A History of Gibraltar and Its Sieges

Abu Sa'id admiral Africa Al-makkari Alfonso Algeciras Almohades Almoravides Amalaric ancient Andalus Andalusia Arabian Arabs Arragon attack Ayala batteries battle besieged brother Cadiz Caliph called Calpe Captain capture Carteia Carthage Carthaginians Castile Ceuta Christians coast command Condé conquest Cordova crown death defeated defenders Drinkwater Duke effect enemy English father Feraz Ferdinand fire fleet force Fortress French galleys garrison Goths governor Granada Granadian guns Guzman hands Hannibal Henry Hercules historian history of Gibraltar hundred Isabella Ismail Jusef King of Fez King Roderic kingdom land latter Lord Malaga means Merines Mohammed Mohammed IV Mole monarch Moorish Moors Moslemah Moslems Muza Nas'r party Pelayas Phoenician possession prince reign Rock Roderic Romans royal ruins sailed says sent ships siege of Gibraltar Spain Spaniards Spanish Straits Straits of Gibraltar Suevi surrender Tarifa thousand Toledo took tower troops vessels victory Visigoths Witiza