Biology Takes Form: Animal Morphology and the German Universities, 1800-1900University of Chicago Press, 15 paź 1995 - 414 Morphology—the study of form—is often regarded as a failed science that made only limited contributions to our understanding of the living world. Challenging this view, Lynn Nyhart argues that morphology was integral to the life sciences of the nineteenth century. Biology Takes Form traces the development of morphological research in German universities and illuminates significant institutional and intellectual changes in nineteenth-century German biology. Although there were neither professors of morphology nor a morphologists' society, morphologists achieved influence by "colonizing" niches in a variety of disciplines. Scientists in anatomy, zoology, natural history, and physiology considered their work morphological, and the term encompassed research that today might be classified as embryology, systematics, functional morphology, comparative physiology, ecology, behavior, evolutionary theory, or histology. Nyhart draws on research notes, correspondence, and other archival material to examine how these scientists responded to new ideas and to the work of colleagues. She examines the intertwined histories of morphology and the broader biological enterprise, demonstrating that the study of form was central to investigations of such issues as the relationships between an animal's structure and function, between an organism and its environment, and between living species and their ancestors. |
Spis treści
Situating Morphology I | 1 |
The Study of Form before 1850 | 35 |
Rearranging the Sciences of Animal Life | 85 |
Descent and the Laws of Development | 105 |
Evolutionary Morphology at Jena | 143 |
Evolution and Morphology among the Zoologists | 168 |
PART THREE | 205 |
Carl Gegenbaur | 207 |
8 | 212 |
Morphological Program | 243 |
Rhetoric | 278 |
Morphology Biology and the Zoological | 306 |
Anatomy and Zoology Professors 18101918 | 364 |
Archival Sources | 371 |
403 | |
Inne wydania - Wyświetl wszystko
Biology Takes Form: Animal Morphology and the German Universities, 1800-1900 Lynn K. Nyhart Ograniczony podgląd - 1995 |
Biology Takes Form: Animal Morphology and the German Universities, 1800-1900 Lynn K. Nyhart Podgląd niedostępny - 1995 |
Kluczowe wyrazy i wyrażenia
adaptation Althoff anat anatomists anatomy and physiology anatomy and zoology animal form appointment approach argued August Weismann ausserordentliche professor Baer Berlin biogenetic law biology Bonn Breslau Bronn Burdach career Carl Gegenbaur causal cells cenogenesis century Claus cohort comparative anatomy concerns Darwin's theory Darwinian disciplinary discipline Dohrn Driesch early Ehlers embryology Entwicklungsmechanik Ernst Haeckel especially evolution evolutionary morphology experimental Friedrich full professor Fürbringer Nachlass gastraea theory gastrula germ layers Göttingen GSTA Merseburg Heidelberg Hertwig histology Ibid ideas important institutional intellectual Jena Kölliker Leipzig Leuckart Leydig Ludwig Max Fürbringer medical faculty microscopic Müller natural history older ontogeny organic orientation philosophical faculty phylogenetic phylogeny physicalist physicalist physiologists physiology problems professor of anatomy prosector Rabl Richard Hertwig Roux Roux's scientific zoology Semper side-fold Siebold structure study of form teacher teaching teleology tion tissues Uschmann vertebrate Weismann Wilhelm Wilhelm Roux Wissenschaft wrote Würzburg younger zoologists