Ecology and Resource Management

acre adult analysis animals attack threshold b₁ balsam fir biological biomass calculated catch competition complex computer simulation constant curve defoliation density-dependent describe determine dispersal Drosophila dynamic programming Ecology effect eggs Entomol epicenter epidemic equation estimates example experimental exploitation factors fecundity female fish Fisheries forest Fortran function growth harvesting important increase independent variables insect insecticides intraspecific competition killed Lake lamprey larvae loop mathematical model maximum mean measured methods mortality N₁ natural obtain operation optimal optimum outbreak oviposition parameters parasites percent pest plant population density predator prey problem procedure produce proportion rate of exploitation regression regression analysis reproductive resource management sampling sequence simulation studies smallmouth bass species spraying spruce budworm square statistical step strategy survival systems model Table techniques temperature trees trophic unit variance variate values vector waterfowl Watt weather whales Wildlife X₁