union was attended, may appear from his will, by which he has devised to Mrs. W. the whole of his estate for her life, amounting to above 6000l. a year, with remainder to captain Lukin, (the eldest son of the Rev. Dr. Lukin, dean of Wells, and Mr. Windham's half brother,) and the heirs male of his body. His remains were removed from his house in Pall-mall, June 6, for the family vault at Felbrigge, attended by his nephew, Robert Lukin, esq. and Edmund Byng, esq. nephew to Mrs. W. The ceremony was conducted in the most private and unostentatious manner, agreeably to Mr. Windham's express desire.

RHETORIC-FOR THE PORT FOLIO.

LECTURE XII.

(Continued from page 30.)

With respect to an exemplification of the different kinds of public speaking, I know not that I can give it more effectually, within the remaining portion of time allotted for this lecture, than by reciting to you the addresses of Norval, Sempronius, and Mark Antony, together with the pathetic soliloquy of cardinal Wolsey; which will constitute a kind of scale of oratory, commencing with the simple recital of a shepherd's boy, and rising, through the animated and polished appeal of an accomplished Roman senator, and the insidious and inflammatory harangue of an ambitious and enraged partizan, to the most difficult, because most expressive, species of eloquence, soliloquy, as exhibited in the dignified, yet melancholy, monologue of a haughty and discarded favourite of a haughty and capricious monarch. He who can give to these addresses the proper accent, emphasis, tones, gesture, and expression, is qualified to recite with propriety, any species of composition,

governing himself, according to its nature, by the rules and observations which have been suggested in the preceding lectures.

I have chosen these pieces, because they are generally known, and have received universal approbation, for their peculiar energy of sentiment and of expression.

I will begin with the address of Norval to lord Randolph.

This contains nothing but the plain and unadorned narration of an unlettered youth, who, impelled by an ardent and invincible thirst for military glory, had deserted his father's tranquil and retired habitation, determined to relinquish the peaceful occupation of a shepherd, and

"To follow to the field some warlike lord.”

The attitudes, therefore, the gesture, and tones of voice, must exhibit a corresponding simplicity, though at the same time, a considerable degree of native energy.

"My name is Noryal," &c.

You will observe that at the expression " I had heard of battles," the spirit of the soldier must be evinced by a sudden animation of countenance and elevation of tone.

The address of Sempronius to the Roman Senate, should exhibit that gracefulness and majestic dignity, which the character of a Roman soldier, combined with that of an accomplished civilian, would naturally exhibit, when animated by a conviction of national insult, and an apprehension of national danger.

The oration of Antony affords, perhaps, one of the most difficult specimens of recitation to be found in our language.

It is, in the first place, a highly finished effusion of eloquence, which, under the mask of simplicity, and a wish to preserve order and public tranquillity, most artfully conveys the most powerful persuasion to mutiny, revenge, and revolution. The vein of sarcasm and irony which pervades this wonderful speech, requires the most perfect versatility of countenance and tone, and, at the same time, the most dignified firmness of deport

VOL. V.

ment, to convey in any degree, a correct expression of its real excellence.

The attitudes and action should be bold and commanding, the countenance alternately expressive of tenderness and rage, of love and of hatred, of patient acquiescence and of desperate revenge.

Friends, Romans, countrymen," &c.

Of the soliloquy of cardinal Wolsey, and the subsequent dialogue with his secretary Cromwell, which should always accompany it in recitation, various are the beauties, both with respect to sentiment and diction. The morality is pure, the imagery vivid and appropriate. In them the instability of all earthly felicity and splendour, with the proper temper and resignation to bear their loss, are most pathetically and poetically described; particularly in the soliloquy, which is of all other species of recitation, the most difficult to execute well; for it is the language of a man talking to himself, supposed to be unseen and unheard, yet speaking in such a manner as to be heard by the whole audience, and that, without in any degree regarding them, or appearing to be conscious of their presence; but, with an eye keenly and steadily" bent upon vacancy," the same correctness of enunciation, and force of expression is to be given, as when the attention is wholly addressed to the audience.

"Farewell! a long farewell to all my greatness!" &c.

It remains now, gentlemen, that I should exemplify the peculiar style of eloquence appropriate to the senate, the pulpit, and the bar. In doing this, I must necessarily be very brief; but. shall endeavour to select such passages as will exhibit the most impressive sentiments and action which their several characters require. And first,

OF THE ELOQUENCE OF THE SENATE.

In Mr. Burke's speech before the house of commons, Feb. 21st, 1785, on the nabob of Arcot's debts, the following brilliant passage occurs:

"Among the victims to this magnificent plan of universal plunder, worthy of the heroic avarice of the projectors, you

have all heard (and he has.made himself to be well remembered) of an Indian chief called Hyder Ali Khan. This man possessed the western, as the company under the name of the nabob of Arcot does the eastern, division of the Carnatic. It was among the leading measures in the design of this cabal (according to their own emphatic language) to extirpate this Hyder Ali. They declared the nabob of Arcot to be his sovereign, and himself to be a rebel, and publicly invested their instrument with the sovereignty of the kingdom of Mysore. But their victim was not of the passive kind. They were soon obliged to conclude a treaty of peace and close alliance with this rebel, at the gates of Madras. Both before and since that treaty, every principle of policy pointed out this power as a natural alliance ; and on his part, it was courted by every sort of amicable office. But the cabinetcouncil of English creditors would not suffer their nabob of Arcot to sign the treaty, nor even to give to a prince, at least his equal, the ordinary titles of respect and courtesy. From that time forward, a continued plot was carried on within the divan, black. and white, of the nabob of Arcot, for the destruction of Hyder Ali. As to the outward members of the double, or rather treble government of Madras, which had signed the treaty, they were always prevented by some overruling influence (which they do not describe, but which cannot be misunderstood) from performing what justice and interest combined so evidently to enforce.

"When at length Hyder Ali found that he had to do with men who either would sign no convention, or whom no treaty, and no signature could bind, and who were the determined enemies of human intercourse itself, he decreed to make the country possessed by these incorrigible and predestinated criminals a memorable example to mankind. He resolved, in the gloomy recesses of a mind capacious of such things, to leave the whole Carnatic an everlasting monument of vengeance; and to put perpetual desolation as a barrier between him and those against whom the faith which holds the moral elements of the world together, was no protection. He became at length so confident of his force, so collected in his might, that he made no secret whatsoever of his dreadful resolution. Having terminated his disputes with

every enemy, and every rival, who buried their mutual animosities in their common detestation against the creditors of the nabob of Arcot, he drew from every quarter whatever a savage ferocity could add to his new rudiments in the arts of destruction; and compounding all the materials of fury, havoc, and desolation, into one black cloud, he hung for a while on the declivities of the mountains. Whilst the authors of all these evils were idly and stupidly gazing on this menacing meteor, which blackened all their horizon, it suddenly burst, and poured down the whole of its contents upon the plains of the Carnatic.-Then ensued a scene of wo, the like of which no eye had seen, no heart conceived, and which no tongue can adequately tell. All the horrors of war before known or heard of, were mercy to that new havoc. A storm of universal fire blasted every field, consumed every house, destroyed every temple. The miserable inhabitants flying from their flaming villages, in part were slaughtered: others, without regard to sex, to age, to the respect of rank, or sacredness of function; fathers torn from children, husbands from wives, enveloped in a whirlwind of cavalry, and amidst the goading spears of drivers, and the trampling of pursuing horses, were swept into captivity, in an unknown and hostile land. Those who were able to evade this tempest, fled to the walled cities. But escaping from fire, sword, and exile, they fell into the jaws of famine.

"The alms of the settlement, in this dreadful exigency, were certainly liberal; and all was done by charity that private charity could do: but it was a people in beggary; it was a nation which stretched out its hands for food. For months together these creatures of sufferance, whose very excess and luxury in their most plenteous days, had fallen short of the allowance of our austerest fasts, silent, patient, resigned, without sedition or disturbance, almost without complaint, perished by a hundred a day in the streets of Madras; every day seventy at least laid their bodies in the streets, or on the glacis of Tanjore, and expired of famine in the granary of India. I was going to awake your justice. towards this unhappy part of our fellow citizens, by bringing before you some of the circumstances of this plague of hunger. Of