first recipe, vomiting and purging; but this would be too harsh. Suckling.

The' apothecary train is wholly blind,
From files a random recipe they take,
And many deaths of one prescription make.

Dryden. RECIPIENT, n. s. Lat. recipiens. A receiver; that to which any thing is communicated. The form of sound words, dissolved by chymical preparation, ceases to be nutritive; and, after all the labours of the alembeck, leaves in the recipient a freting corrosive. Decay of Piety.

Though the images, or whatever else is the cause of sense, may be alike as from the object, yet may the representations be varied according to the nature of the recipient.

Glanville

Make the bodies appear enlightened by the shadows which bound the sight, which cause it to repose for some space of time; and reciprocally the shadows may be made sensible by enlightening your ground. Dryden.

One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws, and blows reciprocating air. Id. Where there's no hope of a reciprocal aid, there can be no reason for the mutual obligation.

L'Estrange. Where the bottom of the sea is owze or sand, it is by the motion of the water, so far as the reciprocation of the sea extends to the bottom, brought to a level. Ray.

From whence the quick reciprocating breath, The lobe adhesive, and the sweat of death. Sewel. If the distance be about the hundredth part of an inch, the water will rise to the height of about an inch; and, if the distance be greater or less in any proportion, the height will be reciprocally proportional to the distance very nearly for the attractive force of the glasses is the same, whether the distance between them be greater or less; and the weight of the water drawn up is the same, if the height of it be reciprocally proportional to the height of the glasses.

Newton's Optics. According to the laws of motion, if the bulk and activity of aliment and medicines are in reciprocal proportion, the effect will be the same.

Arbuthnot on Aliments.

In reciprocal duties, the failure on one side justifies not a failure on the other. Clarissa.

These two rules will render a definition reciprocal

with the thing defined; which, in the schools, signifies, that the definition may be used in the place of the thing defined. Watts.

a

RECIPROCAL, in arithmetic, algebra, &c., is the quotient arising from the division of unity by any number or quantity. Thus the reciprocal of 2 is, of 3 is, and of a is -1 Hence the reciprocal of a vulgar fraction may be found, by barely making the numerator and the denominator mutually change places: thus the reciprocal b ofis for 2; of is; of s-, &c. Hence b a also, any quantity being multiplied by its reciprocal, the product is always equal to unity or 1; so x == 1, and x == 1, and a b ab

X -= = 1.

a

ab RECIPROCAL FIGURES, in geometry, those which have the antecedents and consequents of the same ratio in both figures.

RECIPROCAL PROPORTION, in arithmetic, is when, in four numbers, the fourth is less than the second, by so much as the third is greater than the first; and vice versâ.

RECIPROCAL TERMS, among logicians, are those which have the same signification; and consequently are convertible, or may be used for each other.

RECITE', v. a. & n. s.' RECITAL, n. s.

RECITATION,

RECITATIVE, Or, RECITATIVO, RECITER.

recito.

Fr. reciter; Lat. To rehearse; repeat; enumerate: narrative (obsolete): recital and recitation mean rehearsal; narration; repetition: recitative, or recitativo, a chaunt; a tuneful pronunciation: reciter, he who recites or repeats.

If menaces of scripture fall upon men's persons: it they are but the recitations and descriptions of God's decreed wrath, and those decrees and that wrath have no respect to the actual sins of men; why should terrors restrain me from sin, when present advantage invites me to it? Hammond.

The last are repetitions and recitals of the first. Denham. This added to all former recites or observations of ong-lived races, makes it easy to conclude, that health and long life are the blessings of the poor as well as rich. Temple.

He used philosophical arguments and recitations. Id.

He introduced the examples of moral virtue, writ in verse, and performed in recitative music. Dryden. This often sets him on empty boasts, and betrays him into vain fantastic recitals of his own performAddison. ances.

While Telephus's youthful charms,
His rosy neck, and winding arms,
With endless rapture you recite,
And in the tender name delight.
To make the rough recital aptly chime,
Or bring the sum of Gallia's loss to rhime,
Is mighty hard.

Id.

Prior.

Dunciad.

By singing peers upheld on either hand, Then thus in plain recitativo spoke. The thoughts of gods let Granville's verse recite, And bring the scenes of opening fate to light. Pope.

RECITATIVE, OF RECITATIVO, in music, a species of harmonious recitation, forming the medium between air and rhetorical declamation and

in which the composer or performer, rejecting the rigorous rules of time, imitates the inflexions, accent, and emphasis, of natural speech.

RECITATIVE, SO called because its true province lies in narration and recital, was first introduced at Rome, in the year 1660, by Signor Emilia del Cavaliere, and was so powerfully recommended by its effect as to be speedily adopted in other parts of Italy, and, by degrees, through the rest of Europe. The beauty of this species of composition depends greatly on the character of the language in which it is used; as that is more or less accented and melodious, so the more or less natural and striking will be the effect of the recitative.

RECK, v. n. & v. a. RECKLESS, adj.

Sax. pecan; Swed. reka; Goth. rækia. To RECK LESSNESS, n. s. value; care; heed; mind; care for: reckless is, careless; heedless: the noun substantive corresponding.

This son of mine, not recking danger, and neglecting the present good way he was in of doing himself good, came hither to do this kind office to my unspeakable grief. Sidney.

It made the king as reckless as them diligent. Id. Over many good fortunes began to breed a proud

recklessness in them.

Thou's but a lazy loarde,

And recks much of thy swinke,

That with fond terms and witless words,

Id.

To blear mine eyes dost think.

Spenser.

I reck as little what betideth me,

As much I wish all good befortune you.

Shakspeare.

Do not you as ungracious parsons do, Who shew the steep and thorny way to heaven; Yet like unthinking reckless libertine, That in the soft path of dalliance treads, Recks not his own rede.

Id.

Next this was drawn the reckless cities flame, When a strange hell poured down from heaven there

came.

With that care lost

Cowley.

Went all his fear; of God, or hell, or worse, He recked not.

Milton.

Of night or loneliness it recks me not;
I fear the dread events that dog them both,
Lest some ill-greeting touch attempt the person
Of our unowned sister.

RECK'ON, v. a. & v. n.
RECK'ONER, n. s.

Id.

Saxon pecan; Belg. reckenan ; Teut. recken. See

RECK'ONING. RECK. To estimate as to value; number; count; esteem; assign in reckoning; to compute; calculate; charge to, or in account; taking on, upon, and with a reckoner is a computer or calculator: reckoning, computation; account taken; esteem; estimate.

The priest shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain, and it shall be Leviticus xxvii. 18.

abated. There was no reckoning made with them of the money delivered into their hand. 2 Kings. To him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. Romans iv. 4.

Canst thou their reck'nings keep? the time compute

When their swoln bellies shall enlarge their fruit!

We shall not spend a large expence of time,
Before we reckon with your several loves,
And make us even with you.

Shakspeare.
His industry is up stairs and down; his eloquence
the parcel of a reckoning.
Id. Henry IV.

Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.
Camden.

Into the debt, and reckon on her head. Ben Jonson.
I call posterity
Varro's aviary is still so famous that it is reckoned
for one of those hotables which men of foreign na-
tions record.
Wotton.

Numb'ring of his virtues praise,

Death lost the reckoning of his days. Crashaw. For him I reckon not in high estate;

But thee, whose strength, while virtue was her mate, Might have subdued the earth. Milton's Agonistes.

God suffers the most grievous sins of particular persons to go unpunished in this world, because his reckon with them. justice will have another opportunity to meet and

I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church, though I only told three sides of it. Addison.

A multitude of cities are reckoned up by the geographers, particularly by Ptolemy. Arbuthnot.

RECKONING, or a SHIP'S RECKONING, in navigation, is that account whereby at any time it may be known where the ship is, and on what course or courses she is to steer in order to gain her port; and that account taken from the logboard is called the dead reckoning. See NAVI

GATION.

RECLAIM', v. a. I Lat. reclamo. To reRECLAIMER, n. s. form; correct; adjust; bring to a desired standard; tame: reclaimer is a contradicter.

He spared not the heads of any mischievous practices, but shewed sharp judgment on them for ensample sake, that all the meaner sort, which were infected with that evil, might, by terror thereof, be reclaimed and saved. Spenser.

This errour whosoever is able to reclaim, he shall save more in one summer, than Themison destroyed in any autumn. Browne. Reclaim your wife from strolling up and down To all assizes. Dryden's Juvenal. trembling charioteer, along, and were deaf to his The head-strong horses hurried Octavius, the reclaiming them. Dryden.

Upon his fist he bore An eagle well reclaimed. Id. Knight's Tale. Are not hawks brought to the hand, and lions, tygers, and bears reclaimed by good usage?

The penal laws in being against papists have been found ineffectual, and rather confirm than reclaim men from their errors. Swift. RECLAIMING, in ancient English customs, was a lord's pursuing, prosecuting, and recalling his vassal, who had gone to live in another place without his permission.

RECLAIMING is also used for the demanding of a person or thing, to be delivered up to the prince or state to which it properly belongs; when, by any irregular means, it is come into another's possession.

RECLAIMING, in falconry, is taming a hawk, &c., and making her gentle and familiar. A partridge is said to reclaim, when she calls her young ones together, upon their scattering too much from her.

RECLINE', v. a., v. n. & adj. Fr. recliner; Lat. reclino. To lean back, or sidewise; rest; repose in a resting posture.

A RECLUSE, among the Roman Catholics, is a person shut up in a small cell of a hermitage or monastery, and cut off, not only from all conversation with the world, but even with the house. This is a kind of voluntary imprisonment, from a motive either of devotion or penance. The word is also applied to incontinent wives, whom their husbands procure to be thus kept in perpetual imprisonment in some religious house. Recluses were anciently very numerous. They took an oath never to stir out of their retreat; and, having entered it, the bishop set his seal upon the door; and the recluse had every thing necessary for the support of life conveyed through a window. If he was a priest, he was allowed a small oratory with a window, which looked into the church, through

which he might make his offerings at the mass, hear the singing, and answer those who spoke to him; but this window had curtains before it, so that he could not be seen. He was allowed a little garden, adjoining to his cell, in which he might plant a few herbs, and breathe a little fresh air. If he had disciples, their cells were contiguous to his, with only a window of communication, through which they conveyed necessaries to him, and received his instructions. If a recluse fell sick, his door might be opened for persons to come in and assist him, but he himself was not to stir out. RECOAGULATION, n.s. Re and coagulation. Second coagulation.

This salt, dissolved in a convenient quantity of water, does upon its recoagulation dispose of the aqueous particles among its own saline ones, and shoot into crystals.

RECOGNIZE, v. a. RECOG'NISANCE, n. s. RECOGNISEE', RECOGNISOR',

RECOGNITION,

Boyle.

Lat. recognosco. To acknowledge; recover or avow knowledge; review recognisance is, acknowledgment; badge; a legal bond described below: the recognisee is he in whose favor it is drawn; the recognisor, he who gives it: recognition is, acknowledgment; review.

Apparent it is, that all men are either christians or not; if by external profession they be christians, then are they of the visible church of Christ, and christians by external profession they are all whose mark of recognizance hath in it those things mentioned, yet although they be impious idolaters and wicked hereticks.

She did gratify his amorous works
With that recognizance and pledge of love,
Which I first gave her; an handkerchief.

Hooker.

Shakspeare. The English should not marry with any Irish, unless bound by recognisance with sureties, to continue loyal. Davies.

The Israelites in Moses' days were redeemed out of Egypt; in memory and recognition whereof they were commanded to observe the weekly sabbath.

The asserted ocean rears his reverend head, To view and recognize his ancient lord. Dryden. Every species of fancy hath three modes: recegnition of a thing, as present; memory of it, as past; and foresight of it, as to come.

Grew. South.

Christ will recognize them at a greater. RECOGNITION is a term used in the English law books for the first chapter of the statute 1 Jac. I., by which the parliament acknowledged that, after the death of queen Elizabeth, the crown had rightfully descended to king James.

RECOGNIZANCE, in law, is an obligation of record, which a man enters into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorised, with condition to do some particular act; as to appear at the assizes, to keep the peace, to pay a debt, or the like. It is in most respects like another bond; the difference being chiefly this, that the bond is the creation of a fresh debt or obligation de novo, the recognizance is an acknowledgment of a former debt upon record;

the form whereof is, that A B doth acknowledge to owe to our lord the king, to the plaintiff, or to C D, or the like, the sum of £10,' with condition to be void on performance of the thing stipulated; in which case, the king, the plaintiff, C D, &c., is called the cognizee, is cui cognoscitur; as he that enters into the recognizance is called the cognizor, is cui cognoscit. This being certified to, or taken by, the officer of some court, is witnessed only by the record of that court, and not by the party's seal; so that it is not in strict propriety a deed, though the effects of it are greater than a common obligation; being allowed a priority in point of payment, and binding the lands of the cognizor from the time of enrolment on record.

RECOIL', v. n. & n. s. Fr. reculer. To rush or fall back; fail; shrink: a falling back. Ye both forewearied be; therefore a while I read you rest, and to your bowers recoil. Spenser. The very thought of my revenges that way Recoil upon me; in himself too mighty.

Shakspeare. Who in deep mines for hidden knowledge toils, Like guns o'ercharged, breaks, misses, or recoils.

Denham.

Revenge, at first though sweet, Bitter ere long, back on itself recoils. Milton. My hand's so soft, his heart so hard, The blow recoils, and hurts me while I strike.

Dryden. RECOIL, in gunnery, is the retrograde motion made by any piece of fire arms on being discharged. Cannon are always subject to a recoil, according to the sizes and the charge they contain, &c. Guns, whose vents are a little forward in the chase, recoil most. To lessen the recoil of a gun, the platforms are generally made sloping towards the embrasures of the battery. See PROJECTILES. The following is

A TABLE, of the recoil of field guns on travelling carriages, on elm planks.

RECOLLECT, v. a. Į Lat. recollectus. To RECOLLECTION, n. s. remember; recover to memory or reason; gather again; the noun substantive corresponding.

It did relieve my passion much; More than light airs and recollected terms Of these most brisk and giddy paced times. Shakspeare.

Let us take care that we sleep not without such a recollection of the actions of the day as may represent any thing that is remarkable, as matter of sorrow or thanksgiving. Taylor. Finding the recollection of his thoughts disturb his sleep, he remitted the particular care of the composition. Fell.

The Tyrian queen

Admired his fortunes, more admired the man; Then recollected stood. Dryden's Æneis. Recollection is when an idea is sought after by the mind, and with pain and endeavour found, and brought again in view.

Locke.

Recollect every day the things seen, heard, or read, which made any addition to your understanding. Watts's Logick.

RECOM'FORT, v. a. Re and comfort. To comfort or console again.

What place is there left, we may hope our woes to recomfort? Sidney. Ne'er through an arch so hurried the blown tides, As the recomforted through the gates. Shakspeare, As one from sad dismay

Recomforted, and after thoughts disturbed,
Submitting to what seemed remediless. Milton.
RECOMMEND', v. a.

RECOMMENDABLE, adj.
RECOMMENDATION, n. s.
RECOMMENDATORY, adj.
RECOMMEND'ER, n. s.

Fr. recommender. Re and commend. To praise earnestly; make acceptable: recommendable is,

worthy of praise; the act or mode of praising; that which secures preference; qualification: recommendatory, that which commends: recommender, he who commends.

They had been recommended to the grace of God.

Acts xiv.

Mæcenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises helped to make him popular while alive, and after his death have made him precious to posterity.

Dryden.

Poplicola's doors were opened on the outside, to save the people even the common civility of asking entrance; where misfortune was a powerful recommendation; and where want itself was a powerful

mediator.

Id.

A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds, and even a stranger recommends. Pope.

Verses recommendatory they have commanded me to prefix before my book. Swift. RECOMMIT, v. a. Re and commit. To commit anew.

When they had bailed the twelve bishops, who were in the Tower, the house of commons expostulated with them, and caused them to be recommitted.

Clarendon.

RECOMPACT, v. a. Re and compact. To join anew. Repair

And recompact my scattered body. Donne. RECOMPENSE, v. a. & n.s. Fr. recompenser; Lat re and compenso. To repay; requite; compensate; redeem: as a noun-substantive, reward; compensation; equivalent.

If the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let it be recompensed unto the Lord. Numbers v. 8.

Hear from heaven, and requite the wicked, by recompensing his way upon his own head. 2 Chron. Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom. xii. 17. Thou'rt so far before,

That swiftest wing of recompense is slow
To overtake thee.

Shakspeare. Wise men thought the vast advantage from their learning and integrity an ample recompense for any inconvenience from their passion. Clarendon.

He is long ripening, but then his maturity, and the complement thereof, recompenseth the slowness of

his maturation.

Hale. Your mother's wrongs a recompense shall meet, I lay my sceptre at her daughter's feet. Dryden. RECOMPILE'MENT, n. s. Re and compilement. New compilement.

Although I had a purpose to make a particular digest or recompilement of the laws, I laid it aside.

RECOMPOSE', v. a. RECOMPOSITION, n. s. and compose. To settle, quiet; or adjust anew; the noun-substantive corresponding.

Elijah was so transported, that he could not receive answer from God, till by musick he was recomposed. Taylor.

We produced a lovely purple, which we can destroy or recompose at pleasure, by severing or reapproaching the edges of the two irises. Boyle.

RECONCILE, v. a. RECONCILE ABLE, adj.

Fr. reconciler; Lat. reconcilio. RECONCILE ABLENESS, n. s. To restore to RECONCILE MENT, kindness or faRECONCILER, vor; restore to RECONCILIATION. consistency; make consistent: the adjective and first noun substantive corresponding: reconcilement is renewal of kindness or favor; agreement; and synonymous with reconciliation: a reconciler, he who effects reconciliation; a peace-maker.

So thou shalt do for every one that erreth and is simple, so shall ye reconcile the house. Ezekiel. He might be a merciful and faithful high priest to make reconciliation for sin. Hebrews ii. 17.

Injury went beyond all degree of reconcilement. Sidney.

This noble passion, Child of integrity, hath from my soul Wiped the black scruples, reconciled my thoughts To thy good truth and honour. Shakspeare. What we did was against the dictates of our own conscience; and consequently never makes that act

Parties

TO RECONNOITRE [Fr.] in military affairs, implies to view and examine the state of things, ordered to reconnoitre are to observe the country in order to make a report thereof. and the enemy: to remark the routes, conveniences, and inconveniences of the first; the position, march, or forces of the second. In either case they should have an expert geographer, capable of taking plans readily; he should be the best mounted of the whole, in case the enemy happen to scatter the escort, that he may save his plans and ideas.