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acid would be better represented by a chain of three circles than by a trefoil, as contrasted in the diagram below:

Populine.

Although, as I have said, the benzoic and ammoniacal residues may be left in combination with one another by the excision, so to speak, of the glycolic residue. Be this as it may, I shall assume that hippuric acid consists of a residue of benzoic acid and a residue of glycocine, which last consists of a residue of glycolic or acetic acid combined with a residue of ammonia; and similarly in the case of many other bodies composed of more than two ultimate residues, I shall assume, with greater or less warrant, that we can ascertain the mode in which the residues are successively appended to one another, as in the list of bodies which I am now about to bring under your notice.

The compounds whose names are written up in the first column of the following tables occur either as natural products of the animal body, or as constituent residues of such natural products. In the second and third columns are given the names of the simpler molecules, by the mutual combination of which, with elimination of water, the corresponding bodies named in the first column are produced. I think I may venture to say that in every instance the bodies in the first column have been proved to consist of the residues which they are here represented to contain, although, as I have said, in those bodies which are composed of more than two ultimate residues, the order in which the residues are successively combined, or the relation in which any two of them stand to the remainder, may be to some extent a matter of assumption. In these tables the word "acid" is omitted for the sake of space :

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Stearic. Oleic.

Stearine.

Sulphurous. Ammonia. Ammonia. Ammonia. Ammonia. Cetal. Melyssal. Glycerine. Glycerine. Glycerine.

Oleine. The first of these bodies, namely, isethionic acid, is a constituent of taurine, and is formed by the union of alcohol and sulphurous acid with elimination of water, or, in other words, it contains a residue of each of these two bodies. Next on the list is methylamine, a frequent product of the putrefactive decomposition of animal matter. It contains a residue of wood spirit and a residue of ammonia.

Then we come to urea, which contains a residue of carbonic acid and a residue of ammonia. In my first lecture I spoke of urea as being the ammoniated form of carbonic acid-as bearing to carbonic acid the same relation that ammonia bears to water-whereas I now represent it as a compound of carbonic acid and ammonia with elimination of water; but a little consideration will show that the two modes of regarding this and similar bodies are

substantially the same. The empirical formula for carbonic acid-by which I mean hydrated carbonic acid-is CH2O,, while that for urea is CHAN,O. But regarding the two bodies as derivatives of the double atoms of water and ammonia respectively, or as the hydrate and amide of carbonyl, these formulæ become (CO)"H2O2, corresponding to HO2, and (CO)"H,N, corresponding to H,N, respectively. Accordingly, the representation of urea as a compound of carbonic acid and ammonia with elimination of water, or as a variety of carbonic acid in which certain elements of water are replaced by the corresponding elements of ammonia, is shown in these almost identical equations:

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(CO)H,O, + (H,)H N, = (H,)H,O. + (CO)H_Ng Glycocine, or sugar of gelatine, the next compound on the list, contains, as I have already observed, a residue of ammonia and a residue of glycolic or oxiacetic acid. Leucine, a body upon which I shall offer some observations in a future lecture, is a homologue of glycocine, and contains a residue of ammonia and a residue of leucic acid. We now come to spermaceti, which contains a residue of palmitic acid, an important member of our primary series of fatty acids, united with the residue of a solid alcohol, the cetylic, which bears to palmitic acid precisely the same relation that common ethylic alcohol bears to acetic acid, so that spermaceti is a true homologue of acetic ether, as shown in these equations :

Acetic.

Palmitic.

2

Ethylic.

=

=

Acetic Ether.

C2 H1 O2 + C2 H¿ O – H2O – C4 H ̧ O2. Cetylic. Spermaceti. C15H30O2 + C15H320 H2O C30H6002 Next, we have myricine, which forms from 60 to 80 per cent. of ordinary beeswax, and is composed of a residue of palmitic acid united with a residue of another solid alcohol, the melyssic, having the formula C30H62O.

The three following bodies are selected as examples of the true fats. The first of them, namely, palmitine, is an important constituent of palm oil or butter, and also exists in human and other soft fats to a considerable extent. Palmitine, stearine, and oleine are produced in accordance with the same typical equation, 3A+B-3 H2OX, as shown below:

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You observe that stearic acid is a homologue of palmitic acid, to which it stands next but one on the series; but oleic acid, which differs in composition from stearic acid by a deficiency of two hydrogen atoms, belongs to another set of compounds altogether, namely, the secondary series of fatty acids. The first known member of this series is the acrolic acid, which is a member of the propionic group, and which, as you may perceive by referring to the previous table of propionic compounds, bears to propionic acid the same relation that oleic acid bears to stearic acid.

All the bodies in the table we have just considered contain the residues of what may be regarded as primary molecules; but one or other of the residues contained in the several compounds included in the next table is itself a complex body built up by the union of two or more simple molecules.

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Thus, taurine, of which I am able, through the kindness of Mr. Lloyd Bullock, to exhibit a very beautiful specimen, contains a residue of ammonia united with a residue of

isethionic acid, which already contains a residue of alcohol and a residue of sulphurous acid. Sarcosine, which is a constituent of kreatine, contains a residue of glycolic acid and a residue of methylamine, which itself contains a residue of wood spirit and a residue of ammonia. Allophan is a purely artificial product, closely related to paraban and alloxan, which are products of the oxidation of uric acid. These three bodies contain respectively a residue of carbonic acid CH2O3, of oxalic acid C2H2O, and of mesoxalic acid C,H,O,, combined with a residue of urea, which itself contains a residue of carbonic acid and a residue of ammonia. The constitution of all three bodies is expressed by the same typical equation A + B-2H20-X, as exemplified below in the case of alloxan.

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We next come to hippuric acid, which, as we have already seen, contains a residue of benzoic acid and a residue of glycocine, which itself contains residues of glycolic acid and ammonia. This is succeeded by the two principal acids of the bile, the first of which, or glycocholic acid, contains a residue of cholic acid, and a residue of glycocine, and consequently differs from hippuric acid in containing a residue of cholic acid CHO, instead of a residue of benzoic acid CHO2. The other bile acid known as tauro-cholic acid contains a residue of cholic acid and a residue of taurine, which already contains residues of ammonia and isethionic acid, the latter body further containing a residue of alcohol and a residue of sulphurous acid, thus:

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The last compound which I propose to bring under your notice to-day is kreatine, a beautiful crystalline body, as you may perceive, from the unusually fine specimen lent me by Dr. Hugo Müller. This body, which exists largely in the juice of flesh, and also, though to much less amount, in human urine, is represented by the formula C,H,NO2. Under the influence of caustic baryta it absorbs water with transformation into sarcosine and urea, the residues of which pre-exist in the kreatine, thus,

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Sarcosine (Methylamine Ammonia.

Concluding with these extremely complex animal products, I trust I have satisfied you of the main position with which we started, that highly complex molecules are built up of the residues of less complex molecules, which less complex molecules are capable for the most part of being referred to definite positions in certain natural series or groups of associated bodies,-in such series as those of the aromatic and fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, &c., and in such groups as the benzoic, acetic, propionic, and butyric,

for instance.

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

Friday, June 9.

"On Researches in Organic Chemistry in the Royal Institution." By EDWARD FRANKLAND, Esq., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, R.I.

The vast crowd of organic compounds with which modern research has made us acquainted have been grouped into a comparatively small number of families, each containing substances closely allied in chemical character. Thus, amongst others, the following families or series of organic bodies are well known and sharply defined :1. The Marsh-gas Family. 2. The Alcohols.

3. The Organic Ammonias.

4. The Fatty, or Acetic Series of Acids.

5. The Organic Oxalic Acids, or Lactic Series. 6. The Acrylic Series of Acids.

The speaker referred especially to the last three families as having been the subjects of the researches carried on in the laboratory of the Royal Institution during the past year by his friend Mr. Duppa and himself. Two of these chemists; the acetic having been especially illustrated by families had already received the careful study of many the classic researches of Kolbe and Gerhardt, whilst the lactic family had quite recently had the advantage of the equally remarkable investigations of Wurtz and Kolbe. Nevertheless, there seemed to be still some points of great interest regarding the arrangement of the atoms of these acids, their atomic architecture, so to speak,-which had not yet received elucidation; whilst the acrylic family had hitherto enjoyed comparatively but little attention from chemists.

It had been proved by Kolbe and the speaker, nearly twenty years ago, that methyl (CH3) is a constituent of acetic acid, and more recently that acetic acid and acetic ether are constructed upon the carbonic acid or tetratomic carbon type, the formula of acetic ether being

C

с

H

O (C2H2)

From this formula it was seen that the radical methyl in acetic ether contained three single atoms of hydrogen combined with a tetratomic atom of carbon; and the speaker and his friend proposed to themselves the question: Can this hydrogen be replaced atom for atom by the alcohol radicals methyl, ethyl, &c.? In endeavouring to solve this problem, they availed themselves of that class of chemical reactions in which an electro-positive atom is expelled from a compound by a more electro-positive atom. Acetic ether was submitted to the action of sodium, by which two compounds of the following composition were obtained:

Na

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Na C Na H

C

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These compounds, when brought into contact with the iodides of methyl, ethyl, &c., yielded ethers, exhibiting the substitution which it was sought to obtain. In this way there had been produced the following ethers :

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NEWS

acid of the composition of margaric acid, containing three atoms of amyl in the place of the three atoms of hydrogen in the methyl of acetic ether.

CH11

C

CH11

CH

C

он

which at the present moment appear so unapproachable. The work before us requires a vast amount of experiment and thought. Would that more labourers were engaged in it! How many men of leisure and ability are almost compelled to pass through life with no higher object than their own amusement? Why cannot our schools and universities furnish the next generation of such men with the scientific knowledge necessary to enable them to take

A similar inquiry had been instituted with regard to the part in the glorious work of investigating Nature ?

family of acids of which lactic acid is a member, and it had been proved that this series of acids are derived from oxalic acid by the substitution of one atom of diatomic oxygen, in the latter by two of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, &c. The following, amongst numerous other examples, were referred to in illustration of the relations of the pri

mary to the derived acids :

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Dimethoxalic Ethylomethoxalic acid. From the lactic family of acids access had also been gained to the acrylic family, for it had been found that the abstraction of water from the ether of an acid of the lactic family converted it into the ether of an acid of the acrylic family, thus:

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Diethoxalic ether. Ethylcrotonic ether. The production of these acids was not merely interesting on account of the addition of new members to the acrylic family, but their derivation from the synthesized acids of the lactic family afforded the most convincing proof of the style of architecture in which they were built up.

The investigation of the three families of acids had conclusively established between them the very simple relations exhibited in the three following formulæ :-Lactic family. Acetic family.

Acrylic family.
H
CH2"

(H
H

H

H

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The speaker concluded as follows:-The day has almost gone by when the experimenter was asked the use of such investigations as these; nevertheless, it may fairly be demanded, Whither do such researches tend? What is their object? The sole object that we have had in view in these investigations has been the discovery of the laws according to which organic compounds are moulded-those compounds, the transformation of which from one state of combination to another constitutes an essential part of the phenomena we call life. There is no royal road to this kind of knowledge. It is only by thus patiently and laboriously examining every part of the subject that the combined efforts of the physicist, the physiologist, and the chemist will one day be able to solve the organic problems

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

July 31.

M. E. FRÉMY made a second communication, entitled

By a reference to our pages we find that it is five years

"Chemical Researches on the Green Matter in Leaves."

since M. Frémy made his former communication (see CHEMICAL NEWs, vol. I., p. 228), in which he announced his discovery that the green matter of leaves was composed of a blue and a yellow matter, to which he gave the names phyllocyanine and phylloxanthine. He then separated these two bodies by shaking chlorophyll, extracted from leaves by alcohol, with a mixture of dilute hydrochloric acid and ether. Under the influence of the acid, the chlorophyll split up, the yellow matter dissolved in the ether, and the acid became of a blue colour. M. Frémy since this time has occupied himself in discovering less energetic solvents, to satisfy himself that these two bodies really existed in the plant, and were not produced by the chemical action of the hydrochloric acid on the chlorophyll. The author has now found that the earthy bases, especially alumina, added to an alcoholic solution of chlorophyll, combine with the green matter, which is precipitated as a lake, leaving the yellow matter in solution. With the alkaline earths, and particularly baryta, the reaction is more distinct. When an alcoholic solution of chlorophyll is boiled with hydrate of baryta, it is split up, and the phylloxanthine, which is a neutral body insoluble in water, is precipitated along with a baryta salt of phyllocyanic acid. Thus chlorophyll is seen to be a sort of coloured fat, which undergoes saponification by the action of powerful bases, and in which the phylloxanthine appears to be the glycerine and the bluish-green phyllocyanic acid the fatty acid. Alcohol dissolves the former body from the mixed precipitate, and the solution on evaporation yields crystals sometimes yellow plates and sometimes reddish prisms, the colour of which reminds us of bichromate of potash. These crystals are insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether; they possess considerable tinctorial power. The baryta salt of phyllocyanic acid may be decomposed by sulphuric acid, and a solution is obtained which, according to the strength, may be green, reddish, violet, or a beautiful blue. M. Frémy does not think that the two bodies exist together in chlorophyll; he believes this body to be an immediate green principle of excessive changeability, which, under the influence of reagents, and probably by the action of vegetation, undergoes various modifications, and produces the bodies described above. We shall probably return to this paper.

M. Fouqué sent an analysis of the gases now escaping from the fumaroles on Mount Etna. The following is the mean of some containing the maximum of carbonic acid :Sulphydric acid Carbonic acid Oxygen Nitrogen

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and an alkali are heated together only the zirconia enters into combination with the alkali. By employing zirconia or a corresponding mixture of zirconia and silica, he has thus been able to prepare crystallised zirconates. When zircon is fused with an excess of carbonate of soda, and the fused mass is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, a crystalline powder deposits, the analysis of which shows it to be the compound NaO8ZrO2 + 12HO. Zircon, or a mixture of zirconia and silica, fused with chloride of calcium or magnesium, produces crystallised zirconates exempt from silica. This, and the paper by the same author we noticed last, are important contributions to our knowledge of the rare element zirconium, and we shall reproduce them in longer abstract.

M. Naquet presented a note "On Thymotide," the body produced by the action of perchloride of phosphorus on thymotic acid, resulting in the removal from the latter body of the elements of water. It is also produced by the action of anhydrous phosphoric acid on thymotic acid. The author regards thymotic as the homologue of salicylide, and remarks that these two bodies are to thymotic and salicylic acid what coumarine is to coumaric acid, and perhaps camphor to camphoric acid.

MM. Millon and Commaille made a communication "On the Affinity of Caseine for Bases." By rubbing caseine and magnesia together with a little water, the authors obtained a liquid which, filtered into alcohol, gave a flocculent precipitate of a compound of one equivalent of caseine, two equivalents of magnesia, and four equivalents of water. They further discovered that caseine will unite with two oxides at the same time, and they formed various cupro-magnesic, cupro-calcic, and cupro-barytic, sodic, and ammonaical compounds with caseine. Combinations of oxide of zinc, potash, and caseine, mercuric oxide, ammonia, and caseine, and lastly a silver compound. This last compound possesses the most interest. It is formed when a perfectly neutral solution of nitrate of silver is poured into an ammoniacal solution of caseine, and is precipitated as a cheesy mass, which must be washed with water, alcohol, and ether. When dried in the dark it is white, but turns yellow in diffuse light, and blackens in the sun. It is insoluble in water, but very soluble in caustic ammonia. The authors say that this compound deserves the attention of photographers.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Annalen de Chimie et de Physique, June, 1865. THE first article in this number is by M. A. Geradin"Researches on the Solubility of Salts in Mixtures of Alcohol and Water." It opens with an introduction giving a review of the various theories advanced on the subject of solution from Newton and Gassendi to Mulder and Graham. It may be useful to young readers to reproduce this introduction, which, however, we must defer for the present. With regard to the solubility of salts in mixtures of alcohol and water, the author has arrived at the following conclusions. All salts insoluble in alcohol and soluble in water have, in mixtures of alcohol and water at a constant temperature, a solubility decreasing as the proportion of water in the mixture is diminished. 2. The solubility of these salts is not proportional to the amount of water contained in the mixture. The quantity dissolved is always less than would dissolve in the same amount of water by itself.

The next paper, by M. Nicklés, "On the Existence of Perchloride of Manganese," we have noticed already in our reports of the Academy of Sciences (C. N., vol. xi., P. 129). Some further details are given here respecting the formation of perbromides and periodides of manganese, of the existence of which the author leaves no doubt. These compounds are very peculiar (singulier). They are not acids, for contact with bases destroys them; they are

not alkaline, for they combine with ether as chlorides do; they are not neutral, for acids give them stability. In all respects they deserve to be called peculiar, as M. Dumas called them by anticipation forty years ago. A short description of "A New Air-pump with a Free Piston," by M. Deleuil, would not be intelligible without the accompanying woodcuts. The instrument appears to offer many advantages. The piston being free from the walls of the cylinder, there is no friction and no resistance; and no oil being required, the machine is always in order. It is a cheap machine, also.

The remainder of the journal is occupied with a part of a memoir, by MM. Berthelot and de Fleurieu, “ On the Estimation of Tartaric Acid, Potash, and Bitartrates of Potash in Vinous Liquors." An abstract of this paper, from the Comptes- Rendus, appeared in the CHEMICAL NEWS for October 10, 1863 (vol. viii., p. 173), to which number we must refer our readers.

Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. July, 1865. THIS journal opens with a paper by Dr. A. Ladenberg, "On a New Method of Organic Analysis." We shall give original, and may be useful in some cases. Erlenmeyer an abstract of this paper very shortly, since the method is gives a preliminary notice of "Distyrol, a New Polymer of Styrol," formed by heating together cinnamic and aqueous hydrobromic acids for several hours in a sealed tube. A heavy oily body is produced, which forms with bromine a crystalline bromide, of the composition 16H16Br; hence the author concludes that the oil itself is distyrol, €16H16. All the other papers of interest have been noticed.

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GRANTS OF PROVISIONAL PROTECTION FOR SIX MONTHS.

Communicated by Mr. VAUGHAN, PATENT AGENT, 54, Chancery Lane, W.C.

653. P. Carlevaris, Genoa, "Producing a light applicable to photographic purposes, to lighthouses, and to other illuminations."-Petition recorded June 20, 1865.

1790. A. V. Newton, Chancery Lane, "Certain improvements in the manufacture of superphosphate of lime from guano." A communication from G. A. Liebig, Baltimore, Ma., U.S.A.-July 6, 1865.

1857. R. V. Tuson, St. Paul's Road, Camden Town, "Improvements in the preparation and preservation of foods for animals."-July 15, 1865.

NOTICES TO PROCEED.

765. J. C. Stevenson, South Shields, "Improvements in the preparation of hyposulphite of lime."-Petition recorded March 18, 1865.

777. R. T. Crawshay and J. A. Lewis, Cyfarthfa Iron Works, Glamorganshire, "Improvements in the manufacture of puddled iron bars and every description of malleable iron."-March 20, 1865.

864. F. Le Roy, Saint Saulve, France, "Certain improvements in non-conducting composition for preventing the radiation or transmission of heat or cold."-March 27, 1865.

891. J. Player, Norton, Stockton-upon-Tees, "Improvements in furnaces or apparatus for heating the blast for furnaces used in smelting iron, and for other furnaces.' -March 29, 1865.

NEWS

899. W. Brookes, Chancery Lane, "A new or improved mode of rapidly reducing, cementing, and melting iron and other ores, also iron slag or cinders, drops, and scales or crust, to produce directly therefrom steel, or malleable, or cast iron." A communication from J. B. Helson, Hautmont, France.

900. A. A. Croll, Coleman Street, "Improvements in the manufacture of sulphate of alumina."-March 30, 1865. 980. G. Davies, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, "Improvements in the means of, and apparatus for, increasing the illuminating power of hydrocarbon oils and gases."-A communication from T. S. Speakman, Camden, New Jersey, U.S.A.-April 6, 1865.

1008. G. Davies, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, "An improved composition for preventing the fouling of ships and other vessels."-A communication from W. B. Davis, Brooklyn, Kingscounty, N. Y., U.S.A.-April 8, 1865. 1076. J. Dougan, Coed Talon, near Mold, North Wales, "Improvements in apparatus for distilling hydrocarbons from coal schists and other minerals."-April 17, 1865. 1159. J. C. Wickham, Elizabeth Cottage, Bow, and A. E. Deiss, Bow Bridge, Improvements in the manufacture of waterproof fabrics, and in apparatus to be employed therein."-April 25, 1865.

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1679. J. Gale, Devonshire Terrace, Plymouth, "Improvements in preparing and treating gunpowder."June 22, 1865.

1690. M. A. Muir and J. McIlwham, Glasgow, N.B., "Improved sanitary apparatus or arrangements for venting noxious exhalations, such as arise when coating or treating iron or other articles."-June 24, 1865. 1885. G. Nimmo, Jersey, New Jersey, U.S.A., "An improvement in the mode of uniting different metals, such as iron and copper, or alloys, to form compound and metallic castings."-July 19, 1865.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Continental Science.

I may mention here that the Abbé Moigno has commenced to publish the monthly review of scientific progress which he delivers at the rooms of the Société d'Encouragement. Any one who does not read Les Mondes (and, I may add, the CHEMICAL NEWS) would do well to subscribe for the work, which is published exceedingly cheap, and will be issued immediately after each conference. The reader will gain a good idea of what is done in France month by month in the practical applications of science in the industrial arts, although, if continued as this first number, they will gain no notion of the charming vivacity of the learned and spirituel abbé.

I do not remember to have mentioned that M. Wurtz has been selected by the Academy for the biennial prize of the Institute. A botanist, an engineer, and a chemist were presented by the several sections, but the ballot was eventually in favour of M. Wurtz, who gained 28 votes, the botanist, M. Thüret, gaining 22. M. Dupuy de Lôme, the engineer, was nowhere. No one, I imagine, will contest M. Wurtz's claims to the honour and the money, but he has already been fortunate enough to obtain the Jecker prize twice, once in 1860, and again this year, as you made known in the CHEMICAL NEWS.

I ought also to have mentioned the sudden decease of M. O. Reveil, one of our most industrious writers on pharmacy and toxicology, whose Annuaire Pharmaceutique for last year has just appeared. Without being brilliant, he was a painstaking, careful experimenter, and a lucid pre-writer, who has done good service, and is much regretted by his friends and colleagues at the School of Pharmacy. I told you last year that a Berlin doctor attributed the presence of cholera in Europe to the misgovernment of India by the English. The Berlin doctor, perhaps, is not alone in the opinion, for M. Bonnafont, a doctor at Arras, has just published a pamphlet in which he suggests some rather extensive drainage works to the Indian Government. His pamphlet is entitled,-"A Memoir on the Necessity for Rendering Healthy Marshy Countries in general, but especially those watered by the Delta of the Ganges, as the only Effectual Means of Preventing Invasions of Cholera." Sir Charles Wood, perhaps, will have time to read M. Bonnafont's pamphlet before Parlia

PARIS, August 7.

OUR new "Codex," which has not been quite so long in preparation as the British Pharmacopoeia was, is now completed, and will soon be published. It has been compiled by a special commission, appointed in June, 1861, and composed of professors in schools of medicine and pharmacy, which included most of our authorities on materia medica and pharmacy. The book has, therefore, been only four years in preparation. The last Codex was published in 1837, and it certainly needed revision. The editors are under no fear of meeting with such criticism as befel the unlucky compilers of the British Pharmacopeia. The Codex is published by authority, and must not be brought into contempt. Let it be noted also that the authority put up the printing and publishing to competition, and accepted the lowest tender, that of MM. Baillière and Sons.

I see in Les Mondes a notice of the completion of another long-expected book by Professor Goeppert, "On the Organic Nature of the Diamond." The learned Professor contends that diamonds cannot have been produced by Plutonic action, since they become black when exposed to a very high temperature. He considers their Neptunian origin proved by the fact they have often on the surface impressions of grains of sand, and sometimes of crystals, showing that they have once been soft. Moreover, they are sometimes found to enclose other crystals, germs of fungi, and even vegetable structure of a higher origin. These facts would lead to the belief that diamonds are really the final product of the decomposition of vegetable substances. If so, some people may regret that you are using up your coal-fields so fast, since, if sufficient time were allowed, the black diamonds might change to white and real jewels.

ment meets.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Duty on Patent Medicines. It is shown by an official document that in the year ending March 31 last the duty on patent medicines produced as much as 55,333. os. 4d.

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Suspected Poisoning. A young woman who seems to have been under medical treatment for some time was admitted to St. George's Hospital on the 19th July with all the symptoms of arsenical or antimonial poisoning, and she died the next day. Dr. Barclay made a post-mortem examination of the body, and found no natural cause for the symptoms under which the deceased had laboured; the stomach was in a state of extraordinary congestion, and he was led to the conclusion that the girl had died from poison-either antimony or arsenic. The Secretary of State was communicated with, and he ordered that the services of Dr. Swayne Taylor should be called in for a scientific analysis to be made of the viscera of the deceased. At the inquest Dr. Alfred S. Taylor, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at Guy's Hospital, said he received a jar containing the stomach, &c., of the deceased on last Friday. The stomach had been opened. He examined the parts soon after. stomach and intestines were very much putrefied, and he could not form any opinion of their state at the time of death. He analysed them to ascertain if there was any arsenic or antimony present in them. The result showed that there was no trace of either. He therefore con

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