage. This province is extremely populous; in a circuit of twenty leagues the inhabitants are estimated at 100,000. Their principal occupations are, the breeding of cattle, drying and preparing of hides, and the making of charque, or what is called in the river Plata jug-beef, or beef dried and salted in a particular way. It is in taste somewhat similar to hung-beef, and constitutes the general food of the sailors and lower orders, forming part of almost every cargo sent out from this province. The quantity of hides exported hence is almost incredible; they furnish many vessels with entire cargoes, which are carried to the northern ports, and thence enibarked for Europe. The annual average may be estimated at not less than 300,000. Tallow is another considerable article, which in general is shipped in the crude state. The greater part is consumed in other parts of Brasil. It is packed in waste raw hide packages. Horns and horsehair form an inferior branch of commerce. The above are the staple productions of Rio Grande, which give employment to perhaps 100 sail of coasters. During the old system, so lately as within these few years, a most lucrative trade was here carried on with the Spaniards, who came in numbers, and most eagerly bought up the tobacco, and such of the English manufactures as could be transported on horseback at great prices. Thus Rio Grande and its vicinity became very enviable situations, where considerable fortunes were made. The neighbourhood of the capital is unpleasant, being surrounded with sand and sandhills of no inconsiderable size, formed by the wind, and frequently brought by it into every part of the houses. The cattle bred in this capitania are very numerous. The large river Uruguay rises here, and empties itself into the river Plata, a little above Buenos Ayres. There are numerous others of less consequence, and much wood. Some attempts were lately made, by miners sent from Villa Rica, to work gold washings, and in the neighbourhood of the capital they have coal, a specimen of which Mr. Mawe mentions. In various parts jaguars and beasts of prey are very common; among the granivorous animals are capivaras of great size, deer, and armadillos, which are excellent eating. Of birds the ostriches of the dark colored species go about in immense flocks. There are also eagles, hawks, and other birds of prey. The inhabitants are, generally speaking, athletic, and robust, and excellent horsemen. It is singular to Europeans that in this fine climate, where the thermometer is frequently below 40° Fahrenheit, and where are bred as fine cows as any in the world, and every convenience is at hand for dairies, neither butter nor cheese is made, except on particular occasions. In some places the grapes are good, and probably wine will soon be made from them, as the restraint laid by the mother country is now removed. The port through which the commerce of Rio Grande is carried on is situated about 32° south; it is dangerous to enter, first from its being shoal water, and next, from a violent sea always running, and the shifting of the sands. There is notwithstanding a great trade carried on from this place to all the ports of Brasil. The principal town is de fended by many forts, some of which are upon islets. Since it was taken from the Spaniards, by general Coimbra, the Portuguese have much strengthened it, and now there is a very considerable force of cavalry, horse artillery, and foot soldiers. RIOM, a large and central town of France, in the department of the Puy de Dome, delightfully situated on a declivity, which commands a view of the Limagne d'Auvergne. It has a cour royale, is regularly built, being traversed diametrically by two principal streets, which cross. each other in the middle of the town: these and the other streets are all paved with basalt. The whole town is built of this sort of stone, With them no riotous pomp nor Asian train, Dryden. One man's head runs riot upon hawks and dice. L'Estrange. Thy life a long dead calm of fixed repose; No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows. You never can defend his breeding, Pope. Could never leave the world in quiet. Swift. RIOT, in law. The riotous assembling of twelve persons, or more, and not dispersing upon proclamation, was first made high treason by stat. 3 and 4 Edw. VI. c. 5, when the king was a minor, and a change of religion had to be effected; but that statute was repealed by stat. 1 Mar. c. 1, among the other treasons created since the 25 Edw. III.; though the prohibition was in substance re-enacted, with an inferior degree of punishment, by stat. 1. Mar. stat. 2, c. 12, which made the same offence a single felony. These statutes specified and particularised the nature of the riots they were meant to suppress; as, for example, such as were set on foot with intention to offer violence to the privy council, VOL. XVIII. or to change the laws of the kingdom, or for certain other specific purposes; in which cases, if the persons were commanded by proclamation to disperse, and they did not, it was by the stat. of Mary made felony, but within the benefit of clergy; and also the act indemnified the peace officers and their assistants, if they killed any of the mob in endeavouring to suppress such riot. This act was made at first only for a year, and afterwards continued for queen Mary's life. And by stat 1 Eliz. c. 16, when a reformation in religion was to be once more attempted, it was revived and continued during her life also, and then expired. From the accession of James I. to the death of queen Anne it was never thought expedient to revive it; but in the first year of Geo. I. it was judged necessary, in order to support the execution of the act of settlement, to renew it, and at one stroke to make it perpetual, with large additions. For, whereas the former acts expressly defined and specified what should be accounted a riot, the stat. 1 Geo. I. c. 5, enacts generally, that if any twelve persons are unlawfully assembled to the disturbance of the peace, and any one justice of the peace, sheriff, under sheriff, or mayor of a town, shall think proper to command them by proclamation to disperse, if they contemn his orders, and continue together for one hour afterwards, such contempt shall be felony without benefit of clergy. And farther, if the reading of the proclamation be by force opposed, or the reader be in any manner wilfully hindered from the reading of it, such opposers and hinderers are felons without benefit of clergy; and all persons to whom such proclamation ought to have been made, and knowing of such hindrance, and not dispersing, are felons without benefit of clergy. There is the like indemnifying clause, in case any of the mob be unfortunately killed in the endeavour to disperse them, copied from the act of queen Mary. And, by a subsequent clause of the new act, if any person so riotously assembled, begin, even before proclamation, to pull down any church, chapel, meeting-house, dwelling-house, or out houses, they shall be felons without benefit of clergy. Riots and unlawful assemblies must have three persons (at least to constitute them. An unlawful assembly is, when three or more do assemble themselves together to do an unlawful act, as to pull down enclosures, to destroy a warren, or the game therein; and part without doing it, or making any motion towards it. A riot is where three or more actually do an unlawful act of violence, either with or without a common cause or quarrel; as, if they beat a man,or hunt and kill game in another's park, chase, warren or liberty; or do any other unlawful act with force or violence; or even do a lawful act, as removing a nuisance, in a violent and tumultuous manner. The punishment of unlawful assemblies, if to the number of twelve, may be capital, according to the circumstances that attend it; but from the number of three to eleven is by fine and imprisonment only. The same is the case in riots and routs by the common law; to which the pillory in very enormous cases has been sometimes superadded. And by the stat. 13 Hen. IV. c. 17, any two justices, 2 R together with the sheriff or under sheriff of the county, may come with the posse comitatus, if need be, and suppress any such riot, assembly, or rout, arrest the rioters, and record upon the spot the nature and circumstances of the whole transaction; which record alone shall be a sufficient conviction of the offenders. In the interpretation of which statute it hath been holden that all persons, noblemen, and others, except women, clergymen, persons decrepit, and infants under fifteen, are bound to attend the justices in suppressing a riot, upon pain of fine and imprisonment; and that any battery, wounding, or killing the rioters, that may happen in suppressing the riot, is justifiable. RIOU'S ISLAND, or ROOAHOOGA, an island of the Pacific, about twenty-four miles in circumference, was discovered in 1792 by lieutenant Hergest, of the Daedalus store-ship. It is composed of steep and rugged rocks rising to a considerable height, and forming a lofty mountain in the middle. The western is the most fruitful side. Long. 139° 9′ W., lat. 8° 54′ S. RIP, v. a. Sax. pnýpan. To tear; lacerate; cut asunder by a continued stroke. Thou wilt dash their children, and rip up their women with child. 2 Kings viii. 12. Let it be lawful for me to rip up to the very bottom, how and by whom your discipline was planted, at such time as this age we live in began to make first trial thereof. Hooker. You rip up the original of Scotland. Spenser. You bloody Neros, ripping up the womb Of your dear mother England, blush for shame. Shakspeare. Esculapius, because ripped from his mother's womb, was feigned to be the son of Apollo. Hayward. They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion. Clarendon. Rip this heart of mine Out of my breast, and shew it for a coward's. Dryden. The relations considering that a trial would rip up old sores, and discover things not so much to the reputation of the deceased, they dropt their design. Arbuthnot. The conscious husband, whom like symptoms seize, Charges on her the guilt of their disease; Affecting fury acts a madman's part, He'll rip the fatal secret from her heart. Granville. RIPE, adj., v. n.,& v. a.` Sax. pipe; Belg. RIPEN, v. n. & v. a. ryp ; Teut. reif. RIPE NESS, n. s. Brought to perfection in growth; mature; finished; complete; qualified to ripe and ripen are used as synonymes both in the verb neuter and active forms, and mean to grow or make mature: the noun substantive corresponding. Afore the sour grape is ripening in the flower. Isaiah xviii. 5. Their fruit is improfitable, not ripe to eat. Wisdom iv. 5. Beasts are in sensible capacity as ripe even as men themselves, perhaps more ripe. Hooker. To this purpose were those harmonious tunes of psalms devised for us, that they, which are either in years but young, or touching perfection of virtue There was a pretty redness in his lips, A little riper and more lusty red Than that mixed in his cheeks. Id. That played on her ripe lip, seemed not to know This is the state of man; to-day he puts forth And then he falls as I do. This royal infant promises Id. Id. Upon this land a thousand thousand blessings, Which time shall bring to ripeness. Slubber not business for my sake, Bassanio; But stay the very riping of the time. Id. Id. The pricking of a fruit before it ripeneth, ripens the fruit more suddenly. Bacon's Natural History. Though no stone tell thee what I was, yet thou, In my graves inside, see what thou art now; Yet thou'rt not so good, till us death lay To ripe and mellow there, we're stubborn clay. Donne. Time, which made them their fame out-live, To Cowley scarce did ripeness give. Denhan So may'st thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy mother's lap, or be with ease Gathered, not harshly plucked, for death mature. Milton. I to manhood am arrived so near, And inward ripeness doth much less appear, That some more timely happy spirits indu'th. Id. At thirteen years old he was ripe for the univer sity. O early ripe! to thy abundant store, Fell. Dryden. When to ripened manhood he shall grow, The greedy sailor shall the seas forego. Id. While things were just ripe for a war, the cantons, their protectors, interposed as umpires in the quarrel. Addison. The genial sun Has daily, since his course begun, Rejoiced the metal to refine, And ripened the Peruvian mine. They have compared it to the ripeness of fruits. Id. Wiseman. Here elements have lost their uses; Pope. Swift. RIPHAT, or RIPHATH, the second son of Gomer, and grandson of Japhet. In most copies he is called Diphath in the Chronicles. The resemblance of the two Hebrew letters (resh) and (daleth) is so great, that they are very often con founded. The learned are not agreed about the country that was peopled by the descendants of Riphath. Eusebius considers it to have been the country of the Sauromata; the Chronicon Alexandrinum that of the Garamanta; Josephus Paphlagonia. Mela assures us that anciently the people of this province were called Riphatæi, or Riphaces; and others think he peopled the Montes Riphai; and this opinion seems the most reasonable, because the other sons of Gomer peopled the northern countries towards Scythia, and beyond the Euxine Sea. RIPLEY, an English alchymist of the fifteenth century. He published 1. A Compend of Alchymie, &c., and 2. Aurum Potabile, or The Universal Medicine. He died in 1490. RIPLEY, a market town and parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire, situate on the river Nidd, four miles north-west from Knaresborough, and 215 north by west from London. Some few remains of a castle are still standing here, and the church is an ancient building. The place is noted for its abundant produce of the liquorice plant. Market on Friday. RIPPON, a pleasant, well-built, and populous borough and market town of Yorkshire, in the West Riding; famous for its manufactures of hardware. It is an ancient town, noted in history long before the Roman conquest, and was famous for its religious houses. It has a magnificent church, with three lofty spires. In the days of popery this church was noted for a straight passage leading into a closely vaulted room, which could be made wider or narrower at pleasure, so as to admit or prevent the entrance of any one. This passage was called St. Wilfrid's Needle, and was used to try the chastity of any woman suspected of incontinence. The town is composed of several crooked lanes, there being but five regular built streets in the place. It sends two members to parliament. market-place is accounted one of the finest squares of the kind in England, and is adorned with an obelisk, erected by John Aislabie, the chancellor of the exchequer in the reign of George I. Two extensive cotton mills have been erected of late years and employ a number of hands; and here are also annual and well attended races. It is seated on the Ure, or Yore; twenty-eight miles north-west of York, and 209 N. N. W. of London. The RISANO, a town of Austrian Dalmatia, at the head of the gulf of Cattaro, eight miles north of Cattaro. The inhabitants boast of having preserved the ancient Roman habits, and are certainly remarkable for their intrepidity. Population 1800. RISBOROUGH, or MONKS'-RISBOROUGH, a market town and parish of Buckinghamshire, four miles and a half south-west from Wendover, and thirty-seven from London. It received the name of Monks'-Risborough from its born near Great Torrington, in Devonshire, about 1580. He was educated at Oxford; after which he retired to his family seat at Winscot, where he published The History and Antiquities of Devonshire; of which many copies are extant. Edmund Curll, the bookseller, printed a mutilated edition of it in 1714, in 2 vols. 8vo. Risdon died in 1640, aged sixty. RISE, v. n. & n. s. Į Pret. rose; part. risen. RIS'EN, adj. Sax. piran; Belg. rüsen; Goth. risa. To get or grow up; ascend; spring; swell; begin; be excited or produced; increase; be revived from death: the noun substantive and adjective corresponding. If the bright spot stay in his place, it is a rising of the burning. Leviticus xiii. 21. If any man hate his neighbour, lie in wait, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally, and fleeth unto one of those cities, the elders of his city shall fetch him thence. Deuteronomy. As wild asses in the desart, go they forth to their work, rising betimes for a prey. Job xxiv. 5. He maketh the sun to rise on the evil and the good. Matthew v. After I am risen again, I will go before you. Ïd. xxvi. There chanced to the prince's hand to rise Spenser. He, rising with small honour from Gunza, and fearing the power of the Christians, was gone. Knolles. To rest secure, and not rise up to grieve. Only he spoke, and every thing that is, Raised so high, from that convenient rise Denham. Creech. Thy mansion wants thee, Adam, rise. Milton. being assigned to the monks' of Canterbury, by She took her flight, and quickly reached the skies. Eschevine, bishop of Dorchester, and there was an adjoining parish called Prince's-Risborough, where, according to tradition, Edward the black prince had large possessions. Market on Saturday. RISDON (Tristram), an English antiquary, True in our fall, False in our promised rising. Id. Paradise Lost. Whether the sun Rise on the earth, or earth rise on the sun. Milton. High winds began to rise. Id. |